2021年7月新闻热词汇总

德特里克堡生物实验室 Fort Detrick lab

自7月17日起，一场浩浩荡荡的联署公开信行动正在中国网民之间展开，他们有着一个共同的目标，呼吁世卫组织彻底调查美国德特里克堡生物实验室。

公开信表示：

2021年6月，一批中国网民曾经联署了一封公开信，要求世界卫生组织调查美国德特里克堡生物实验室。
A group of Chinese netizens drafted a joint open letter to ask the WHO to investigate the US Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases (USAMRIID) at Fort Detrick in June.

公开信中表示，为了预防下一场疫情的到来，那些进行危险的病毒乃至生化武器研究的实验室，应该被世界卫生组织重点关注。
They said in the letter that to prevent the next pandemic, the WHO should pay special attention to labs that are conducting studies on dangerous viruses or even on biochemical weapons.

公开信特别指出了美国军方的德特里克堡生物实验室。那里存放着全世界最致命也最具传染性的病毒，比如埃博拉病毒、天花病毒，还有SARS病毒、MERS病毒以及如今的新冠病毒。任何一种病毒泄露，都会对全人类带来严重危害。
The open letter particularly noted the Fort Detrick lab, which stores the deadliest and most infectious viruses in the world, including Ebola, smallpox, SARS, MERS and the novel coronavirus. A leak of any one of them would pose a severe danger to the world.

可该实验室却有着臭名昭著的安全记录!不仅发生过炭疽病菌被盗，致多人死亡和中毒的大丑闻，而且在新冠肺炎疫情大规模出现前夕的2019年秋季，该实验室还出现过一次泄露。可详细信息却被美国方面以国家安全为由隐瞒。
But this lab has a notorious record on lab security. There have been scandals where anthrax bacteria was stolen the lab, leading to the poisoning of many and even death. There was a leak from the lab in the autumn of 2019 right before the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic, but detailed information had been withheld by the US under the guise of national security.

这些被美国媒体自己报道出的信息，越来越令世人担忧和怀疑，目前肆虐全球的新冠病毒是否与之有联系。
The information unveiled by US media has worried the world, with some questioning whether the novel coronavirus could be linked to the US lab.

更让人们起疑的是，中国出于对溯源研究工作的支持，不仅允许来自西方国家的病毒学者到武汉进行研究，还开放了武汉病毒所给他们乃至美国媒体参观考察。可美国方面至今没有同等地开放美国德特里克堡的实验室，给独立于美国地缘政治影响的中国等国调查。
What is more perplexing is that, when China allowed virologists from Western countries and even US mainstream media to visit the Wuhan Institute of Virology, the US has not opened the Fort Detrick lab, let alone shared the original data with countries including China that are independent from US geopolitical influence.

美国方面甚至还在刻意忽视和歪曲中国民间要求调查德特里克堡实验室的呼声，一边将这些诉求说成是“阴谋论”，一边在不断用漏洞百出的谣言，污蔑中国的武汉病毒所。
The US even purposely neglected and distorted the Chinese people's call to investigate the Fort Detrick lab - referring to the questions raised in the letter as a "conspiracy theory," and at the same time, used untenable and flawed rumors to attack the Wuhan Institute of Virology.

只有搞清病毒源头，消除潜在的隐患，才能告慰这些亡魂，并避免下一场大疫情的来袭。可美国方面一直在干扰这一工作的进行，拒绝国际社会彻查其德特里克堡实验室。在已经因为糟糕的防疫工作害死了60余万美国人后，难道美国方面还想拉全世界为其陪葬?
Only by figuring out the origins of the virus can the world eliminate potential hazards, avoid the next round of epidemic and comfort the families of the dead who are seeking answers. However, the US has always been interrupting the work and refusing to allow the international community to investigate the Fort Detrick lab. After its disastrous handling of the epidemic that has cost the lives of more than 600,000 Americans, does the US want to draw the whole world to be buried with it?

据《环球时报》实时更新的联署链接显示，截至7月21日晚，已有超过500万中国网民联署了这封呼吁世卫组织调查德特里克堡生物实验室的公开信。

对此，外交部发言人赵立坚在例行发布会上表示：

此次联署自7月17日发起以来，得到了中国广大民众的积极响应，不到5天就有约500万人参加。节节攀升的数字代表着中国人民的心声，表明了他们对美方一些人借溯源问题搞政治操弄的愤怒。美国本应及早调查德特里克堡，但一直没有这样做。
Since the open letter was published on July 17, it has received encouraging responses from the Chinese people and endorsed by about 5 million people within 5 days. The increasing endorsement reflects the Chinese people's aspiration and their anger in the political manipulation by some in the US. A probe into Fort Detrick is long overdue, but the US has not done it yet.

