2019年7月新闻热词汇总

留学生 international students

The Ministry of Education will ask universities to adopt similar standards for all students, foreign and Chinese, in teaching, exam requirements, education resources and services, said an official from the ministry's department of international cooperation and exchanges.
教育部国际合作与交流司负责人表示，教育部将进一步推动来华留学生与中国学生的管理和服务趋同化，实现统一标准的教学管理与考试考核制度，提供平等一致的教学资源与管理服务。

【单词讲解】

离开自己所在的国家去其他国家和地区的学校学习深造的所有学生统称为international students（国际学生/留学生），对于本国的学生来说，从其他国家来我国学习的学生就是foreign students，而离开我们国家去外国学习的学生则是overseas students，学成回国的“海归”就是overseas returnees。这几年很流行的“出国游学”就是overseas study tour。

该负责人介绍，来华留学经费主要用于资助根据中国政府与有关国家（地区）政府签订的教育交流协议到中国高校学习或开展科研的非中国籍公民。

China has signed official education exchange agreements with more than 180 countries, under which both sides can send students to each other's countries for further study, the ministry said.
目前，中国和180多个国家签订了政府间教育交流协议，支持双方互派学生到对方国家学习深造。

In 2018, the country welcomed 492,000 international students from 196 countries and regions to study at 1,004 universities and research institutes across the country, it said.
据教育部发布的统计数据，2018年，共有来自196个国家和地区的49.2万名留学生在国内1004所高校和科研机构学习。

The ministry said 63,000 international students were funded by Chinese government scholarships last year, accounting for just 12.8 percent of the foreign students in China. Moreover, 70 percent of those receiving scholarships were pursuing master's or doctoral degrees.
其中，共有6.3万名中国政府奖学金生，占来华留学生总数的12.8%。这些中国政府奖学金生中，攻读学位的硕博研究生占70%。

下一步，教育部将进一步完善中国政府奖学金生的招生和管理，提高标准，保障质量。同时，健全奖学金院校考核评估机制，对违规招生或培养质量不达标的院校，取消招收和培养奖学金生资格。

The ministry punished 18 universities for irregularities in international student admission, certificate issuance for visa applications and on-campus management. Sixteen institutions were suspended to enroll foreign students last year, it said.
2018年，教育部严肃处理了18所院校在来华留学生招收、录取、签证等留学生管理工作过程中的各类违法违规行为，暂停16所涉事院校招收外国留学生的资格。

Universities should also teach international students relevant laws and regulations in China, and students who violate those laws and regulations or commit crimes will be dealt with seriously, the official said.
该负责人强调，高校应当对来华留学生进行中国法律法规、校规校纪教育，对违规违纪的留学生严肃处理。

电子烟 electronic cigarettes

China is planning to establish legislation to supervise electronic cigarettes as part of overall tobacco control efforts as use of the products increases among the youth, the National Health Commission said on Monday.
国家卫健委7月22日表示，随着电子烟在青少年中的使用增加，我国计划立法对电子烟进行监管，作为控烟行动的一个举措。

目前主流的电子烟（electronic cigarettes/e-cigarettes）大部分都是通过一个雾化器（vaporator）将包含丙二醇、植物甘油、调味香料和尼古丁等成分的烟油变成蒸汽，模拟吸烟时产生类似烟雾。

国家卫生健康委规划司司长毛群安表示，电子烟的危害问题应该引起高度重视。

电子烟产生的气溶胶含有许多有毒有害的物质（toxic substances），电子烟中的各种添加剂成分（additives）也存在着健康风险（health risk）。另外，许多电子烟产品所含的尼古丁浓度标识模糊（nicotine concentration claim on the label is vague），容易导致使用者吸食过量。

同时，电子烟的器具还存在着电池爆炸（battery explosion）、烟液渗透（tobacco juice leak）、高温烫伤（scald burn risk）等安全风险。

