李克强总理记者会文字实录（双语全文）

新华社记者：您一直强调要重视激发市场主体活力，发挥市场主体在经济发展中的重要作用。现在有一些市场主体反映，在生产经营、公平竞争、市场环境等方面还有一些困难和障碍。请问今年政府将出台哪些改革措施来助企纾困，让他们焕发新的生机？
Xinhua News Agency: You have repeatedly stressed the importance of energizing market entities and leveraging their key role in driving economic development. At present, we are seeing that some market entities are still faced with difficulties or obstacles in terms of their production and operations, in fair competition and the market environment. What reform measures will the government take this year to alleviate their difficulties and revitalize those market entities?

李克强：去年我们推进改革，很突出的一点就是制定和实施宏观政策时，围绕市场主体的需求来考虑，助力市场主体脱困、激发活力，撑起中国经济的基本盘。中国改革开放40多年来，我们发展社会主义市场经济，不断培育和发展市场主体。市场主体培育起来，就可以充分发挥市场在资源配置中的决定性作用和更好发挥政府作用。“十三五”期间的五年，我们的市场主体增加了6000多万户。去年在疫情冲击下，后期快速恢复增长，现在市场主体总数已经达到一亿三千多万户，而且去年个体工商户又新增1000多万户，从8000多万户增加到9000多万户，带动两亿多人就业。市场主体的活力激发、活跃度提高，这是政府推进改革的努力方向。
Premier Li: The centerpiece of our reform last year was to align our macro policies with the needs of market entities to provide them with relief and energize them in bid to consolidate the fundamentals of China's economy. Over the past 40 years of reform and opening-up, we have been developing a socialist market economy to boost market entities so that the market can play its decisive role in allocating resources and the government can better play its role. During the 13th Five-Year Plan period, over 60 million new market entities were registered. Last year, especially in its latter half, with the economic rebound, we saw another upsurge in the number of new market entities. Now there are some 130 million market entities in China. Last year, the number of self-employed individuals increased by over 10 million, rising from 80 million to the current 90 million, providing 200 million job opportunities. So the important purpose of China's reform agenda is to energize market entities.

今年我们政策的制定和实施，还是要继续围着市场主体转，这就需要继续推进“放管服”改革，让市场主体不仅生存，而且活跃。去年我们说留得青山，就赢得未来，今年说留得市场主体的青山常在，就能够生机盎然，使中国经济的活力和韧性充分体现。所以转变政府职能很重要的是要把市场主体应有的权限给他们，让他们去发挥。对于审批环节，我们要继续减环节、减材料、减费用、减时限。一方面为市场主体减负，另一方面为他们松绑，放开手脚去竞争。
We will continue to keep our policies well-aligned with the needs of market entities. This year, we will continue to reform government functions to better help market entities survive and thrive. Last year, we said we would help keep market entities afloat. This year we will work to sustain and revitalize the market actors, as their survival and thrival is critical for the vitality and resilience of China's economy. An important part of the reform of government functions is to allow market entities to make their own decisions wherever necessary. We will continue to streamline administrative review processes in terms of procedures, documents, fees and time needed to lessen the burdens on market entities and free up more space for them to compete freely on the market.

当然，要竞争就应当是公平的竞争，就必须有监管。管出公平、管出公正，这样才能让市场主体显示真正的创造力。所以我们放管并重，创新监管方式，加强事中事后监管，这都是改革。我们支持“互联网+”、物联网这些新业态，但是对于坑蒙拐骗、造假失信，或者利用新业态的旗号去搞诈骗、非法集资的，就要坚决打击，因为把市场搅乱了，没有公平，竞争就不可能持续，就不可能展现更强的活力。
Competition needs to happen on a level-playing field. We will improve our regulation to ensure fairness on the market so that market entities can better show their creativity and innovation. We will streamline administration and also enhance supervision and regulation. That includes developing new regulatory approaches and enhancing compliance oversight. Those are all part of the reform package. We will continue to support the Internet Plus model and the Internet of Things as new forms of industry and business. We will combat such malpractices as cheating of marketplace, counterfeiting, acts of bad faith, fraud, and illegal fund-raising in the name of new forms of industry, because these malpractices disrupt market order and undermine fairness. Without fairness, neither competition nor market vitality would be possible.