德特里克堡之谜至今无解。2019年7月，美国疾控中心给德堡基地发终止函，要求其终止大部分操作。就在同月，弗吉尼亚州北部开始出现不明原因的呼吸系统疾病，威斯康星州暴发大规模“电子烟疾病”。7月底，靠近德堡的两家养老院出现一种不明原因导致肺炎的呼吸道疾病。9月，德堡所在地马里兰州报告称“电子烟疾病”患者病例数增加了一倍。即便如此，美方仍以“国家安全”为由，拒绝公布关于关闭德堡的原因。历史上，德堡也有令人不安的劣迹和污点。基地中保存着包括德国纳粹和侵华日军“731部队”在内的细菌战研究资料。美国媒体也披露，德堡至今仍存放着大量严重威胁人类安全的病毒。这些事件之间，到底有何关联？美方究竟打算何时就此公开澄清？
The mystery of Fort Detrick remain unexplained and shrouded by suspicions. In July 2019, the US CDC issued a "cease and desist order" to halt most research at Fort Detrick. In the same month, there were reports on the unexplained outbreaks of respiratory disease in northern Virginia and on the subsequent EVALI outbreaks in Wisconsin. By the end of July, two retirement communities near the base experienced unexplained pneumonia outbreaks. In September, vaping-related lung illness cases doubled in Maryland where Fort Detrick is based. Even so, the US CDC refused to release critical information regarding the base's closure by citing "national security reasons". The Fort Detrick base has disturbing records and stains in history. The base has in its storage research outcomes of biological warfare from people recruited after WWII, including head of Nazi Germany's biological warfare lab and head of Unit 731 of the Imperial Japanese Army that waged the war of aggression against China. According to US media reports, Fort Detrick stores large amount of viruses that severely threaten people's safety. What is the correlation between those incidents? When will the US make public explanations?

调查德堡是包括中国人民在内的各国人民的呼声，是美方在病毒溯源问题上必须回答的问题。面对本国近63万因疫情逝去的生命，美方应展现透明，切实采取措施彻底调查本国疫情源头，彻底调查美国抗疫不力的原因并追究责任者，彻底调查德堡及200多个美国海外生物实验基地种种疑云，给世界人民和国际社会一个交代。
Investigating Fort Detrick is an appeal of people all over the world, including the Chinese people. It is a question that the US must answer. Facing the 630,000 American lives lost to the coronavirus, the US should be transparent, take concrete measures to thoroughly investigate the origins of the virus at home, thoroughly investigate the reason of its botched response and who should be held accountable, thoroughly investigate the mysteries over Fort Detrick and its over 200 overseas bio-labs, and explain the truth to people across the world and the international community.

世界遗产大会 World Heritage Committee session

The 44th session of the World Heritage Committee of UNESCO has adopted the Fuzhou Declaration, calling for closer international cooperation within the framework of multilateralism.
第44届世界遗产大会通过《福州宣言》，宣言呼吁在多边主义框架内开展更密切的国际合作。

The world's cultural and natural heritage is an important outcome of the development of human civilization and natural evolution, and an important vehicle for the exchanges and mutual learning between civilizations. To well protect, inherit and make good use of these precious treasures is our shared responsibility, and is of vital importance to the continuity of human civilization and the sustainable development of the world.
世界文化和自然遗产是人类文明发展和自然演进的重要成果，也是促进不同文明交流互鉴的重要载体。保护好、传承好、利用好这些宝贵财富，是我们的共同责任，是人类文明赓续和世界可持续发展的必然要求。

国际消费中心城市 international consumption center cities

China's Ministry of Commerce announced on July 19 that, with the approval of the State Council, Shanghai, Beijing, Guangzhou, Tianjin and Chongqing will take the lead in developing international consumption center cities. The move is a major strategic decision made by the Communist Party of China Central Committee and the State Council, and will play a significant role in serving the establishment of the new development paradigm. It is also significant for the country's high-quality growth.
商务部7月19日宣布，经国务院批准，在上海市、北京市、广州市、天津市、重庆市，率先开展国际消费中心城市培育建设。培育国际消费中心城市，是党中央、国务院作出的重大战略部署，对服务构建新发展格局、推动经济高质量发展具有重要意义。

