2021年7月新闻热词汇总

循环经济 circular economy

China unveiled a plan to promote circular economy for the next five years on July 7, aiming to basically establish a resources recycling system in the country by 2025 as part of efforts to achieve carbon peak and neutrality goals.
为推动实现碳达峰、碳中和，7月7日，我国发布《"十四五"循环经济发展规划》。《规划》提到，预计到 2025 年，资源循环型产业体系基本建立。

China will follow the Thought on Ecological Civilization and implement the new development philosophy. We will aim to achieve greener economic and social development in all aspects, with a special focus on developing green and low-carbon energy. We will continue to prioritize ecological conservation and pursue a green and low-carbon path to development.

中国以生态文明思想为指导，贯彻新发展理念，以经济社会发展全面绿色转型为引领，以能源绿色低碳发展为关键，坚持走生态优先、绿色低碳的发展道路。

基层治理体系和治理能力现代化 modernization of the system and capacity for primary-level governance

The Communist Party of China Central Committee and the State Council have released a plan on modernizing the system and capacity for primary-level governance. Measures should be adapted to local conditions and implemented step by step, while power should be delegated to primary-level governments and their burden should be reduced, the plan says.
中共中央、国务院日前发布了《关于加强基层治理体系和治理能力现代化建设的意见》。《意见》指出，应坚持因地制宜，分步实施，向基层放权赋能，减轻基层负担。

外贸新业态新模式 new forms and models of foreign trade

China's State Council has released guidelines on accelerating the development of new forms and models of foreign trade. China's Ministry of Commerce on July 12 pledged on a press conference to actively expand the integrated pilot zones for cross-border e-commerce to cultivate new competitive edges in foreign trade.
《国务院办公厅关于加快发展外贸新业态新模式的意见》近日发布。商务部在7月12日的吹风会上表示，将扎实推进跨境电商综合试验区建设，培育外贸竞争新优势。

思想政治工作 ideological and political work

China has released a guideline to strengthen and improve its ideological and political work. The document, issued by the Communist Party of China Central Committee and the State Council, stressed that ideological and political work is the CPC's fine tradition, one of the outstanding strengths that the Party enjoys, and the lifeline for all work. It has a significant bearing on the Party's future, the country's long-term law and order, and the unity and cohesion of the Chinese nation, the guideline said.
中共中央、国务院近日印发《关于新时代加强和改进思想政治工作的意见》。《意见》指出，思想政治工作是党的优良传统、鲜明特色和突出政治优势，是一切工作的生命线。加强和改进思想政治工作，事关党的前途命运，事关国家长治久安，事关民族凝聚力和向心力。

社会主义现代化建设引领区 pioneer area for socialist modernization

China issued a guideline to support high-level reform and opening-up of the Pudong New Area in Shanghai. The guideline was jointly released by the Communist Party of China Central Committee and the State Council, and listed measures to build Pudong into a pioneer area for socialist modernization.
《中共中央 国务院关于支持浦东新区高水平改革开放打造社会主义现代化建设引领区的意见》近日发布。

China will promote high-level reform and opening-up in Pudong to provide an important channel for making better use of domestic and international markets and resources, according to the guideline. Pudong is positioned as a central node of the domestic circulation and a strategic link of China's new development paradigm of "dual circulation," and is expected to play a better role in leading and stimulating the integrated development of the Yangtze River Delta.
意见指出，推动浦东高水平改革开放，为更好利用国内国际两个市场两种资源提供重要通道，构建国内大循环的中心节点和国内国际双循环的战略链接，在长三角一体化发展中更好发挥龙头辐射作用。

旗手 flag-bearer

Women's volleyball team skipper Zhu Ting and taekwondo athlete Zhao Shuai have been named as the Chinese delegation's flag-bearers at the opening ceremony of the Tokyo Olympic Games, the Chinese Olympic Committee (COC) announced in a statement posted on its social media account late on Saturday.
7月17日晚，中国奥林匹克委员会在其社交媒体账号发文称，女排运动员朱婷、跆拳道运动员赵帅将担任东京奥运会开幕式中国体育代表团旗手。

【词汇讲解】

“旗手”，根据不同的语言风格要求英文可以写作flag-bearer、flagbearer或者flag bearer，多指“a person who is responsible for carrying the flag of their country at a ceremony, particularly at the opening or closing of an international sports contest”（在某个仪式，尤其是国际体育赛事的开闭幕式，负责承举本国国旗的人）。此外，flagbearer还表示“某个活动或运动的领袖人物”，比如： He intends to become the next flagbearer for the party（他的意向是成为该党的下一任领袖）。

朱婷是我国著名排球运动员，随队夺得了2015年女排世界杯、2016年里约奥运会和2019年女排世界杯冠军，还多次在国际排坛的重要赛事中当选最有价值球员（Most Valuable Player），被誉为“MVP收割机”。