目前我国电子烟的使用处于较低水平，但与2015年相比有所提高，而且重点还都是年轻人。

About 0.9 percent of people in China were e-cigarette users last year－compared with 0.5 percent in 2015－according to a survey released by the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention in May, which was based on nearly 20,000 people across China. The number of e-cigarette users in China who are 15 years or older is estimated at 10 million, the center said.
中国疾控中心今年5月针对近2万人进行的一项调查显示，去年我国电子烟使用者人数占总人口的0.9%，比2015年的0.5%有所上升。我国15岁及以上电子烟使用者的数量预计约有1000万。

根据国际的一些研究表明，电子烟的使用容易诱导青少年尝试使用传统的卷烟，这样就加快了吸烟人群的年轻化趋势。

"To reduce tobacco prevalence, we must prevent adolescents from trying tobacco. But e-cigarettes can easily lure youngsters and turn them into users of traditional tobacco later," Mao said.
毛群安说，要实现吸烟率的下降，一定要阻止青少年尝试烟草，但是电子烟恰恰容易以时尚的方式诱导青少年先接触电子烟，之后可能就接触传统的烟草。

It is necessary to intensify supervision over e-cigarettes. The National Heath Commission is working with other related departments conducting research on e-cigarette supervision and planning to put it under supervision through legislative means.
所以必须严格加强电子烟的监管。目前国家卫生健康委正在会同有关部门开展电子烟监管的研究，计划要通过立法的方式对电子烟进行监管。

“健康中国行动”提出的控烟目标包括：

Over 80 percent of China's population will be under smoke-free legal protection as of 2030.
到2030年，全面无烟法规保护的人口比例达到80%及以上。

Party and government branches at all levels will become smoking-free by 2020, and smoking will get gradually banned throughout indoor public spaces, workplaces and public transport.
到2022年要基本实现把各级党政机关建设成无烟机关，逐步在所有室内公共场所、办公场所及公共交通内实现全面禁烟。

取景地旅游 set-jetting

Popular TV drama The Longest Day in Chang'an, which was shot in the ancient Chinese city of Xi'an in Shaanxi province, has made the city a tourist hot spot.
《长安十二时辰》热播以来，该剧的拍摄地陕西省西安市成为热门旅游景点。

In the first week of this month, online enquiries about flight ticket bookings to Xi'an recorded a 130-percent year-on-year spike, said Ctrip, China's largest online travel agency.
携程统计显示，近期，飞往西安的机票搜索量同比上涨130%左右。

这种到影视剧拍摄地旅游的行为在英语里已经有了一个专门的词：set-jetting。

Set-jetting is the trend of traveling to destinations that are first seen in movies or TV series. For instance, touring London in a high-speed boat like James Bond, or visiting the stately homes that are seen in the Jane Austen films. The term was first coined in the US press in the New York Post by journalist Gretchen Kelly.
Set-jetting指将影视剧拍摄地作为目的地的旅游，即“取景地旅游”。比如，像詹姆斯•邦德一样乘坐快艇环游伦敦，或者到简•奥斯丁作品电影中那样的大宅院中游览。这个词由《纽约邮报》记者格雷琴•凯丽首创并在美国媒体首先使用。

近几年，这种取景地主题游暴增。热门美剧《权力的游戏》热播期间，克罗地亚、北爱尔兰等国就成为游客争相到访的目的地。

Many countries – among them, Croatia, Spain, Northern Ireland, Iceland and Morocco – are all benefiting from the ultra popular Game of Thrones series. National and international travel agencies join countless online outfits in offering Game of Thrones trips and tours of all lengths and prices.
包括克罗地亚、西班牙、北爱尔兰、冰岛以及摩洛哥在内的很多国家都因为美剧《权力的游戏》热播而成为热门旅游景点。各类国内和国际旅行社也开始提供各种价位、长期和短期的《权游》主题游产品。

上半年，电视剧《都挺好》也引发苏州旅游热潮。

Suzhou, Chongqing and Bayanbulak Grassland have also become go-to destinations for domestic tourists as films such as Pegasus and TV dramas such as All Is Well were set or shot there.
苏州、重庆以及巴音布鲁克草原也作为电影《希望之神》和电视剧《都挺好》的取景地或拍摄地而成为国内游客必去的打卡目的地。