中部地区高质量发展 high-quality development of central region

China has issued a guideline on promoting the high-quality development of the country's central region in the new era. The guideline, jointly released on July 22 by the Communist Party of China Central Committee and the State Council, details measures to promote the region's economic growth, scientific and technological innovation, urbanization, green development, opening-up and people's well-being.
7月22日，《中共中央 国务院关于新时代推动中部地区高质量发展的意见》发布。意见部署了促进中部地区经济增长、科技创新、城镇化建设、绿色发展和对外开放，以及提高人民群众幸福感的一系列具体措施。

翼龙-2H无人机 Wing Loong-2H unmanned aerial vehicle

中国航空工业集团有限公司研制的翼龙-2H应急救灾型无人机，在河南应急救灾中搭建起空中应急通信平台，为河南省巩义市米河镇通信中断区提供了连续移动信号，保障了灾区居民及时报告灾情、报送平安。

A China-developed Wing Loong-2H unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) took a 4.5-hour flight to Mihe township in Gongyi city, one of the most seriously ravaged regions in Henan province, the Ministry of Emergency Management said.
应急管理部表示，我国自主研发的翼龙-2H无人机飞行4.5小时抵达河南省巩义市米河镇。该镇是河南省受灾最严重的一个地区。

At 6:21 pm Wednesday, the drone entered the areas where telecom services had been disrupted and started to provide stable and continuous mobile signal coverage for an area of about 50 square kilometers.
7月21日18点21分，无人机在米河镇上空搭起空中移动基站，实现了约50平方公里范围、长时稳定的连续移动信号覆盖。

【知识点】

无人机学名全称为unmanned aerial vehicle，简称UAV，在口语中一般称为drone。Drone原意为“雄蜂”或者“嗡嗡声”，后来为什么会成为“无人机”的简称，目前没有很确定的说法，有一个比较普遍被接受的说法是：英国皇家空军在上世纪三四十年代的时候研制了一些无人飞行器作为对空防御武器的训练打击目标（aerial targets for antiaircraft gunnery training）。1935年，皇家空军用新型的DH82B无人机取代了之前的B版Fairey Queen （简称Queen Bee），大概因为简称中有Bee（蜜蜂）这个单词，所以人们就开始用drone或者target drone来指代这些无人机，一方面可能是因为这些无人机都是像雄蜂一样听从指令，另一方面，可能也是因为它们会发出“嗡嗡的声音”。所以，drone这个叫法也算一举两得吧。

翼龙-2H应急救灾型无人机系统是在翼龙-2无人机系统基础上，针对灾害探查（disaster survey）、应急通信保障（ emergency communications support）、应急投送（ emergency supplies delivery）等任务研制的大型应急救灾型无人机系统（an emergency and disaster relief UAV system）。

The system is composed by the large UAV, a ground-control station and a support system.
该无人机系统由无人机、地面控制站、保障系统组成。

The large UAV is equipped with an electro-optical/infrared pod, a synthetic aperture radar, an aerial camera, an emergency communication pod and an emergency transmit drop pod.
无人机搭载光电探测吊舱、合成孔径雷达、航拍CCD相机、应急通信保障吊舱、应急投送舱等设备。

Featuring outstanding flight range, endurance, carrying capacity and environmental adaptability, the Wing Loong-2H UAV is able to conduct field surveys, support emergency communication and deliver emergency supplies in extreme conditions, such as power and network outages and circuit breaks.
该无人机系统具有航程远、留空时间长、承载能力大、环境适应性强等特点，可在“断路、断电、断网”等极端灾害条件下，完成现场探查、公/专网应急组网通信、应急物资投送等任务。

 Typhoon In-Fa

7月26日9点50分前后，今年第6号台风“烟花”在浙江嘉兴平湖市沿海再次登陆，登陆时中心附近最大风力10级。

此前，台风“烟花”已经在浙江舟山登陆过一次。

Typhoon In-Fa, the sixth this year, made landfall in Zhoushan, Zhejiang province, at around 12:30 pm on Sunday, packing winds of up to 38 meters per second at its center.
7月25日12时30分前后，今年第6号台风“烟花”登陆浙江省舟山，中心最大风速38米/秒。

