2021年11月新闻热词汇总

数据分类分级保护制度 a category- and class-based data protection system

国家网信办近日公布《网络数据安全管理条例（征求意见稿）》（以下称为《意见稿》），并向社会公开征求意见。

According to the regulations, the country shall establish a category- and class-based data protection system. The data will be classified as common, important, and core on account of its importance to national security, public interests, as well as the legitimate rights and interests of relevant individuals or organizations, said the draft regulations. Different protection measures based on the classifications will be imposed.

《意见稿》指出，国家建立数据分类分级保护制度。按照数据对国家安全、公共利益或者个人、组织合法权益的影响和重要程度，将数据分为一般数据、重要数据、核心数据，不同级别的数据采取不同的保护措施。

 

《意见稿》要求，数据处理者应当建立数据安全应急处置机制（data processing entities should set up emergency response mechanisms），发生数据安全事件（data security incidents）时及时启动应急响应机制，采取措施防止危害扩大，消除安全隐患。

 

《意见稿》对个人信息保护（personal information protection）进行了具体规范，数据处理者利用生物特征进行个人身份认证的，应当对必要性、安全性进行风险评估，不得将人脸（face）、步态、指纹（fingerprint）、虹膜（iris）、声纹等生物特征作为唯一的个人身份认证方式（exclusive method for personal identification），以强制个人同意收集其个人生物特征信息（coercive collection of personal biometric information）。

 

数据处理者不得因个人拒绝提供服务必需的个人信息以外的信息，拒绝提供服务或者干扰个人正常使用服务（data processing entities shall not refuse to provide services or hinder normal services to users on the ground of being rejected when collecting personal information that is unnecessary for related services）。

 

学科类校外培训 curriculum-based academic training

教育部日前印发《义务教育阶段校外培训项目分类鉴别指南》（以下简称《指南》），从培训目的、培训内容等多个维度明确了义务教育阶段校外培训项目分类鉴别依据。

 

The Ministry of Education has asked local education authorities to differentiate academic tutoring companies from non-academic ones to prevent institutions from conducting curriculum-based training under the guise of non-academic tutoring.

教育部指导各地加强学科类校外培训项目鉴别工作，防范校外培训机构假借非学科类培训项目实际开展学科类培训服务等问题。

 

《指南》明确了义务教育阶段校外培训项目分类鉴别依据，即要从培训目的、培训内容、培训方式、评价方式等维度（based on the purpose, content, procedure and evaluation method of the tutoring），对培训项目进行综合考量。

 

《指南》指出，如符合以下特征，即判定为学科类培训（be classified as academic ones）。

一是培训目的以学科知识与技能培训为导向，主要为提升学科学习成绩服务（aim to improve students' academic knowledge and grades）。二是培训内容主要涉及道德与法治、语文、历史、地理、数学、外语（英语、日语、俄语）、物理、化学、生物等学科学习（academic subjects）内容。三是培训方式重在进行学科知识讲解（curriculum-based knowledge teaching）、听说读写算等学科能力训练，以预习、授课和巩固练习等为主要过程，以教师（包括虚拟者、人工智能等）讲授示范、互动等为主要形式。四是结果评价侧重甄别与选拔，以学生学习成绩、考试结果等作为主要评价依据（evaluate students based on their exam results）。

 

各地要组建专家组（organize expert teams）或委托专业机构，对无法直接判断的培训项目进行综合研判，得出鉴别意见。鉴别专家组应包括相关学科、课程、教学等方面专家，且相关人员及其直系亲属未在培训机构中任职或兼职、属于非利益相关方（not involved in the tutoring companies）。鉴别工作不得受外界干扰，不得徇私舞弊，确保结论的真实、客观、公正。

 

培训机构要进行自我研判、自评自查（conduct self-examination and evaluation），规范开展培训活动，不得出现名不符实的情况，不得隐形变异违规开展学科类培训活动。

 

北京冬奥会运动员菜单 menu for athelets at the Beijing 2022 Winter Olympics

北京2022年冬奥会和冬残奥会运动员菜单近日正式发布，来自世界各地的特色菜品“拼盘”成“舌尖上的冬奥”，向世界各地的冰雪健儿发出诚挚邀请。

 

Organizers of the Beijing 2022 Olympic Winter Games have released a menu of 678 dishes that will be served during the Games to athletes from diverse cultural backgrounds. The menu, approved by the International Olympic Committee (IOC), was designed to meet the different dietary needs of athletes, while also taking religious diversity into consideration, said the organizers.

