2020年5月新闻热词汇总

视频连线 video link

国务院总理李克强5月13日主持召开国务院常务会议，部署做好今年全国两会期间各部门听取全国人大代表和政协委员意见建议工作。

Given the need for continued COVID-19 containment, the meeting called for adopting new ways for taking in views and suggestions of national legislators and political advisors, including via video-link, phone calls and the internet. These views and suggestions would help the government to learn more about the situation on the ground, especially the hopes of market players and the general public.
考虑到目前仍处于疫情常态化防控的特殊情况，会议提出要创新听取代表和委员意见建议的方式，通过视频、电话、网络等了解代表和委员反映的实情，尤其是市场主体和人民群众的期盼。

根据全国两会有关安排，会议确定，

Officials of government departments concerned will attend through video link the break-out sessions of NPC deputies to deliberate on the government work report. The departments are required to study carefully and provide feedback to the views and suggestions within their respective purview.
统一安排有关部门通过视频连线，旁听全国人大代表审议政府工作报告的各个小组会议直播，全程听取意见建议。对涉及本部门职责的，各部门要认真研究并作出答复。

The meeting directed each government department to set up a special task force headed by its leading official and a hot-line for national legislators and political advisors operated by designated staff members. Content of these calls should be duly taken down and the subject matters addressed and responded to before the two sessions close.
各部门均要成立由部门负责同志牵头的两会工作专班，设置代表和委员热线电话，安排专人值守接听。对代表和委员来电认真记录，在大会闭幕前予以说明和答复。

The State Council General Office is required to comb through the minutes of the meetings of national legislators and political advisors and carefully study all the views and suggestions concerning the government work. Where actions are called for, the General Office should swiftly bring the relevant issues to the attention of the competent departments, and see to it that replies are made.
国务院办公厅要收集和梳理全国人大、全国政协会议简报中涉及政府工作的事项，认真研究代表和委员提出的意见建议，对需要办理的要及时转交相关部门办理，并督促做好反馈答复。

高校毕业生直招士官 recruiting university graduates for non-commissioned officer roles

国防部征兵办公室表示，2020年从普通高校毕业生中直接招收士官工作全面展开。

China's military is recruiting university graduates for non-commissioned officer roles for the first time, according to the recruiting office of the Ministry of National Defense. Online applications will open at the agency's official website www.gfbzb.gov.cn on Friday for those who wish to be enlisted into the armed forces.
国防部征兵办公室今年将首次面向全国普通高校毕业生直接招收士官，全国征兵网（http://www.gfbzb.gov.cn）将于5月15日开通直招士官网上报名窗口。

据了解，士官招收专业涉及计算机、道路运输（road transport）、自动化（automation）、通信（communications）、机电设备（electromechanical equipment）、机械设计制造（mechanical design and manufacturing）、医学技术（medical technology）、语言（language studies）等专业。招收对象为普通高校毕业生（college graduates），所学专业符合今年部队提报的岗位需求，优先招收高校应届毕业生（fresh college graduates）。

国防部征兵办公室表示，

The non-commissioned officers will be recruited simultaneously with the recruitment of compulsory service personnel this year. This will be running from Aug 1 to Sept 30.
今年直招士官工作将与下半年义务兵征集同步展开，8月1日开始，9月30日结束。

【知识点：士官和义务兵有何区别】

我军现役士兵按兵役性质分为义务兵役制士兵和志愿兵役制士兵。义务兵役制士兵称为义务兵（compulsory serviceman），志愿兵役制士兵称为士官（non-commissioned officer）。士官属于士兵军衔序列，但不同于义务兵役制士兵，是士兵中的骨干。义务兵实行供给制，发给津贴（allowance），士官实行工资制（pay plans）和定期增资制度（regular pay rise）。目前部队面向高校毕业生既招收士官，也招收义务兵，这是两个不同兵役性质的士兵系列。（来源：全国征兵网）

心形纪念币 heart-shaped commemorative coins

中国人民银行定于5月20日发行2020吉祥文化金银纪念币一套。

The set includes six coins: two gold, three silver and one gold-silver bimetallic, all legal tender, the People's Bank of China said on its website.
据中国人民银行网站介绍，该套纪念币共6枚，其中金质纪念币2枚，银质纪念币3枚，金银双金属纪念币1枚，均为中华人民共和国法定货币。