对于担任中国体育代表团旗手，朱婷表示：

I really appreciate the trust from our Chinese delegation. It's a huge honor for me to be named the flag-bearer, and great responsiblity too. I feel greatly motivated by it.
感谢代表团对女排、对我的肯定与信任。担任旗手是一份荣誉，也是一份责任，让我更有动力，去做好每一天、走好每一步。

Watching our national flag hoisted along with the national anthem is always my goal, and that of the Chinese women's volleyball team as well.
我们的目标还是升国旗、奏国歌。

另一位旗手赵帅是中国男子跆拳道领军人物。

Zhao made history by winning China's first Olympic gold in men's taekwondo when he triumphed in the 58kg category at the Rio Olympics.
2016年，赵帅获得里约奥运会跆拳道男子58公斤级冠军，实现中国男子跆拳道奥运会金牌“零的突破”。

国际奥委会鼓励各国代表团设男女旗手

The International Olympic Committee (IOC) said in a joint statement with the International Paralympic Committee (IPC), the Tokyo 2020 Organising Committee, the Government of Japan and the Tokyo Metropolitan Government (TMG) that all 206 National Olympic Committees (NOCs) and the IOC Refugee Olympic Team will be encouraged to have their flag carried by one female and one male athlete at the opening ceremony.
国际奥委会、国际残奥委会与东京奥组委、日本政府以及东京都政府发表联合声明，鼓励206个国家的奥委会以及难民代表团在奥运会开幕式上派出男、女各一名运动员作为旗手。

The IOC also requests all 206 National Olympic Committees (NOCs) for the first time ever to have at least one female and one male athlete in their respective Olympic teams.
国际奥委会同时首次要求全部206个参赛代表团中至少有一名男性运动员和一名女性运动员。

【奥运新闻】

7月14日晚，东京奥组委公布了东京奥运会开闭幕式的理念，均只以英文发布。

其中，开幕式理念与奥运会和残奥会口号相同，为“United by Emotion”，中文意为“情同与共”；闭幕式理念为“Worlds we share”，中文意为“我们共享的世界”。

至于为什么是“United by Emotion”，东京奥组委的解释是：

The world is made up of people who are different ages and nationalities and come from all walks of life, and now, due to the pandemic, we are physically separated. This is why, Tokyo 2020 wants everyone to experience the same excitement, joy, and at times disappointment, through the athletes’ competitive performances.

世界是由不同年龄、不同国籍、来自各行各业的人们组成的。现在，由于新冠疫情，我们在地理上被隔离。这就是为什么东京2020奥运会希望每个人都能通过运动员的竞技表现体验同样的兴奋、喜悦或是失望。

东京奥组委还公布了东京奥运会和残奥会全部开闭幕仪式的共同口号，为“Moving Forward”，中文意为“前进”，表达了奥林匹克运动和残奥运动克服困难、带领全人类走出疫情的决心。

人均可支配收入 per capita disposable income

近日，国家统计局更新了31省份2021年上半年居民人均可支配收入数据，并发布了上半年31省份居民人均消费支出数据。

China's per capita disposable income stood at 17,642 yuan in the first half of the year, up 12.6 percent from the same period last year in nominal terms, official data showed. After deducting price factors, per capita disposable income rose 12 percent year on year.
官方数据显示，上半年，全国居民人均可支配收入17642元，同比名义增长12.6%。扣除价格因素影响，实际增长12%。

【知识点】

居民可支配收入（disposable income），指居民可用于最终消费支出和储蓄（consumption expenditures and savings）的总和，即居民可用于自由支配的收入，既包括现金收入，也包括实物收入。

国家统计局表示，

The higher growth rate was mainly affected by the low base in the first half of last year.
增幅较高，主要是受去年上半年低基数影响。

Separately, urban per capita disposable income came in at 24,125 yuan, up 11.4 percent in nominal terms, and 10.7 percent in real terms, while income in rural areas stood at 9,248 yuan, up 14.6 percent in nominal terms, and 14.1 percent in real terms.
分城乡看，城镇居民人均可支配收入24125元，同比名义增长11.4%，扣除价格因素，实际增长10.7%；农村居民人均可支配收入9248元，同比名义增长14.6%，扣除价格因素，实际增长14.1%。

居民消费支出情况

Chinese per capita nominal consumer spending rose 18 percent year on year to 11,471 yuan in the first half of the year. After factoring in price levels, spending went up 17.4 percent year on year.
上半年，全国居民人均消费支出11471元，比上年同期名义增长18.0%，扣除价格因素，实际增长17.4%。

Besides Shanghai and Beijing, seven other provinces and municipalities, including Zhejiang, Tianjin, Guangdong, Jiangsu, Fujian, Chongqing and Hubei, have all registered higher consumer spending than the national average.
上海、北京、浙江、天津、广东、江苏、福建、重庆、湖北9省份人均消费超全国平均水平。

