2021年7月新闻热词汇总

南京疫情 COVID-19 cases in Nanjing

7月27日，江苏省南京市召开新闻发布会，据南京市疾控中心副主任丁洁介绍，从测序完成的病例看，目前引起南京疫情的毒株是德尔塔毒株（Delta variant）。

【知识点】

今年5月，针对变异毒株难念难写又难记的问题，同时也为了避免将毒株和地名联系在一起产生的污名化问题，世界卫生组织建议用希腊字母表来给新冠变种毒株重新命名（new names for Coronavirus variants using letters from the Greek alphabet）。

截至2021年5月31日，世卫组织已经给6个待观察变种（Variant of Interest）和4个须关切变种（Variant of Concern）指定了名字。这4个值得关注的变种分别被命名为Alpha（又名为B.1.1.7，首次在英国发现）、Beta（B.1.351，首次在南非发现）、Gamma（P.1，首次在巴西发现）和Delta（B.1.617.2，首次在印度发现）。

Nanjing has added more than 100 locally transmitted COVID-19 cases since a few airport workers tested positive for coronavirus last week.
自上周南京机场几位工作人员新冠病毒检测阳性以来，该市本土新增新冠肺炎病例已超过100例。

南京本轮疫情近日病例不但持续增加，而且出现了外溢效应，已关联广东、辽宁、安徽、江苏以及四川共5省。

So far, the virus cluster in Nanjing has involved airport workers and their contacts, but new infections were also reported among flight passengers in other parts of China who have visited the Nanjing airport.
到目前为止，南京的聚集性感染主要涉及机场工作人员及其接触人群，不过在其他省市报告的新增病例中也有曾经到过南京机场的飞机乘客。

South China's Guangdong province last Thursday reported a new locally transmitted asymptomatic carrier, a flight passenger returning from Nanjing.
广东省上周四（7月22日）报告的一例本土新增无症状感染者就是从南京回去的飞机乘客。

Sichuan province in southwest China on Saturday also reported a confirmed COVID-19 case in the city of Mianyang, after it launched mass testing among travelers from Nanjing.
四川省绵阳市对从南京相关人员进行检测后，于上周六（7月24日）报告了一例确诊病例。

On Monday, northeast China's Liaoning province reported three asymptomatic cases in the city of Dalian, who had transited via the airport and spent around two hours there.
本周一（7月26日）辽宁省大连市报告的三例无症状感染者之前曾在南京机场转机，在那里停留了2个小时。

对于近期病例报告增幅较大，丁洁解释说，

The recent spike in infections in the city can be attributed to the special location of the outbreak and the highly contagious nature of the strain.
近期感染病例增幅较大一是因为此次疫情暴发场所具有特殊性，二是因为德尔塔变异病毒传播能力强。

南京搭建6座“猎鹰号”气膜实验室

Nanjing started building six "Falcon" testing labs on Sunday. Three of the labs went into operation on Monday morning, and the others were completed by the end of Tuesday.
7月25日，南京开始搭建6座“猎鹰号”气膜实验室，其中3座气膜实验室已于7月26日搭建完成，开始检测工作，余下3座气膜实验室于27日搭建完成。

When all six labs are in use, 180,000 sample tubes can be tested daily, and if mixed sample tests are carried out, 1.8 million people can be screened every day.
6座气膜实验室全部投入使用后，每日可检测18万管，如果是进行混检，每日可筛检180万人次。

南京进一步升级了疫情防控措施

Closed-loop management will be imposed for airport staff members. Other workers, such as salespeople and servers at the airport's restaurants, will be quarantined.
对机场工作人员实行闭环管理，对机场商铺销售人员以及餐馆服务员进行隔离。

The operations of offline after-school training institutions will be suspended, along with those of karaoke lounges, cinemas, nightclubs and gymnasiums, Nanjing's city government said.
暂停KTV、电影院、健身房、酒吧等密闭场所营业，暂停培训机构（含托管）线下服务。

All drugstores in Nanjing will suspend the sale of antibiotics and drugs for cough, fever and fighting viruses, both online and offline, it said.
全市零售药店暂停向市民销售（含网络销售）退热、止咳、抗病毒和抗生素等“四类药品”。

All the city's communities and villages have been ordered to adopt strict controls. Anyone entering communities or villages must have their temperature checked, present a green QR code and wear a mask.
市内所有社区（村）实行严格管控，进出人员一律实行测温、验码、佩戴口罩等措施。