政府还要进一步优化政务服务，为企业重质量、守诚信、精工细作去提高产品和服务竞争力来营造环境。对于政务服务中那些涉及企业、人民群众经常要办的事项，要努力做到网上办、掌上办、一次办，让市场主体有更强的活力，社会有创造力。
The government will deliver better services and foster an enabling environment for all companies who put quality first, act in good faith and concentrate on making their products and services more competitive. As for those high-demand government services, we will work hard to make them accessible on-line through smart phones on a one-stop basis to better energize market entities and boost social creativity.

台湾无线卫星电视台记者：今年年初，台湾方面表示希望跟大陆能够在后疫情时代恢复交流。与此同时，两岸关系目前并没有看到和缓的迹象，请问大陆方面对此怎么看，未来又如何因应？
TVBS of Taiwan: Early this year, Taiwan expressed hope for resumed cross-Strait exchanges with the mainland in the post-COVID era. However, so far, we have yet to see signs of an easing situation across the Taiwan Strait. What is the view of the mainland on the current situation? And what does the mainland intend to do in the future?

李克强：我们对台的大政方针是一贯的，也是非常明确的，就是坚持一个中国原则和“九二共识”。在此前提下，我们欢迎台湾任何政党、团体同我们交往，也欢迎台湾各党派团体人士就两岸关系和民族未来与我们开展对话。
Premier Li: Our principle and policy towards Taiwan have been consistent and clear-cut. We remain committed to the one-China principle and the 1992 Consensus. On that basis, we welcome exchanges with any political party or group from Taiwan, and we welcome dialogue with any party, group or personage of Taiwan on cross-Strait relations and future of the nation.

我们坚持推进两岸关系和平发展和祖国统一，反对任何形式的“台独”分裂活动，也反对外部势力的干涉。
We will continue to promote peaceful development of cross-Strait relations and China's reunification. We are opposed to any form of separatist activities seeking "Taiwan independence" and foreign interference in cross-Strait affairs.

我们一直秉持“两岸一家亲”的理念。这几年出台了很多惠及台企台胞的政策，不少台湾企业和同胞从中受益。我们会继续让台湾同胞分享大陆的发展机遇，继续推动两岸融合发展。
We always believe that people on both sides of the Taiwan Strait belong to one and the same family. That is why in recent years, we have introduced a series of policies that benefit Taiwan companies and compatriots, and many have benefited from such policy measures. We will continue to enable Taiwan compatriots to share in the development opportunities on the mainland and promote integrated development across the Taiwan Strait.

人民日报社记者：受疫情等因素影响，民生领域一些难题凸显，如就医、子女教育、养老托幼等成为我国经济社会发展的短板，也影响了人民群众的获得感和幸福感。请问政府打算从哪些方面着手来解决这些难题？
People's Daily: The COVID-19 pandemic has made some difficulties related to people's lives more acute, including in the areas of medical services, education, elderly and child care. This has been an area of weakness in our country's economic and social development, and our people have not felt as many gains or as much happiness as they deserve. What measures will the government take to tackle these problems?

李克强：今年政府总支出比去年略有增加，盘子不小，所以要更多地向量大面广的民生领域倾斜，特别是义务教育和基本医疗。如果下半年经济持续向好，那么会下更大的力度把财政支出包括债务支出投向这些领域。这对拉动当年GDP增长可能不明显，但是对于长远发展、惠民生有支撑作用。我们要坚持以人民为中心的发展思想，这是习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想的重要内容，人民的政府就应当以民之所望为施政所向。
Premier Li: With a modest increase over the previous year, total fiscal spending for this year is of no small amount, and will be weighted towards the wide range of areas related to people's lives, especially compulsory education and basic medical care. If the economy keeps the positive momentum in the second half of the year, we intend to channel a greater share of budgetary expenditures and funds raised by issuing government bonds to these areas. Such inputs may not make a big difference in driving GDP growth for the current year, but they are critical for laying a solid foundation for China's long-term development and bettering people's lives. We must continue to implement the development thinking of putting people at the center, which is an important component of Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era. Our government is a people's government. It must respond to the people's needs.