具体来看，上海、北京人均消费均超2万元。其中上海最能花，人均消费23644元；北京紧随其后，人均消费21564元。

居民的钱都花在哪儿了？

居民消费支出（consumer spending）包括食品烟酒（food, tobacco and alcohol）、衣着（clothing）、居住（housing）、生活用品及服务（daily necessities and services）、交通通信（transportation and communication）、教育文化娱乐（education, culture and entertainment）、医疗保健（healthcare）以及其他用品及服务八大类。

In the first half of the year, per capita expenditure on food, tobacco and alcohol was 3,536 yuan, accounting for the largest proportion at 30.8% of the national per capita consumption expenditures.
上半年，全国居民人均消费支出中，食品烟酒消费人均花销达3536元；占比最高，为30.8%。

【词汇讲解】

在经济类以及数据统计类报道中，每当提及“人均”，我们就会看到per capita这个表达，其实这是一个拉丁语，表示“per person”（每人）。我们经常在报道中看到的相关表达有：人均国内生产总值（per capita gross domestic product）以及本文开头提到的“人均可支配收入”（ per capita disposable income）等。

Per capita living consumption in the first half of the year was 2,649 yuan, accounting for 23.1% of the per capita consumption expenditure, second to that of food, tobacco and alcohol.
上半年人均居住消费支出2649元，占人均消费支出的比重为23.1%，人均消费支出占比仅次于食品烟酒。

Spending on education, culture and entertainment remained the fastest-growing area in per capita expenditures, with an increase of 68.5 percent year-on-year, far more than other sectors.
教育文化娱乐消费的增长最快，增速68.5%；遥遥领先于其他支出类别。

郑州暴雨 torrential rain in Zhengzhou

7月17日以来，河南出现持续性强降水天气，全省大部出现暴雨、大暴雨，强降水主要集中在西部、北部和中部地区，郑州、焦作、新乡等10地市出现特大暴雨。

A total of 99 people have been killed in the torrential rains in the downtown area of Zhengzhou, the provincial capital of central China's Henan province, the local government said. The accumulated rainfall reached 449 mm on average in Zhengzhou from 6 pm Sunday to midnight Tuesday.
河南省政府表示，截至目前，暴雨已造成郑州市区99人死亡。7月18日18时至21日0时，郑州累积平均降水量达449毫米。

【知识点】

从气象上来说，24小时降水量（24-hour precipitation）为50毫米或以上的雨称为“暴雨”（rainstorm/ downpour/ torrential rain）。特大暴雨是一种灾害性天气（disastrous weather），往往造成“洪涝灾害”（flood），在山区还会引发“山体滑坡”（landslide）和“泥石流”（debris flow）。Landslide（山体滑坡）是暴雨使山体不堪重负，由山体薄弱地带断开整体下滑，而debris flow（泥石流）是暴雨使沙土石达到水饱和，在重力的作用下液化的泥沙石向低洼处流动。

Zhengzhou received average precipitation of 457.5 mm within 24 hours to 5 pm Tuesday, the highest daily rainfall since the weather record began. The city also reported record-high hourly precipitation of 201.9 mm between 4 pm and 5 pm on Tuesday, the Henan provincial meteorological center said.
河南省气象中心表示，截至7月20日17时，郑州24小时平均降雨量457.5毫米，超过有气象记录以来极值。7月20日16-17时，郑州降雨量达201.9毫米，超过我国陆地小时降雨量极值。

Rainstorms caused severe waterlogging, traffic disruptions, and power outages in Zhengzhou.
暴雨导致郑州市区出现严重内涝，交通受到严重影响，电力中断。

【词汇讲解】

Waterlog在词典中的解释是to cause (a boat, ship, etc.) to become uncontrollable as a result of flooding（船只等被水淹后失控）或者to become saturated with water（被水浸透），在这里的语境下表示很多地方都被水淹了。在暴雨中被淹的车辆我们可以用waterlogged vehicles表示，即“涉水车辆”。

More than 160 trains stopped services at Zhengzhoudong Railway Station, stranding a large number of passengers.
郑州东站160余趟列车停运，造成大量旅客滞留。

The severe waterlogging has led to the virtual paralysis of the city's road traffic. Over 80 bus lines have been suspended, more than 100 temporarily detoured, and the subway service has also been temporarily suspended.
严重内涝导致郑州路面交通基本瘫痪。80多条公交线路停运，100多条线路临时绕行，地铁暂停运营。

Both Henan provincial and Zhengzhou municipal flood control and drought relief headquarters have raised the emergency response for meteorological disasters to level I.
河南省和郑州市防汛抗旱总指挥部均将防汛应急响应级别提升为Ⅰ级。

China’s central government has upgraded the nationwide flood control emergency response level from Level III to Level II at 3:00 am Wednesday local time, according to the relevant provisions of the State Emergency Plan for Flood Control and Drought Relief.
根据《国家防汛抗旱应急预案》有关规定，国家防总决定于7月21日3时将防汛Ⅲ级应急响应提升至Ⅱ级。