平台经济 platform economy

At its executive meeting on Wednesday, the State Council decided to introduce another basket of measures to beef up growth of the platform economy, including steps to scrap restrictions on private sector access, and others to improve the business environment.
7月17日召开的国务院常务会议决定实施一系列支持平台经济发展的措施，其中包括取消社会资本准入限制以及提升营商环境的举措。

【名词解释】

平台经济（platform economy）是指一种虚拟或真实的交易场所（virtual or real marketplace），平台本身不生产产品，但可以促成双方或多方供求之间的交易（matching demand with supply），收取恰当的费用或赚取差价而获得收益的一种商业模式。平台经济的核心是利用互联网来实现诸如供需匹配、送货、支付、反馈以及对产品和服务供应商进行监督等功能（use the internet to provide common functions such as matching demand with supply, delivery, payment, feedback and supervision of the parties providing a product or service）。平台经济不受地理界限和商业模式的限制（not restricted by geographical boundaries and business models），可以实现资源的优化配置、有效融合及集约化利用（optimal allocation, effective integration and intensive use of resources）。

会议指出，近年来我国平台经济蓬勃兴起。

The total market value of China's top 20 internet platform businesses, including Alibaba, Tencent and Baidu, exceeded $1.38 trillion by the end of last year, according to a report by the China Academy of Information and Communications Technology.
中国信息通信研究院的报告显示，截至去年底，阿里巴巴、腾讯、百度等排名前20位的互联网平台企业总市值超过1.38万亿元。

要遵循规律、顺势而为，支持推动平台经济健康发展。

一要发展平台经济新业态。

顺应群众需要发展“互联网＋服务业”（promote the development of the Internet Plus service industry），支持社会资本进入医疗健康、教育、养老家政、旅游、体育等服务领域（private businesses will be encouraged to invest in sectors such as medical care, education, nursing, domestic services and sports），提供更多优质高效的便民服务。

二要优化发展环境（improve the business environment）。

推进登记注册便利化，放宽新兴行业企业名称登记限制，简化平台企业分支机构设立手续（make business registration easier and simpler procedures for setting up branches）。

三要按照包容审慎要求，创新监管方式，探索适应新业态特点、有利于公平竞争的公正监管办法，推进“互联网＋监管”（Internet Plus supervision）。

新时代的中国国防 China's National Defense in the New Era

China on Wednesday issued a white paper to expound on its defensive national defense policy in the new era and explain the practice, purposes and significance of China's efforts to build a fortified national defense and a strong military. Titled "China's National Defense in the New Era," the white paper was released by the State Council Information Office, with a view to helping the international community better understand China's national defense.
7月24日，中国政府发表《新时代的中国国防》白皮书。白皮书全面介绍了新时代中国防御性国防政策，清晰地向世界表明了中国国防和军队建设的战略指向、基本遵循和世界意义，有助于国际社会理解中国军力发展。

这是中国政府自1998年以来发表的第10部国防白皮书，也是党的十八大以来发表的首部综合型国防白皮书。白皮书全文约2.7万字，正文部分包括国际安全形势、新时代中国防御性国防政策、履行新时代军队使命任务、改革中的中国国防和军队、合理适度的国防开支、积极服务构建人类命运共同体等6个章节。

白皮书首次全景式展现中国深化国防和军队改革取得的历史性成就，还专门辟出章节，介绍中国在坚定维护联合国宪章宗旨和原则、推动构建新型安全伙伴关系、推动构建地区安全合作架构、妥善处理领土问题和海洋划界争端、积极提供国际公共安全产品等方面的具体实践。与以往相比，白皮书在附件中列出了多达10个表格，详细介绍了军委机关部门基本情况、2010年至2017年中国年度国防费构成、2012年以来解放军和武警部队对外开展的主要联演联训活动以及中国军队参加的主要联合国维和行动等内容。