第三章 保护和改善环境

Chapter III Protection and Improvement of the Environment

第二十八条 地方各级人民政府应当根据环境保护目标和治理任务，采取有效措施，改善环境质量。

Article 28. Local people's governments at various levels shall take effective measures to improve environmental quality according to environmental protection goals and governance tasks.

未达到国家环境质量标准的重点区域、流域的有关地方人民政府，应当制定限期达标规划，并采取措施按期达标。

Local people's governments of key regions and river basins that fail to meet national environmental quality standards shall formulate plans to reach relevant standards within a prescribed time period, and take measures to achieve the compliance target on time.

第二十九条 国家在重点生态功能区、生态环境敏感区和脆弱区等区域划定生态保护红线，实行严格保护。

Article 29. The State defines ecological redline for strict protection on key ecological functional zones, areas of sensitive and fragile ecological environment.

各级人民政府对具有代表性的各种类型的自然生态系统区域，珍稀、濒危的野生动植物自然分布区域，重要的水源涵养区域，具有重大科学文化价值的地质构造、著名溶洞和化石分布区、冰川、火山、温泉等自然遗迹，以及人文遗迹、古树名木，应当采取措施予以保护，严禁破坏。

The people's governments at various levels shall take measures to protect regions representing various types of natural ecological systems, regions with a natural distribution of rare and endangered wild animals and plants, regions where major sources of water are conserved, geological structures of major scientific and cultural value, famous regions where karst caves and fossil deposits are distributed, traces of glaciers, volcanoes and hot springs, traces of human history, and ancient and precious trees. Damage to the above shall be strictly forbidden.

第三十条 开发利用自然资源，应当合理开发，保护生物多样性，保障生态安全，依法制定有关生态保护和恢复治理方案并予以实施。

Article 30. Exploitation and utilization of natural resources shall be developed in a rational way that conserves biological diversity and safeguards ecological security. Ecological protection and restoration programs shall be developed in accordance with laws and be implemented.

引进外来物种以及研究、开发和利用生物技术，应当采取措施，防止对生物多样性的破坏。

For introduction of exotic species as well as the research, development and utilization of biotechnology, effective measures shall be taken to prevent destruction of biodiversity.

第三十一条 国家建立、健全生态保护补偿制度。

Article 31. The State shall establish and improve ecological protection compensation mechanism.

国家加大对生态保护地区的财政转移支付力度。有关地方人民政府应当落实生态保护补偿资金，确保其用于生态保护补偿。

The State will increase fiscal transfer to areas of ecological protection. Relevant local people’s governments shall secure compensation funds for ecological protection, and ensure its use on ecological compensation.

国家指导受益地区和生态保护地区人民政府通过协商或者按照市场规则进行生态保护补偿。

The State provides guidance to the local people’s governments of beneficiary areas and ecological protected areas on ecological compensation through consultation or market rules.

第三十二条 国家加强对大气、水、土壤等的保护，建立和完善相应的调查、监测、评估和修复制度。

Article 32. The State shall strengthen the protection of atmosphere, water and soil, establish and improve the corresponding investigation monitoring, assessment and remediation systems.

第三十三条 各级人民政府应当加强对农业环境的保护，促进农业环境保护新技术的使用，加强对农业污染源的监测预警，统筹有关部门采取措施，防治土壤污染和土地沙化、盐渍化、贫瘠化、石漠化、地面沉降以及防治植被破坏、水土流失、水体富营养化、水源枯竭、种源灭绝等生态失调现象，推广植物病虫害的综合防治。

Article 33. The people's governments at various levels shall enhance the protection of the agricultural environment, promote the application of new technologies for agricultural environmental protection, strengthen the monitoring and early warning system for agricultural pollution sources, and coordinate relevant departments to take measures to prevent the occurrence and deterioration of soil pollution, desertification, salinization, impoverishment, rocky desertification, and ground subsidence, prevent and control vegetation damage, soil erosion, water eutrophication, water depletion, provenance extinction and other ecological imbalances, and promote integrated plant pest management.

县级、乡级人民政府应当提高农村环境保护公共服务水平，推动农村环境综合整治。

The people's governments at the county and township level shall raise the level of public services for rural environmental protection, and implement comprehensive rural environment management.

第三十四条 国务院和沿海地方各级人民政府应当加强对海洋环境的保护。向海洋排放污染物、倾倒废弃物，进行海岸工程和海洋工程建设，应当符合法律法规规定和有关标准，防止和减少对海洋环境的污染损害。

Article 34. The State Council and the people's governments at various levels in coastal areas shall provide better protection for the marine environment. The discharge of pollutants and the dumping of wastes into the seas, and the construction of coastal projects and marine projects shall be conducted in compliance with provisions of laws and regulations and relevant standards, so as to guard against and reduce the pollution and damage of the marine environment.

第三十五条 城乡建设应当结合当地自然环境的特点，保护植被、水域和自然景观，加强城市园林、绿地和风景名胜区的建设与管理。

Article 35. In urban and rural construction, vegetation, waters and the natural landscape shall be protected and attention paid to the construction of gardens, green land and historic sites and scenic spots in the cities in the light of the special features of the local natural environment.

第三十六条 国家鼓励和引导公民、法人和其他组织使用有利于保护环境的产品和再生产品，减少废弃物的产生。

Article 36. The State shall encourage and guide citizens, legal persons and other organizations to use environmental-friendly products and recycled products to reduce waste generation.

国家机关和使用财政资金的其他组织应当优先采购和使用节能、节水、节材等有利于保护环境的产品、设备和设施。

State authorities and other institutions financed by fiscal funds shall give priority to the purchase and use of energy-efficient, water-saving, materials-saving products, equipment and facilities that support environmental protection.

第三十七条 地方各级人民政府应当采取措施，组织对生活废弃物的分类处置、回收利用。

Article 37. Local people's governments at various levels shall take measures to organize the sorting and separation, as well as the recycling of municipal solid waste.

第三十八条 公民应当遵守环境保护法律法规，配合实施环境保护措施，按照规定对生活废弃物进行分类放置，减少日常生活对环境造成的损害。

Article 38. Citizens shall abide by environmental protection laws and regulations, support the implementation of environmental protection measures, conduct sorting and separation of municipal solid waste in accordance with relevant regulations, and reduce damage to environment of daily life.

第三十九条 国家建立、健全环境与健康监测、调查和风险评估制度；鼓励和组织开展环境质量对公众健康影响的研究，采取措施预防和控制与环境污染有关的疾病。

Article 39. The State shall establish and improve environment and health monitoring, investigation and risk assessment systems; encourage and organize researches on environmental quality impacts to public health, and adopt measures to prevent and control diseases related to environmental pollution.