Chinese characters Jixiang, meaning auspiciousness, dominates the obverse of the coins, while the reverse sides are decorated with traditional patterns such as cranes, lilies and goldfish, all symbols of auspiciousness and fortune.
该套纪念币正面图案均为“吉祥”文字造型，背面有鹤、百合、金鱼等代表吉祥富贵的传统装饰图案。

值得注意的是，6枚纪念币中有心形纪念币（heart-shaped commemorative coins）两枚，3克心形金质纪念币背面图案为新娘、百合、窗棂等组合图案，并刊“百年好合”字样及面额；30克心形银质纪念币背面图案为百合与同心锁等组合图案，并刊“百年好合”字样及面额。

平均工资 average salary

日前，国家统计局发布2019年城镇非私营单位、城镇私营单位和规模以上企业分岗位就业人员年平均工资情况。

In non-private sectors, urban employees' inflation-adjusted real growth of the average salary rose by 6.8 percent to 90,501 yuan, according to data from the National Bureau of Statistics.
国家统计局的数据显示，全国城镇非私营单位就业人员年平均工资为90501元，根据通胀调整后比上年实际增长6.8%。

In private sectors, the annual average salary stood at 53,604 yuan, up 5.2 percent year on year after deducting price factors.
城镇私营单位就业人员年平均工资为53604元，扣除价格因素后比上年实际增长5.2%。

国家统计局人口和就业统计司副司长孟灿文说，2019年，我国经济运行总体平稳、稳中有进（achieve stability with steady progress），就业形势保持稳定（stable employment situation），全国城镇单位就业人员平均工资稳步增长。

哪些行业工资高？

在非私营单位中，共有6个行业年平均收入超过10万元，包括信息传输、软件和信息技术服务业（information transmission, software and information technology service），金融业（finance），科学研究和技术服务业（scientific research and technology service），卫生和社会工作（health and social work），电力、热力、燃气及水生产供应业（power, heat, gas and water supply），文化、体育和娱乐业（culture, sport and recreation sector）。

哪些行业工资增长快？

Employees engaging in scientific research, higher education and information sectors saw steady rises in their average wage, while workers related to public services and consumption upgrade witnessed faster salary raises.
科学研究、高等教育以及信息行业的就业人员平均工资稳步上涨，与公共服务和消费升级相关的行业平均工资较快增长。

量化指标 quantitative targets

国务院5月19日对外公布2019年《政府工作报告》量化指标任务落实情况表，38项指标任务均已完成。

国内生产总值 GDP

The 2019 government work report set a target of 6 to 6.5 percent of gross domestic product (GDP) growth from the previous year.
2019年《政府工作报告》提出国内生产总值增长6%-6.5%的目标。

Last year, China's GDP reached 99.09 trillion yuan (about 13.98 trillion U.S. dollars), up 6.1 percent from the previous year, in line with the annual target.
去年国内生产总值达990865亿元，比上年增长6.1%，符合年度预期目标。

就业 employment

The report aimed to create more than 11 million urban jobs in 2019 and keep the registered urban unemployment rate within 4.5 percent.
报告提出，2019年城镇新增就业1100万人以上，城镇登记失业率4.5%以内。

Both targets were met, as about 13.52 million urban jobs were created last year and the registered urban unemployment rate stood at 3.62 percent.
去年全国城镇新增就业1352万人，城镇登记失业率为3.62%，完成年度目标。

减税降费 tax cut and fee reduction

The report proposed axing businesses' burden in taxes and social security payment by nearly 2 trillion yuan in 2019. It also aimed to bring the tax rate down to 13 percent from 16 percent in sectors such as manufacturing.
报告提出，2019年减轻企业税收和社保缴费负担近2万亿元，制造业等行业现行16%的税率降至13%。

Last year's tax cut and fee reduction exceeded 2.3 trillion yuan, and the 16-percent tax rate in industries such as manufacturing went down to 13 percent.
去年全年减税降费超过2.3万亿元，制造业等行业现行16%的税率降至13%。