北京2022年冬奥组委近日发布运动员菜单，共678道特色菜品。菜单制定充分考虑不同口味、不同文化背景、不同宗教的运动员的特定需求，已获国际奥委会审核同意。

 

在餐饮服务上，北京、延庆、张家口三个冬奥村（Olympic Village）的服务标准、时间和内容统一。设置12种餐台，每天约200道菜供各国运动员食用（around 200 dishes will be available for athletes each day），以每8天为一个周期进行轮换。每餐都有一系列素食和清真菜式，并提供犹太洁食服务（vegetarian, halal and kosher meals will be available），满足不同口味、不同宗教的特定饮食需求，让运动员充分感受中国的热情好客（Chinese hospitality）。

 

冬奥会赛时恰逢中国传统春节（the 2022 Winter Olympics coincides with China's Spring Festival），菜单将围绕“中国年味”（elements of the Chinese Lunar New Year），与国际上的节日相结合，增添特色饮食餐品供应，充分展示国家化餐饮服务特色。中国特色菜品（famous local dishes）包括西湖牛肉羹、木须肉、酱爆鸡丁等，结合中国东西南北美食（cuisines from all over China）主题，展示中国饮食文化的丰富性与多样性，有川菜、粤菜、鲁菜、湘菜等，让世界各地运动员充分感受、体验中国美食文化魅力（enable global athletes to fully experience Chinese cuisine）。

冬奥会(冬残奥会)赛时期间，奥运村部餐饮处（the catering service）严格遵守疫情防控要求。在运动员餐厅出入口（the entrance and exit of the restaurant）、取餐流线（the food distribution area）等关键点位，设置防疫用品台，摆放口罩、手套、酒精棉片（alcohol cotton pads）和免洗手消毒剂（hand-washing disinfectants）等消毒用品。进门后，设有智能保温取餐柜，实现人员分流就餐；设有智能引导机器人（guiding robots），提供咨询、引导服务。餐厅使用可降解环保餐具（biodegradable tableware），充分体现绿色办奥（hold a green Olympic Games）的理念。冬残奥会期间在运动员餐厅增设更多的无障碍餐饮服务（barrier-free access），增设可移动座位、设计盲文菜单（braille menus）、对菜签采取大字号进行标识。

 

媒体签证 visas for journalists

中美双方在11月16日元首视频会晤前，就媒体问题达成三项共识。在11月17日举行的外交部例行记者会上，发言人赵立坚应询对此作进一步介绍。

赵立坚说，

中方高度重视媒体问题，一直尽最大努力为包括美国在内的外国记者在华依法依规报道提供协助、便利和服务。与此同时，对美方对中国驻美媒体的歧视性做法予以明确反对。

China places great importance on the issue of media and has been doing its utmost to provide assistance, convenience and service to foreign journalists, including American journalists, in their reporting that is conducted in accordance with laws and regulations. In the meantime, we are unequivocally opposed to discriminatory practice on the US side against Chinese media in the US.

 

经过多轮磋商，近日，双方本着相互尊重、对等互惠的原则达成三项共识：
After multiple rounds of consultations, China and the United States have recently reached three consensuses on their visa policies for journalists based on the principles of mutual respect, reciprocity and mutual benefit.

 

一是双方相互保障在对方国家工作的现任常驻记者在严格遵守防疫政策和领事规定前提下可正常进出对方国家。
The two sides agreed to ensure that journalists from either country currently based in the other country can enter and leave that country normally on the premise of strictly observing laws and consular regulations.

 

二是双方同意为对方国家记者颁发一年多次入境签证。美方承诺将立即启动国内程序解决中国记者签证停留期问题，中方则承诺在美方政策措施到位后，给予驻华美媒记者同等待遇。
The two sides also agreed to issue one-year multiple entry visas to journalists from the other country, and the US side pledged to immediately initiate domestic procedures to address the "duration of status" issues for Chinese journalists. The Chinese side promised to give equal treatment to American journalists in China after the US policies enter into force.

