2019年10月新闻热词汇总

朋友圈改定位 change location shared in WeChat Moments

According to media reports, users can change the location shared in WeChat Moments with the help of a service available on some e-commerce platforms for as low as couple of yuan to dozens of yuan.
据媒体报道，用户可以在一些电商平台花几元或者几十元来修改朋友圈分享的定位信息。

An investigation by Beijing Youth Daily found that the service is still available on e-commerce platforms, but sellers have to be authorized to remotely log in the buyer's WeChat account to change the GPS location with a plug-in.
《北京青年报》调查发现，此类服务在电商平台有售，但是买家需要授权让卖家远程登录其微信账号，然后用插件修改定位信息。

【单词讲解】

这里的plug-in指a piece of software that can be added to a computer system to give extra features or functions（可添加入计算机系统以实现额外功能的软件），即“插件”。网络游戏中用来作弊的“外挂程序”则叫做tag-on service，指专门针对一个或多个网络游戏，通过改变网络游戏软件的部分程序制作而成的作弊程序（cheating program）。

记者调查发现，修改朋友圈定位服务主要有三种形式：单次人工代发、软件无限次操作、硬件永久使用。

单次代发一般只需10元、20元，需要用户自己先编辑好朋友圈内容，并设置为“仅自己可见”，告诉卖家需要的地理位置，卖家会提供一个二维码（QR code），用户扫描后将允许卖家远程登录自己的微信账号（remotely log in the buyer's WeChat account），并修改定位发布朋友圈。

软件无限次操作则需要用户购买外挂软件（plug-in software），一般在100元左右。用户下载APP，按照卖家发来的教程操作，即可无限次修改朋友圈定位。

此外，用户还可以购买一款像充电头一样的硬件设备（hardware device），插在手机上就能直接改变手机自身的位置，进而可以修改手机上任何软件的定位。

WeChat staff said that using plug-in software poses privacy and property security risks. Internet security experts also warned consumers not to buy this service, given the potential safety risks.
微信团队表示，使用外挂软件有隐私和财产安全风险。互联网安全专家也发出警告，鉴于潜在的安全风险，建议消费者不要购买此类服务。

After gaining authorization through remote login, one can obtain the user's personal information and even implant trojans or viruses to the system, causing privacy leaks and loss of money, said an expert.
一位专家表示，获得远程登录授权之后，对方可获取用户的个人信息，甚至在手机系统中植入木马或病毒，导致隐私泄露及财务损失。

WeChat's public relations team said on Thursday the technical department has launched a probe into the issue. WeChat was not aware of the existence of the fake location service and have been cracking down on the use of plug-ins, the team said. As of the first half of 2019, WeChat has banned about one million accounts using plug-ins temporarily or permanently.
10月10日，微信公关回应，并不知道有此类服务售卖，一直在打击外挂行为，截止今年上半年已对百万违规账号进行临时或永久封禁处理，技术部已介入调查。

10月12日，微信表示，就媒体报道的外挂软件售卖信息，正在与淘宝沟通，要求下架相关违规服务（have such services removed from the platform），同时再次提醒用户不要使用此类外挂服务，以免带来隐私、财产安全等多种风险。

国家公务员考试 national civil servant exam

China plans to recruit about 24,000 civil servants to work for 86 central agencies and 23 institutions directly attached to them in the 2020 civil servant intake, the State Administration of Civil Service said Monday.
国家公务员局10月14日表示，本次国考共计划招录2.4万人，涉及中央和国家机关86个单位、23个直属机构。

【单词讲解】

这里的intake表示某个机构或者某地在特定时间段“新招收或者新纳入的人”，比如，this year's intake of students（今年招的学生），annual intake of immigrants（每年接收的移民）等。此外，intake也可以表示 (食物、饮料、空气等的)摄取量,吸入量，比如，daily salt intake（每天的盐摄入量）， intake of alcohol（饮酒量）等。

The recruitment, the first after the country's civil servant law was revised, offers more vacancies than about 14,500 last year.
这是新修订的公务员法实施后第一次中央机关及其直属机构公务员招考，招录规模较上年的1.45万余人大幅增加。

根据国家公务员局的介绍，本次招录有三大特征。

首先突出政治要求，将政治素质（political integrity）考查贯穿始终。

其次，坚持基层导向，招考政策和录用计划向基层一线倾斜。

The majority of the positions in Party and government agencies above the provincial level will require two years of grassroots work experience, according to the administration.
公告显示，中央机关及其省级直属机构主要招录具有2年以上基层工作经历的人员。

More than 2,700 vacancies will be open only to those working in some primary-level projects, as well as veterans who have college degrees and served for a minimum of five years.
有2700余个计划定向招录服务基层项目人员，以及在军队服役5年(含)以上的高校毕业生退役士兵。

此外，推进分类考录，进一步提高选人的精准性科学性。

Candidates will be evaluated based on their overall performance in the written tests, a physical examination and an internship.
根据考试成绩、体检结果和考察情况等，择优确定拟录用人员。