民生 people's livelihood

The report aimed to lift more than 10 million rural people out of poverty, build and renovate 200,000 kilometers of rural roads, and cut the average charge for mobile network traffic by more than 20 percent.
报告明确，2019年减少农村贫困人口1000万以上、新建改建农村公路20万公里、移动网络流量平均资费再降低20%以上。

In 2019, China lifted 11.09 million rural people out of poverty, built and renovated 290,000 kilometers of rural roads, and cut the average charge for mobile network traffic by 41 percent from the previous year.
去年全国农村贫困人口减少1109万人、新建改建农村公路29万公里、移动网络流量平均资费较上年降低41%。

环保 environmental protection

The report set targets that emissions of sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides will drop by 3 percent, while chemical oxygen demand and ammonia nitrogen emissions will shrink by 2 percent in 2019.
报告明确，2019年二氧化硫、氮氧化物排放量下降3%，化学需氧量、氨氮排放量下降2%。

It turned out that the emissions of sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides went down by 4.4 percent and 3.5 percent respectively, while chemical oxygen demand and ammonia nitrogen emissions shrank by 3.2 percent and 3.3 percent respectively last year from the previous year.
去年全国二氧化硫、氮氧化物排放量分别下降4.4%和3.5%，化学需氧量、氨氮排放量分别下降3.2%和3.3%。

38项指标任务还包括中央财政一般性支出（the general expenditure of the central government）压减5%以上、“三公”经费（ spending on official overseas visits, official vehicles, and official hospitality）再压减3%左右等，这些任务均已完成。

行李全流程跟踪 whole-journey luggage tracking

近日，民航局宣布民航行李全流程跟踪系统试点航线试点成功。

China has started a pilot project for whole-journey luggage tracking systems at six major airports, according to the Civil Aviation Administration of China (CAAC). These airports include Beijing Capital International Airport, Beijing Daxing International Airport, and Shanghai Hongqiao, Guangzhou Baiyun, Shenzhen Bao'an and Chongqing Jiangbei airports.
民航局表示，我国已经在六家大型机场启动行李全流程跟踪系统试点。这六家机场包括北京首都国际机场，北京大兴国际机场，上海虹桥、广州白云、深圳宝安以及重庆江北机场。

【单词讲解】

在机场提取行李的时候，我们经常会看到baggage claim或者luggage claim这样的标识牌，由此可见这两个词在表示“行李”的时候是可以互相替换使用的，只不过baggage这个词在美式英语中更加常用。此外，baggage这个词还可以用来表示无形的“精神包袱”，比如，emotional baggage（情绪负担）、personal baggage（个人负担）等，而luggage则没有这一层意思。

目前，旅客可以通过上述试点机场官方APP、微信小程序、航显屏和自助查询机等多种途径，对进出港行李进行全程追踪（whole-journey tracking）。旅客只要通过输入行李牌号码、身份证号或扫描行李条码等方式，便可查询到托运（check-in）、安检（security check）、分拣（sorting）、装车运输（truck loading）、装机（aircraft loading）、到达（luggage arrival）等多个行李节点，实时掌握行李轨迹（realtime tracking）。

民航局于2020年1月在上海组织召开了民航行李全流程跟踪系统试点工作启动会，明确了“连点成线、连线成网、逐步实现”的项目实施思路和方案。

According to a three-step plan, by the end of 2021, the CAAC will push forward the application of whole-journey luggage tracking on all domestic air routes in mega airports with an annual passenger throughput of at least 10 million. By the end of 2025, the service will be applied on all domestic air routes, and extend to some international routes, according to the plan.
根据“三步走”战略，2021年年底全国千万级机场间国内航线将实现行李全流程跟踪，2025年年底将实现国内航线全覆盖和国际航线有突破。

As of mid-May, three air routes and six major airports across the country were capable of providing services for passengers to track luggage during their whole journey, said the CAAC.
民航局介绍，截至5月中旬，全国已有三条航线、六家机场（即“三线六点”）能够为旅客提供行李全流程追踪服务。