教育和健康关系到每个家庭、国家与民族的未来。我在两会参加代表团审议时，一位中学校长说，现在县乡中学还缺乏优质的教师资源，教师的待遇不高，学历也很难提高。我们今年要下决心，加大对县乡教师培训的投入，让他们能够在职便利地提高学历，职称评定要采取倾斜政策。对于在城市的农民工子弟，只要拿到居住证，一定要让他们有受教育的机会。决不能因为家境、区域不同，让孩子输在起跑线上。机会公平中，教育公平是最大的公平。
Education and health concerns the future of every family and every nation. While I was attending the deliberation of a provincial delegation during the two sessions this year, the headmaster of a secondary school told me that in county and township secondary schools, quality teachers are in short supply. Their pay packages are inadequate and it is difficult for them to further their education. This year we will scale up on-the-job training for teachers in counties and townships to help them further their education. Preferential arrangement will be made for their professional title assessment. Children of rural migrant workers in cities with urban residency permits must be given an opportunity for education. No child should be put at a disadvantage because of his/her family background or where he/she comes from. Educational fairness is most important in ensuring equal access to opportunities.

健康是幸福的基础，也是生产力。现在县乡基层的医疗机构和力量还比较薄弱，很多人有病往大城市大医院跑。今年我们要多措并举加大对县乡医院、卫生院的投入，对于扩大门诊医保报销范围和常见病药品报销范围、降低药品和高值医用耗材价格等，都要采取一些让群众切实感受得到的措施。也就是说，要让群众看病多一点便利，治病少一点负担。这也有利于巩固脱贫攻坚成果，防止因病返贫致贫。
Good health is the foundation of happiness. It is also in itself a productive force. Our medical institutions in counties and townships are still weak, hence people have to go to big hospitals in big cities for medical treatment. This year we will increase funding support for medical institutions, including health clinics, in counties and townships, through multiple channels. The government will also take a series of concrete steps, including expanding the coverage of reimbursement of outpatient bills and medical expenses for common disease drugs, and lowering the prices of drugs and high-priced consumables. The purpose is to help make access to medical services easier and lessen the financial burden on patients. This will also help consolidate the gains we have made in ending abject poverty, so that people won't go back into poverty because of falling ill.

在养老托幼方面，政府还要通过引导社会力量来兴办社区服务业，尽可能在税收等方面给予优惠支持，给家庭在养老托幼方面不仅减轻一点负担，也多一点温暖。总之，民生方面的事很多，我们要在发展中持续改善民生。我们现在实施的是广覆盖、保基本的社会保障制度。保基本，要在经济发展中持续提高水平，但也要突出重点。对于事关人人、事关国家和民族未来的义务教育和基本医疗，各级政府一定要扛在肩上。
In terms of elderly and child care, we will rely more on private actors in running community-based services in these areas. They will receive tax breaks and other preferential policies from the government, so that each and every family will have less burden in terms of elderly and child care and feel the warmth of government support. In a word, there are still many areas where a lot needs to be done to improve people's lives and we need to tackle these problems in the course of development. Our country's social security system intends to meet people's basic needs with a broad-based coverage. While strengthening social protection through development, we must also keep our focus on the top priorities. Compulsory education and basic medical care are things that concern each and every individual as well as the future of our country and nation. Governments at all levels must fully live up to their responsibilities in these fields.

新加坡联合早报记者：中国提出加快构建以国内大循环为主体、国内国际双循环相互促进的新发展格局。请问这是不是中国在美国等西方国家“围堵”下被迫采取的某种战略收缩？另外，在中国发展国内大循环、构建超大规模的国内市场的时候会带来怎样的变化？留给外资的空间未来会不会越来越小？
Lianhe Zaobao: China said it will foster a new development paradigm with domestic circulation as the mainstay and domestic and international calculations reinforcing each other. I wonder if this is a kind of strategic retreat that China feels compelled to make due to the encirclement by the United States and other Western countries. As China develops domestic circulation and builds a supersized domestic market, what changes will that effect? Will it mean a dwindling space for foreign investment?