目前，南京全城已经开展了2轮全员核酸检测（mass nucleic acid test），有的重点区域开展了3轮。

丁洁提醒广大南京市民，一旦出现发热（fever）、乏力（fatigue）、干咳（cough），嗅觉、味觉减退（reduced sense of taste and smell）等症状，一定要去就近的发热门诊就诊，及时做好核酸检测。

人脸识别 facial recognition

近年来，人脸识别技术在社会生活中得到广泛运用，随之而来的纠纷也日益增多。近日公布的《最高人民法院关于审理使用人脸识别技术处理个人信息相关民事案件适用法律若干问题的规定》，进一步明确这些热点问题的适用法律，为维护个人信息安全增添保障。

Shops installing face-scanning systems to gather consumers' data without their permission and software operators forcing users to give their facial information will be in violation of people's personality rights, the document said.
规定指出，商家在未经同意的情况下擅自安装刷脸系统采集消费者人脸信息，软件运营商强迫用户提供人脸信息等行为均属于侵害自然人人格权益的行为。

【知识点】

根据民法典规定，人格权（personality rights）是民事主体享有的生命权、身体权、健康权、姓名权、名称权、肖像权、名誉权、隐私权（rights of one's life, human body, health, name,identity, image, reputation and privacy）等权利。

When online platforms or apps try to get the approval of users in processing their facial information, the specific clauses have to be presented to the users for special consideration rather than buried in the general terms of use, says the document.
网络平台或移动应用程序在征得个人同意时，必须就人脸信息处理活动单独取得个人的同意，不能通过一揽子告知同意等方式征得个人同意。

It also rules out the practice of forcing users to agree to facial recognition terms if they want to use their services, which do not rely on the access of facial information.
对于“不点击同意就不提供服务”等方式强迫用户同意处理其非必要人脸信息的，人民法院不予支持。

【词汇讲解】

这里的rule out是一个固定搭配的短语，表示“exclude; make impossible”，即“排除”，上文的规定是最高法出台的，所以这里的rule out其实包含“禁止”的意思。此外，在体育比赛中，rule out也可以用来表示“出局”，比如：The latest loss ruled him out of the final（他最近这次失利使他无缘决赛）。

For the situation where property management service enterprises set up facial recognition as the only verification method for people entering a property, the document says reasonable alternative methods must be provided for those who do not agree to use facial recognition.
对于部分小区物业将人脸识别作为出入小区的唯一验证方式的问题，规定明确，物业应为不同意使用人脸识别的使用人提供其他合理验证方式。

提前锁定冠亚军 ensure a one-two finish

7月29日，中国羽毛球混双两对选手在半决赛中均战胜对手，提前锁定该项目的金银牌。
China has ensured a one-two finish in badminton mixed doubles after two Chinese pairs beat their respective opponents in the semifinals on Thursday.

“Ensure a one-two finish”的意思就是确保了决赛中第一和第二名的位置，即“提前锁定金银牌（冠亚军）”。

同时，中国乒乓球女子单打选手陈梦和孙颖莎也在半决赛中战胜各自的对手，将于今晚会师决赛。
Chen Meng and Sun Yingsha beat their respective opponent in table tennis women's singles semifinals to set up an all-China clash late on Thursday.

这里的“set up an all-China clash”字面意思是“出现了全是中国选手的对决”，其实就是我们所说的“会师决赛”。

破防 overwhelmed

7月27日晚举行的女子体操团体决赛中，中国选手芦玉菲从杠上掉落。她站起来后第一句话是“可以再翻吗”。一句话让网友破防。

不难看出，“破防”又是该死的隐喻（metaphor），字面意思是“break through the defensive line”。在以上两处语境下，“破防”表达的意思也不难理解：moved to tears。

对一般英文学习者而言，以“moved to tears”来表达“破防”足矣。但是，从翻译角度而言，不妨提高一点点要求：能否找到一个英文单词，既稍微兼顾隐喻又传递意思？

文刀君认为常用词“overwhelm”就是一个不错的选择。

“overwhelm”可以表达“defeat completely/ gain complete control over（击溃、征服）”之意，比如，The rebels were overwhelmed by the army。

“overwhelm”亦常常用在诸多“情绪（emotions）”上，比如“be overwhelmed with joy 喜不自胜”，“be overwhelmed （by their support）深受感动”。

不妨以这句新闻标题为例：

“废墟获救婴儿的母亲遇难，她最后的姿势全网破防”。

英文可以这样说：

Netizens （are）overwhelmed by mother who died holding up her baby （in recent floods）

“overwhelm”是实践中的常用词，要会用，要用好。

除了“overwhelm”这种比较正经的书面和口语表达，文刀君再推荐一个国外年轻人常用的非正式用语：“(give someone so many) feels”。

先来看看美国网络俚语词典urbandictionary.com对“feels”的解释：

Feelings you get when something you read/see/hear/etc is just so touching and perfect.