 

三是双方将依法依规为符合申请要求的新任常驻记者对等审批签证。
Both parties will approve visas on an equal footing for new journalists who meet application requirements in accordance with laws and regulations.

 

赵立坚说，这一成果来之不易，符合双方媒体利益，值得珍惜（this achievement was hard-won, meets the interests of both sides, and is worth cherishing）。希望美方信守承诺（honor its words），尽快将有关措施政策落实到位（implement the relevant policies as soon as possible），同中方共同努力，为两国媒体在对方国家工作生活持续创造有利条件（work with China to continue creating favorable working and living conditions for the media of both countries）。

 

党的二十大代表选举 election of the delegates for the 20th National Congress of the CPC

最近，中共中央印发了《关于党的二十大代表选举工作的通知》，对二十大代表选举工作作出全面部署。中央组织部近日召开会议，对这项工作作出具体安排。

党的十九届六中全会决定，党的二十大于2022年下半年在北京召开。
The Communist Party of China (CPC) will convene its 20th National Congress in Beijing in the second half of 2022, the 19th CPC Central Committee decided at its sixth plenary session earlier this month.

 

党的二十大，是我们党进入全面建设社会主义现代化国家、向第二个百年奋斗目标进军新征程的重要时刻召开的一次十分重要的代表大会，是党和国家政治生活中的一件大事。
The congress comes at an important time when the CPC has embarked on a new journey to build a modern socialist country in all respects and to realize the Second Centenary Goal. It will be a highly important meeting and an event of great political significance for both the Party and the country.

 

认真做好二十大代表选举工作，是开好大会的重要基础。
The election of the delegates will lay an important foundation for the success of this congress.

 

党中央确定，二十大代表名额共2300名，由全国38个选举单位选举产生（according to the CPC leadership, a total of 2,300 delegates will be elected by 38 electoral units across the country）。做好二十大代表选举工作，要坚持以习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想为指导，坚持以党章为根本遵循，坚持党的性质宗旨，坚持和加强党的全面领导，充分发扬党内民主（intra-Party democracy），严格资格条件，严密产生程序，严肃选举纪律，确保选出的二十大代表素质优良、结构合理、分布广泛、党员拥护（ensure that high-caliber delegates are elected, their composition is well structured, and the delegates come from a broad spectrum with the support of other Party members）。

 

党中央提出，二十大代表应是共产党员中的优秀分子（excellent Party members）。要严把人选政治关，坚持把政治标准放在首位（political standards must be prioritized when selecting candidates），突出考察人选的理想信念、政治品格和道德修养（the candidates' commitment to ideals and convictions should be considered first, as well as their political character and moral traits），着重了解人选政治判断力、政治领悟力、政治执行力，增强“四个意识”、坚定“四个自信”、做到“两个维护”等方面的表现情况，对政治上不合格的一票否决。

 

要进一步优化代表结构（improve the composition of delegates），既要有各级党员领导干部（Party officials at each level），又要有生产和工作第一线的党员（those from the front line of production and work），保证生产和工作第一线代表比例，注重推荐工人、农民和专业技术人员党员中的先进模范人物（exemplary workers, farmers and professionals）作为代表人选；女党员和少数民族党员代表（female delegates and those from ethnic minority groups）应占一定比例。要有经济、科技、国防、政法、教育、宣传、文化、卫生、体育和社会管理等各方面的代表。

 

党中央要求，二十大代表的选举产生，采取自下而上、上下结合、反复酝酿、逐级遴选的办法进行。要深入开展宣传教育，广泛发动基层党组织和党员积极参与代表人选的推荐提名（grassroots Party members and organizations should be extensively mobilized to take part in the nomination of candidates），根据多数党组织和党员的意见，逐级遴选择优。

 

二十大代表选举工作从现在开始，到明年6月底前结束。
The election will run from now on until the end of June 2022, according to the statement.

