2019年10月新闻热词汇总

塑料书皮 plastic book cover

近日，教育部办公厅等四部门印发“关于在中小学落实生态文明思想、增强生态环境意识”的通知。

According to the regulation, the Ministry of Education has asked all primary and middle schools, as well as all administrative departments under its jurisdiction, to ensure that students will not be required to protect their books with plastic covers, in an effort to achieve what the ministry is calling a “zero plastic back-to-school season.”
通知要求，中小学校和各级教育行政部门不得强制学生使用塑料书皮，努力实现“无塑开学季”。

通知称，使用塑料容易造成白色污染，有些不合格的塑料书皮含有甲醛（formaldehyde）和苯（benzene），对于儿童的神经系统和体格发育有影响（cause harm to children's nervous systems and physical development）。

各级教育行政部门和中小学校要在相关学科教学、课内课外活动以及学校管理各个环节中充分体现勤俭节约（practice frugality）、绿色低碳消费（green and low-carbon consumption），使学生切实增强生态环境意识（increase their awareness of ecological conservation）、提高生态环境保护能力。

It said market regulators should double efforts to identify substandard plastic products sold on campus and punish the producers.
通知要求，市场监管部门要对销售进入校园的不合格塑料产品加大查处力度。

地铁新规 new rules for subway riders

日前，交通运输部印发《城市轨道交通客运组织与服务管理办法》，明确了地铁客运服务、乘客行为规范等方面的具体要求。

The Ministry of Transport introduced a new regulation last week that bars passengers nationwide, with exceptions for infants and people with certain medical conditions, from eating or drinking in subway cars.
交通运输部上周发布了一项新规，在全国范围内禁止乘客在地铁车厢内进食，婴儿及病人除外。

The policy is scheduled to take effect on April 1 along with a raft of new conduct rules that will forbid subway riders from playing music or videos on speakers, lying down or stepping on seats, the ministry said.
交通运输部表示，该办法将于2020年4月1日起施行，明确了一系列新的行为规范，比如：禁止在地铁车厢内听音乐或看视频时外放声音、躺卧或踩踏座席等。

除了上述规定外，办法还明确了以下乘客行为规范：不得骑行平衡车、电动车（不包括残疾人助力车）、自行车（riding scooter, electricmobile or bicycle），使用滑板、溜冰鞋（using skateboard or roller skates）；不得随地吐痰（spitting）、便溺（relieving oneself）、乱吐口香糖（spitting chewing gum），乱扔果皮、纸屑等废弃物（littering）等。

办法同时明确，乘客不得在地铁内推销产品或从事营销活动（marketing activities），乞讨（begging）、卖艺（busking）及歌舞表演（singing and dancing），大声喧哗、吵闹（talking loudly or shouting）等。

China's rail transit system has developed rapidly in recent years, with 35 cities in 24 provinces having built subways as of the end of 2018. The combined length of subway lines reached 5,295 kilometers last year, with the number of subway trips standing at about 21.28 billion in 2018.
近年来，我国城市轨道交通快速发展。截至2018年底，我国内地共有24个省份的35个城市开通运营轨道交通，运营里程5295公里，2018年城市轨道交通客运量约212.8亿人次。

区块链技术应用 application of blockchain technology

中共中央政治局10月24日下午就区块链技术发展现状和趋势进行第十八次集体学习。中共中央总书记习近平在主持学习时强调，区块链技术的集成应用在新的技术革新和产业变革中起着重要作用，要加快推动区块链技术和产业创新发展。
Xi Jinping, general secretary of the Communist Party of China (CPC) Central Committee, has underscored the important role of blockchain technology in the new round of technological innovation and industrial transformation, urging more efforts to quicken development in the sector. Xi made the remarks Thursday while presiding over a group study session of the CPC Central Committee Political Bureau on the development and trend of blockchain technology.

【知识点】

工信部指导发布的《中国区块链技术和应用发展白皮书2016》对区块链技术的解释是：广义来讲，区块链技术是利用块链式数据结构来验证与存储数据、利用分布式节点共识算法来生成和更新数据、利用密码学的方式保证数据传输和访问的安全、利用由自动化脚本代码组成的智能合约来编程和操作数据的一种全新的分布式基础架构与计算范式。
简单地说，区块链就是一种去中心化的分布式账本数据库。去中心化，即与传统中心化的方式不同，这里是没有中心，或者说人人都是中心；分布式账本数据库，意味着记载方式不只是将账本数据存储在每个节点，而且每个节点会同步共享复制整个账本的数据。
区块链技术支撑的交易模式下，买家和卖家可直接交易，无需通过任何中介平台。买卖双方交易后，系统通过广播的形式发布交易信息，所有收到信息的主机在确认信息无误后记录下这笔交易，相当于所有的主机都为这次交易做了数据备份。这种数据存储结构具有透明、可追踪、不可篡改、数据安全等特点。

【重要讲话】

要推动协同攻关，加快推进核心技术突破，为区块链应用发展提供安全可控的技术支撑。要加强区块链标准化研究，提升国际话语权和规则制定权。
Coordinated key-task tackling should be advanced and breakthroughs in key technologies should be accelerated to provide safe and controllable technological support for blockchain development and its application. Research on the standardization of blockchain should be stepped up to increase China's influence and rule-making power in the global arena.
——2019年10月24日，习近平在中央政治局第十八次集体学习时强调