在线词典dictionary.com 对“feels”的解释如下：

The slang term describes an overwhelming emotional reaction.

以“中国选手芦玉菲的话让网友破防了”为例，英文可以说：

Lu's remarks gave netizens so many feels.

张家界景区关闭 closure of scenic areas in Zhangjiajie

7月29日，多地陆续报告有张家界市旅居史的新冠病毒感染人员。当日，张家界市在新闻发布会上宣布，张家界所有景区景点于7月30日上午关闭。

Tourists are advised against going to Zhangjiajie in Central China's Hunan province as the city has become another key point of resurgence of COVID-19 epidemic spreading in China, according to local health authorities on Thursday.
张家界卫健委7月29日表示，该市已经成为新冠疫情另一个主要传播点，建议游客近期不要前往张家界。

All visitors in the city are urged to take a nucleic acid test for the virus and not to leave until they had the results.
目前在张家界的所有游客应进行核酸检测，结果出来之前不要离开该市。

7月20日以来，张家界市先后接到大连、成都等地推送的疫情相关通知和协查函6批次。

Three asymptomatic carriers were reported on Monday, and one confirmed case on Tuesday, in Dalian, Liaoning province.
7月26日，辽宁省大连市报告3例无症状感染者，7月27日，又报告1例确诊病例。

流调报告显示：

All four had been at the Charm Xiangxi Theater in the Wulingyuan scenic area on July 22, watching a show.
7月22日，上述四人都曾在武陵源风景名胜区魅力湘西剧场观看演出。

The three asymptomatic carriers flew to Zhangjiajie via Nanjing, Jiangsu province, on July 17. They stayed at Lukou International Airport for around two hours for flight transfer.
7月17日，上述3例无症状感染者经江苏南京飞抵张家界，他们曾在南京禄口国际机场转机时停留2小时。

7月28日晚，张家界发布《关于魅力湘西疫情防控情况通告》。

Zhangjiajie health authorities said that all audience members who watched the performance from 6 pm to 7 pm on July 22 are at high risk of coronavirus infection and should report to their residential community or local disease control and prevention centers for immediate testing.
张家界卫健委表示，7月22日晚18点至19点时段魅力湘西所有观众属于高风险人群，应立即向当地社区或疾控机构报告并配合检测。

The Charm Xiangxi Theater, which can accommodate an audience of around 2,800, has been closed for a week starting on Wednesday. People who bought tickets for the week ahead can get refunds.
能容纳约2800名观众的魅力湘西剧场自7月28日起关闭一周，已购票人员可以办理退票。

张家界市已于7月28日启动对武陵源区、永定城区及慈利县三官寺土家族乡实现全员核酸检测。

As of 6 pm on Thursday, samples from 226,014 people had been collected, and one of the samples tested positive.
截至7月29日18点，已完成采样226014份，其中1例为阳性。

So far，at least 19 people from outside Zhangjiajie－four in Liaoning province, five in Sichuan province, two in Chongqing, two in Beijing, two in Hunan and four in Jiangsu province－have tested positive for COVID-19. All had traveled to Zhangjiajie or have had close contact with people who have returned from the city.
截至目前，张家界以外地区已经有至少19人新冠病毒检测呈阳性，其中辽宁4例，四川5例，重庆2例，北京2例，湖南2例，江苏4例。所有人员均有过张家界旅居史或者与张家界有关人员有密切接触。

Authorities in Zhangjiajie have ordered the closure of places where people gather in large numbers to curb the spread of COVID-19 on Thursday. The shutdowns apply to shopping centers, cinemas, theaters, KTVs and dance halls.
7月29日，张家界市关停全市范围内旅游购物场所、电影院、剧院、KTV、歌舞厅等人员聚集密闭场所，以防止新冠病毒传播。

The venues should cease business activities, disinfect their premises and organize all their employees to undergo nucleic acid testing, according to the city's headquarters for COVID-19 prevention and control.
张家界市新冠肺炎防控指挥部表示，上述所有经营场所停止一切经营活动，做好环境消杀工作，组织全体从业人员开展核酸检测。

（中国日报网英语点津 编辑）