【知识点】

英文中描述台风“登陆”的表达为make landfall，而台风“减弱为热带风暴”则通常用weaken to tropical storm表示。

其实，热带风暴和台风其实都属于热带气旋（tropical cyclone）。

从1989年开始，我国采用世界气象组织规定的统一标准，按气旋中心附近最大平均风力将热带气旋划分为4个等级：

热带气旋中心附近最大平均风力小于8级，即风速小于17.2米每秒，为热带低压（tropical depression）；

最大风力在8-9级，风速在17.2米/秒-24.4米/秒的称为热带风暴（tropical storm）；

最大风力为10-11级，即风速在24.5米/秒-32.6米/秒者，称为强热带风暴（severe tropical storm）；

只有中心附近最大平均风力达到12级或以上，风速大于等于32.7米每秒的热带气旋才称为台风（typhoon）。

关于风暴，我们经常听到3个意思相近的词：tornado、typhoon、hurricane。Tornado即龙卷风，主要发生在陆地上。Typhoon和hurricane其实是一回事，都是tropical cyclone（热带气旋），只是飓风名称的使用多在北大西洋及东太平洋，所以我们经常听到美国发生飓风，如2005年著名的Hurricane Katrina（卡特里娜飓风）；而北太平洋西部使用的词是typhoon，于是我国就习惯称台风。

浙江多项措施应对

Zhejiang had upgraded its emergency response to Level I, the highest level, starting at noon on Saturday, the provincial emergency management department said.
浙江省应急管理厅表示，7月24日中午起，浙江全省提升防台风应急响应至Ⅰ级。

Hangzhou Xiaoshan International Airport canceled all flights in and out of Hangzhou on Sunday, with more expected to be canceled on Monday. Local traffic authorities also closed off or imposed traffic flow restrictions on all expressways in Zhejiang.
7月25日，杭州萧山国际机场所有进出港航班取消，26日的航班也有大幅取消。浙江省内所有高速公路也采取关闭或限流措施。

Over 1.1 million residents in the province had been relocated to safer places by Saturday night, according to Zhejiang Daily.
据《浙江日报》报道，截至7月24日夜间，浙江省已有110多万居民被转移至安全地点。

上海高铁停运

In neighboring Shanghai, the municipal railway authority announced on Sunday that all trains bound for Shanghai from Beijing South Railway Station were suspended starting at 1:30 pm. All high-speed trains bound for Shanghai from all directions had been suspended beginning at 7 pm on Sunday.
铁路部门决定，7月25日13时30分后，北京南至上海方向列车停运。7月25日19时起，进出上海高铁列车全部停运。

【单词讲解】

说到“暂停”，我们可能立即会想到pause这个词，不过，在具体使用的时候，pause更偏重“短时间暂停（后继续进行某事）”的意思，比如：He talked for two hours without pausing for breath.（他说了两个小时的话，都没有停下来喘口气。）On leaving, she paused for a moment at the door.（离开的时候，她在门口停顿了一下。）动词suspend及其名词suspension多指“把事情停下来一阵子（直到有后续的决策）”，比如：Tour groups were suspended because of the epidemic.（由于疫情原因，团队游被暂时叫停了。）这里的“暂停”一般会持续一段时间，直到形势变化允许这件事能继续进行。

All passenger flights at Shanghai's two airports were canceled on Sunday, according to the Shanghai Airport Authority.
上海机场管理部门表示，7月25日全天，上海浦东机场和虹桥机场，所有客运进出港航班取消。

In addition, the municipality's subway operator announced that all sections of line running above ground and on elevated tracks had been suspended since Sunday afternoon to ensure safety.
此外，上海地铁运营部门宣布，7月25日下午起，上海地铁所有地面、高架区段车站停运。

Also since Sunday afternoon, service of all buses crossing bridges over the Huangpu River had been suspended. Large passenger buses and large trucks had been banned from taking the Shanghai Yangtze River Bridge connecting Chongming Island with downtown Shanghai.
同时自7月25日下午起，所有经过黄浦江上各处桥梁的公交暂停运营，禁止大型客运公交及卡车驶入上海长江大桥。上海长江大桥连接上海市区和崇明岛。

As of 2 pm Sunday, nearly 130 tourists spots in Shanghai, including the Shanghai Disney Resort, the Oriental Pearl Tower, and the Shanghai Science and Technology Museum, had closed over safety concerns.
截至7月25日下午2点，上海迪士尼乐园、东方明珠塔以及上海科技馆等近130个旅游景点因安全原因关闭。

