影片对白  Adam Smith needs revision.

 

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Nash equilibrium 纳什均衡

纳什均衡，Nash equilibrium，又称为非合作博弈均衡，是博弈论的一个重要术语，是纳什发现的，以他的名字命名。它的含义是这样的：假设有n个局中人参与博弈，给定其他人策略的条件下，每个局中人选择自己的最优策略（个人最优策略可能依赖于也可能不依赖于他人的战略），从而使自己效用最大化。所有局中人策略构成一个策略组合（Strategy Profile）。纳什均衡指的是这样一种战略组合，这种策略组合由所有参与人最优策略组成。即在给定别人策略的情况下，没有人有足够理由打破这种均衡。

In game theory, the Nash equilibrium (named after John Forbes Nash, who proposed it) is a solution concept of a game involving two or more players, in which no player has anything to gain by changing only his or her own strategy unilaterally. If each player has chosen a strategy and no player can benefit by changing his or her strategy while the other players keep theirs unchanged, then the current set of strategy choices and the corresponding payoffs constitute a Nash equilibrium.

Stated simply, A and B are in Nash equilibrium if A is making the best decision A can, taking into account B's decision, and B is making the best decision B can, taking into account A's decision. Likewise, many players are in Nash equilibrium if each one is making the best decision that they can, taking into account the decisions of the others. However, Nash equilibrium does not necessarily mean the best cumulative payoff for all the players involved; in many cases all the players might improve their payoffs if they could somehow agree on strategies different from the Nash equilibrium (eg. competing businessmen forming a cartel in order to increase their profits). (answers.com)

影片中Nash以谁能得到金发美女这个博弈导出了自己的理论，算是导演对该理论的学以致用吧。

亚当•斯密 Adam Smith

亚当•斯密（Adam Smith，1723～1790），是英国古典政治经济学的主要代表人物之一。他的代表作《国富论》（全称《国民财富的性质和原因的研究》）被翻译成十几种文字，全球发行。而他本人也因此被奉为现代西方经济学的鼻祖。《国富论》是一部划时代的巨著。它概括了古典政治经济学在形成阶段的理论成就，最早系统地阐述了政治经济学的各个主要学说，它标志着自由资本主义时代的到来。

Scottish philosopher Adam Smith is the author of the 1776 book An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations(《国富论》), a classic of modern economics beloved especially by free market advocates. He began his academic career as a professor of logic and moral philosophy in Glasgow (1751-64), but after about 1748 he was famously part of the Edinburgh intellectual circle that included David Hume. Smith gained international attention for his 1759 examination of societal ethics, Theory of Moral Sentiments, in which he argued that people are naturally empathetic to those suffering in their midst. But his Wealth of Nations secured Smith's fame -- the book sold out five editions during his lifetime, including revised versions in 1784 and 1789. He is credited with being the first to examine the importance of the division of labor and worker productivity, and for advancing the idea that free markets thrive on the basis of mutual self-interest. Although Smith warned against monopolies and mercantilism, his notion that markets are driven toward the public good by an "invisible hand" has made him a venerated figure among free market doctrinaires. He spent his last years in Edinburgh as a government official, as the Commissioner of Customs.

Most sources list his birthdate as 5 June 1723, the date of his baptism. His father died before Smith was born; Smith lived with his mother most of his life and never married. (Who2biography)

考考你

将下面的句子译成英语。

1. 大家总是担心谁会控制原油市场。

2. 说到下象棋，我的女婿一般都能赢。

3. 影片的一些部分以慢动作重放。

4. 我作为朋友前去和他面谈，但遭到了他的拒绝。

A beautiful mind《美丽心灵》精讲之一 考考你 参考答案

1. 我同意我们应当以改进效率为目标。

I agree that we should set our sights on improving efficiency.

2. 以我之见，戒烟对你来说是明智的。

In my opinion, you'd be wise to rid yourself of the smoking habit.

3. 他没有耐心。

Patience is not his strong suit.

 

影片对白  Adam Smith needs revision.

(英语点津Annabel编辑)

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