第二届中国国际进口博览会 the second China International Import Expo (CIIE)

President Xi Jinping will deliver a keynote speech at the opening ceremony of the second China International Import Expo (CIIE) on November 5 in Shanghai, Vice Minister of Commerce Wang Bingnan announced Tuesday.
商务部副部长王炳南表示，国家主席习近平将于11月5日出席在上海举办的第二届中国国际进口博览会开幕式并发表主旨演讲。

王炳南指出，在各有关方面的共同努力下，目前第二届中国国际进口博览会国家展（country exhibitions）、企业展（business exhibitions）和第二届虹桥国际经济论坛（the second Hongqiao International Economic Forum）各项筹备工作已基本就绪。

国家展

Covering a total area of 30,000 square meters, the country exhibitions will host 64 countries (including China) and three international organizations, with uniquely designed pavilions to showcase the countries' development achievements, business environment and special industries.
国家展总展览面积3万平方米，集中展示各国发展成就、营商环境和特色产业。各国家馆的形象设计独具本国特色，共有64个国家（含中国）、3个国际组织参展。

The 15 guest countries of honor are Cambodia, the Czech Republic, France, Greece, India, Italy, Jamaica, Jordan, Kazakhstan, Malaysia, Peru, Russia, Thailand, Uzbekistan, and Zambia.
15个主宾国（按英文字母排序）分别是柬埔寨、捷克、法国、希腊、印度、意大利、牙买加、约旦、哈萨克斯坦、马来西亚、秘鲁、俄罗斯、泰国、乌兹别克斯坦和赞比亚。

企业展

Covering 330,000 square meters, the business exhibitions have attracted more than 3,000 companies from over 150 countries and regions.
企业展总展览面积33万平方米，来自150多个国家和地区的3000多家企业签约参展。

第二届虹桥国际经济论坛

The second Hongqiao International Economic Forum, under the theme of "Opening-up and Innovation for Win-win Cooperation," will include five parallel sessions and is expected to attract over 4,000 delegates.
第二届虹桥国际经济论坛主题为“开放创新、合作共赢”，包括5场分论坛，预计将有4000多名代表参会。

The scale of the second CIIE is larger than the first one, with the total exhibition area rising to 360,000 square meters from 300,000 square meters last year.
第二届进博会的规模比第一届更大。首届展览总面积30万平方米，今年达到36万平方米。

Although the area for business exhibitions has been expanded twice, there are still companies failing to get a place.
其中企业展的面积两次扩大，仍然“一展难求”。

【知识点】

中国国际进口博览会，是迄今为止世界上第一个以进口为主题的国家级展会，是国际贸易发展史上一大创举。举办中国国际进口博览会，是中国着眼于推动新一轮高水平对外开放作出的重大决策，是中国主动向世界开放市场的重大举措。这体现了中国支持多边贸易体制、推动发展自由贸易的一贯立场，是中国推动建设开放型世界经济、支持经济全球化的实际行动。
The CIIE is the world’s first import expo held at the national level, an innovation in the history of global trade. It is an important decision made by China to pursue a new round of high-level opening-up, and is China’s major initiative to still widen market access to the rest of the world. It demonstrates China’s consistent position of supporting the multilateral trading system and promoting free trade. It is a concrete action by China to advance an open world economy and support economic globalization.

学生减负 cut workloads for kids

10月28日，浙江省教育厅发布《浙江省中小学生减负工作实施方案（征求意见稿）》，面向社会公众公开征求意见。

Fourteen departments in Zhe­jiang recently introduced the guideline which contains 33 detailed measures aimed at schools, after-school training institutions, parents and education authorities to help reduce students' academic burden.
该方案由浙江14个部门联合起草，针对学校、课外培训机构、家长及教育管理部门列出33项具体举措，帮助学生减负。

The guideline allows primary school students to leave their homework unfinished after 9 pm, and middle school students at 10 pm, with parents' approval.
方案明确，在家长同意的情况下，小学生晚9点、初中生晚10点后可以不做作业。

While no parents want to see their children yawning while overwhelmed with homework, many worry that if schools reduce homework assignments, make tests easier and downgrade the importance of scores, it is the parents who must provide their children with more extracurricular learning to help them stand out from their peers. This is because the all-important national college entrance examination, or gaokao, is not going away anytime soon.
虽说没有家长愿意看到自己的孩子熬夜赶作业，但是很多家长也担心，如果学校减少作业，降低考试难度以及分数的重要性，家长就得通过课外补习来帮助孩子在竞争中脱颖而出。因为最重要的高考在短期内是不可能取消的。

5G商用 commercialization of 5G services

China officially kicked off commercialization of 5G services on Thursday, with the nation's big three telecom operators rolling out their 5G data plans.
10月31日，我国正式启动5G商用，三大电信运营商推出各自的5G套餐。

By the end of this year, more than 130,000 5G base stations will enter into service to support the network, marking one of the world's largest 5G deployments.
到今年年底，将有13万个5G基站投入运营对5G网络提供支持，成为世界上最大规模的5G设备部署。

中国移动、中国电信、中国联通正式发布各自的5G套餐，5G基础套餐最低从128元起，最高至599元，套餐中包含移动流量从30GB到300GB不等。

（中国日报网英语点津 Helen）