李克强：中国提出要立足新发展阶段、贯彻新发展理念、构建新发展格局，以国内大循环为主体，国内国际双循环相互促进，这既是要做大国内市场，也是要扩大开放。中国经济已经深度融入世界经济，可以说你中有我、我中有你，关起门来是没有出路的。中国会不断地、主动地扩大开放，这是中国自身利益的需要，也有利于世界。中国把内需市场做大，带动自身发展，也会给外资、外国产品和服务带来巨大的机会。我在参加代表团审议的时候，一位企业家说，抓住内循环就是要开拓国内市场，抓住双循环就是要开拓国际市场，两个市场还可以打通。他说得很朴实，但言简意赅。
Premier Li: China will have a keen grasp of the new development stage, implement the new development philosophy, and move faster to foster a new development paradigm with domestic circulation as the mainstay and domestic and international circulations reinforcing each other. This is to boost our domestic market and open China wider to the world. The Chinese economy has become deeply integrated into the global economy. Shutting its door to the world will lead nowhere. We will continue to take the initiative to open wider. This is what we need to do and it is also beneficial for the whole world. Rising domestic demand in China will drive its own development and present great opportunity for foreign investment, products and services. While I was attending the deliberation of a provincial delegation, an entrepreneur said that if one gets the domestic circulation, it will help him leverage the domestic market; by getting dual circulation, one will be in a good position to leverage the international markets, and the two markets can be linked up. He made the case in a simple and succinct way.

开放还需要各国共同努力，相向而行。经过8年的努力，去年东盟10国、中、日、韩、澳、新15国谈成了RCEP协定，这是世界上最大的自贸区，是不同社会制度、文化习俗，不同发展阶段国家共同建设的。这说明，只要相互尊重、平等相待，可以谈出共识，找到共同利益，扩大各国人民的福祉，而且有助于地区产业链、供应链的稳定，会给世界经济增添动力。中国是世界产业链、供应链的重要组成部分，我们不仅要发挥自身的作用，而且要履行自身的责任，维护以世贸组织规则为基础的多边贸易体制。只要是对互利共赢有利的，无论是多边、双边的机制，我们都持积极开放的态度。
Openness calls for joint efforts among countries. Last year, after eight years of negotiations, 15 countries, namely the 10 ASEAN countries, China, Japan, the ROK, Australia and New Zealand, concluded the RCEP agreement, the largest FTA in the world. This is an FTA among countries different in social system, cultural heritage and stage of development. Its conclusion shows that with mutual respect and equality, countries with such differences can work things through, reach consensus, identify common interests and add to the good of people of these countries. This agreement is also important for keeping regional industrial and supply chains stable and boosting global economic growth. China is an important component of the world industrial and supply chains. China will continue to play its due role and live up to its due responsibilities. We will continue to uphold the multilateral trading regime based on WTO rules, and China has a positive and open attitude towards any multilateral or bilateral mechanism that helps achieve mutual benefit.

我们会进一步主动地对外开放，继续缩减外商来华投资负面清单，继续推动包括服务业在内的对外开放。我注意到，很多外企关心中国的营商环境，我们还要继续打造市场化、法治化、国际化的营商环境。总而言之，通过多种努力，在扩大内需中不断扩大开放，继续让中国成为外商投资的重要目的地、世界的大市场。
We will continue to take the initiative to open further. We will further shorten the negative list on market access for foreign investors and further open up our services and other sectors. I know that foreign investors following keenly the development of China's business environment. We will continue to foster a world-class, market-oriented business climate governed by a sound legal framework. We believe that by taking various actions to expand domestic demand and further open up, China will remain a key destination for foreign investment and a big market to the world.

记者会采用网络视频形式进行，主会场设在人民大会堂三楼金色大厅，分会场设在梅地亚两会新闻中心。记者会历时约110分钟。
The Press Conference was held via video link between the main venue, the Golden Hall on the third floor of the Great Hall of the People, and the Press Center for the NPC and CPPCC Sessions at Media Center Hotel. It lasted for about 110 minutes.