北京垃圾分类 garbage sorting rules in Beijing

10月14日，《北京市生活垃圾管理条例修正案(草案送审稿)》在首都之窗网上公开征求意见，时间截止到11月13日。

Individuals in Beijing who refuse to sort their garbage will be subject to a fine of 200 yuan, according to a new draft amendment to the city's current regulations on domestic waste management.
《北京市生活垃圾管理条例修正案(草案送审稿)》规定，拒绝分类投放垃圾的个人将面临200元罚款。

【单词讲解】

Be subject to是一个常用的短语，表示“受...影响、支配；容易...；遭受...”等意思，比如：Clothing purchases over $200 are subject to tax.（购买200美元以上的衣服要交税。）I'd rather not live in an area that is subject to flooding.（我可不想住在容易发洪水的地方。）

Companies and organizations could be fined from 10,000 to 50,000 yuan if they refuse to follow the new regulations, according to the draft.
单位拒绝将生活垃圾分别投放至相应收集容器的处1万元以上5万元以下罚款。

北京生活垃圾采取了“四分法”，共分为厨余垃圾（餐厨垃圾 kitchen waste）、可回收物（recyclables）、有害垃圾（hazardous waste）、其他垃圾（other waste）。

餐馆、旅馆主动提供一次性用品可罚5000元

The regulation also proposes a fine from 1,000 yuan to 5,000 yuan for restaurants, food delivery companies, and hotels that continue to provide disposable cutlery or single-use toiletries when consumers have not explicitly requested them.
条例草案还规定，餐饮服务者、餐饮配送服务提供者以及旅馆经营单位主动向消费者提供一次性餐具或者一次性日用品的，或将面临1000到5000元的罚款。

Express delivery firms that operate in Beijing should use electronic waybills and green packaging materials such as recyclable boxes or bags and eco-friendly tape.
快递企业在本市开展经营活动的，应当使用电子运单和环保箱(袋)、环保胶带等环保包装。

不分类投放垃圾或影响个人信用

Government departments and institutions will also need to promote a paperless work environment and not use disposable cups in their offices, said the draft.
草案提出，党政机关、事业单位应当推行无纸化办公，不使用一次性杯子。

Any violations of garbage sorting regulations committed by individuals will be recorded in public credit information system.
个人未将生活垃圾分别投放至相应收集容器的相关违法行为还将纳入公共信用信息管理。

大气污染治理 prevention and control of air pollution

生态环境部、发展改革委等10部门和北京、天津、河北等六省市人民政府近日联合印发《京津冀及周边地区2019-2020年秋冬季大气污染综合治理攻坚行动方案》，明确京津冀及周边地区2+26城市要全面完成2019年环境空气质量改善目标。

The number of days with severe pollution should fall by 6 percent from Oct 1 to March 31, and the average density of PM2.5--fine, breathable particles with diameters 2.5 micrometers or smaller--should drop by 4 percent compared with the same period last year, according to the plan.
方案明确，今年10月1日到明年3月31日，重度及以上污染天数同比减少6%，区域PM2.5（直径小于等于2.5微米的可吸入颗粒物）平均浓度同比下降4%。

2020年是打赢蓝天保卫战三年行动计划的目标年、关键年（a crucial year for China to win the battle for blue skies），2019-2020年秋冬季攻坚成效直接影响2020年目标的实现。

方案提出的具体目标举措还包括：

调整优化产业结构

The plan sets a deadline to close down some outdated production facilities and suspend some highly polluted industry capacities in Tianjin as well as Hebei, Shanxi and Shandong provinces by the end of this year.
2019年12月底前，天津、河北、山西及山东要淘汰一批老旧生产设备，关停部分高污染工业产能。

In Shanxi, for example, 1.75 million metric tons of steel capacity will be reduced, and outdated facilities that could produce 10 million tons of coke will also be shut down.
比如，山西省压减钢铁产能175万吨，关停淘汰焦炭产能1000万吨。

推进企业集群升级改造

By the end of this month, local authorities and enterprises in those regions are expected to have drafted a specific plan, setting a clear target and timeline to improve production quality and enhance pollutant emission standards to meet pollution control standards.
2019年10月底前，制定综合整治方案，统一时间表，提出具体治理任务，提高污染物排放标准，提升产业发展质量和环保治理水平。

加强排污许可管理

According to the plan, pollutant discharging licenses for construction material and furniture enterprises should be released by December.
2019年12月底前，完成人造板、家具等行业排污许可证核发工作。

高标准实施钢铁行业超低排放改造

Steel manufacturers in Hebei are required to achieve an extra-low emission transformation of 100 million tons by the end of the year, while the target in Shanxi over the same time frame is 15 million tons.
2019年12月底前，河北省完成钢铁行业超低排放改造1亿吨，山西省完成1500万吨。

有效推进清洁取暖

The plan also called for efforts to accelerate adjustment of the energy structure by effectively pushing clean heating and controlling coal consumption.
有效推进清洁取暖，控制煤炭消耗，加快调整能源结构。