海南跨境服务贸易负面清单 negative list on cross-border trade in services for Hainan

China unveiled a negative list on cross-border trade in services for its Hainan Free Trade Port, the first negative list for services trade in the country, the Ministry of Commerce said on July 26. The new policy is scheduled to become effective on Aug 26 this year.
7月26日，《海南自由贸易港跨境服务贸易特别管理措施（负面清单）（2021年版）》正式公布，并将于8月26日起实施。商务部表示，这是我国在跨境服务贸易领域公布的第一张负面清单。

“双减” ease the burden of excessive homework and off-campus tutoring for students undergoing compulsory education

Chinese authorities have introduced a guideline to ease the burden of excessive homework and off-campus tutoring for students undergoing compulsory education. The guideline, jointly issued by the general offices of the Communist Party of China Central Committee and the State Council on Saturday, bans local authorities from approving any new tutoring institutions for academic course training during the nine years of compulsory education. All existing curriculum-based tutoring institutions will have to register as nonprofit organizations and cannot raise money from the public, the guideline said, adding that investment in such institutions by listed companies will also be prohibited. Tutoring institutions should not offer overseas education courses, nor teach content too advanced for the school curriculum, it said. No curriculum-based training will be allowed on weekends, national holidays or during winter and summer vacations, the guideline said.
7月24日，中共中央办公厅、国务院办公厅印发了《关于进一步减轻义务教育阶段学生作业负担和校外培训负担的意见》。《意见》要求，各地不再审批新的面向义务教育阶段学生的学科类校外培训机构，现有学科类培训机构统一登记为非营利性机构，严禁资本化运作。上市公司不得通过股票市场融资投资学科类培训机构。《意见》严禁培训机构提供境外教育课程，严禁超标超前培训，不得占用国家法定节假日、休息日及寒暑假期组织学科类培训。

table tennis mixed doubles final

7月26日，东京奥运会乒乓球混双决赛（table tennis mixed doubles final），中国队的许昕/刘诗雯组合迎战日本队的伊藤美诚/水谷隼组合，最终摘得该项目银牌。

The table tennis mixed doubles was making its debut on the Olympic stage in Tokyo, with each association only eligible to dispatch one pair in the event.
这是乒乓球混双项目首次亮相奥运会赛场，每个代表团只能选派一对选手参加比赛。

比赛开局，中国组合2比0领先。

Jun Mizutani and Mima Ito came from two sets down and led by 3-2 after the fifth set, pressuring the Chinese duo Xu Xin and Liu Shiwen, who put up a fight in the sixth set, tying at 3-3.
伊藤美诚/水谷隼组合在前两局失利的情况下实现逆转，在第五局结束时3比2领先，中国的许昕/刘诗雯组合在重压之下奋力拼搏，在第六局打成3比3平。

决胜局，水谷隼/伊藤美诚连续得分，8-0开局。

Mizutani and Ito eventually sealed the deal at 11-6, taking the top spot on 5-11, 7-11, 11-8, 11-9, 11-9, 6-11, 11-6.
最终，水谷隼/伊藤美诚以11比6拿下决胜局，以5-11, 7-11, 11-8, 11-9, 11-9, 6-11, 11-6的成绩获得冠军。

【知识点】

看比赛直播的时候，屏幕上时常会打出game point或match point的字幕，具体来说，game point就是指那一局比赛中领先的一方再得一分就可以赢得该局，即“局点”，而match point指领先的一方再得一分就可以赢得这一场比赛，即“赛点”，而如果再拿下一分既可以赢得这场比赛，还能拿到这个比赛的冠军，那么这个点既是match point（赛点），也是gold medal point（冠军点）。

This is the first ever Olympic gold medal in table tennis mixed doubles, also Japan's first table tennis Olympic gold since the sport debuted at 1988 Games in Seoul.
这是历史上第一枚奥运乒乓球混双金牌，也是自1988年汉城奥运会乒乓球首次成为比赛项目以来，日本队获得的第一枚该项目金牌。

在赛后接受采访时，刘诗雯几度落泪说：“我们已经拼尽了全力（put in our best efforts），我自己还好，就是感觉对不起大家。”

We missed several opportunities while we had the upper hand.
“有几个球，我们在大好形势下，没有抓住机会。”

许昕则表示，

The Japanese duo were fighting aggressively, particularly in the later sets.
“日本队员拼得很凶，特别是在最后的几次搏杀。”

看了他们的采访，网友表示：你们依然是最棒的！