 

代办级 the chargé d’affaires level

外交部11月21日发表声明。全文如下：

11月18日，立陶宛不顾中方严正抗议和反复交涉，允许台湾当局设立“驻立陶宛台湾代表处”。此举公然在国际上制造“一中一台”，背弃立方在两国建交公报中所作政治承诺，损害中国主权和领土完整，粗暴干涉中国内政。中方对此表示强烈不满和严正抗议，决定将中立两国外交关系降为代办级。
On November 18, Lithuania, in disregard of China’s strong protest and repeated representations, allowed the Taiwan authorities to set up a “Taiwanese Representative Office in Lithuania”. This act openly creates the false impression of “one China, one Taiwan” in the world, renounces the political commitment made by Lithuania in the communiqué on the establishment of diplomatic relations with the People's Republic of China, undermines China’s sovereignty and territorial integrity, and grossly interferes in China’s internal affairs. The Chinese side expresses its strong indignation and protest against this move, and decides to downgrade its diplomatic relations with Lithuania to the chargé d’affaires level.

【知识点】

据外交部网站“礼宾知识”介绍，外交代表机关（body of diplomatic representatives）是一国派驻另一国的官方代表机构。在达成建交协议后，建交双方在对方首都各自设立与外交代表等级相应的外交代表机关。外交代表机关通常分为三级：以大使（ambassador）为馆长的称大使馆（embassy）（以高级专员为馆长的称高级专员公署）；以公使为馆长的称公使馆（legation）；以代办为馆长的称代办处（chargé d’affaire）。

世界上只有一个中国，中华人民共和国政府是代表全中国的唯一合法政府。一个中国原则是国际社会普遍共识和公认的国际关系准则，是中国同立陶宛发展双边关系的政治基础。中国政府从维护中立关系的善意出发，一再警示立方不要再做背信弃义的事情。遗憾的是，立陶宛无视中国政府的严正立场，罔顾双边关系大局，罔顾国际关系基本准则，执意允许以台湾名义在立陶宛设立“代表处”，在国际上制造恶劣先例。鉴于中立赖以建立大使级外交关系的政治基础遭到立方破坏，中国政府为了维护自己的主权和国际关系基本准则，不得不将中立两国外交关系降为代办级。立陶宛政府必须承担由此产生的一切后果。我们敦促立方立即纠正错误，不要低估中国人民捍卫国家主权和领土完整的坚强决心、坚定意志、强大能力。
There is only one China in the world and the government of the People’s Republic of China is the sole legal government representing the whole of China. The one-China principle is an overwhelming consensus of the international community, a widely recognized norm governing international relations, and the political foundation for China and Lithuania to develop bilateral ties. The Chinese government has, out of goodwill to preserve China-Lithuania ties, repeatedly warned Lithuania against acting in bad faith. Regrettably, Lithuania has chosen to ignore China’s solemn position and to disregard the broader interests of bilateral ties and the basic norms governing international relations. It has allowed the establishment in Lithuania of the “Representative Office” bearing the name of Taiwan, thus creating an egregious precedent in the world. Given the fact that the political foundation for an ambassadorial-level diplomatic relationship has been damaged by Lithuania, the Chinese government, out of the need to safeguard national sovereignty and basic norms governing international relations, has no choice but to downgrade its diplomatic relations with Lithuania to the chargé d’affaires level. The Lithuanian government must bear all the ensuing consequences. We urge the Lithuanian side to immediately put right its mistake and not to underestimate the Chinese people’s strong resolve, will and capability to defend national sovereignty and territorial integrity.

我们也正告台湾方面，台湾从来不是一个国家。无论“台独”势力如何歪曲事实、颠倒黑白，都改变不了大陆和台湾同属一个中国的历史事实。企图挟洋自重，搞政治操弄，最终必将是死路一条。
We also have this stern warning for the Taiwan authorities: Taiwan is never a country. No matter how “Taiwan independence” forces try to misrepresent facts and confound black and white, the historical fact that the mainland and Taiwan belong to one and the same China cannot be changed. Attempts to seek foreign support for political manipulation will prove a dead end.

 

中美混双 Chinese and US mixed double

根据国际乒联消息，中国乒乓球协会联合美国乒乓球协会向国际乒联提交了允许中美混双配队参赛的申请。国际乒联执行委员会11月21日召开会议并批准了该请求。

 

Chinese and US players will team up in the mixed doubles competition at the 2021 Houston World Table Tennis Championships, said the International Table Tennis Federation.Chinese player Lin Gaoyuan will partner with US player Lily Zhang, and US player Kanak Jha will partner with Chinese player Wang Manyu.
国际乒联宣布，中美选手将跨国配对出战2021年休斯敦世乒赛混双比赛。中国选手林高远将搭档美国选手张安，美国选手卡纳克将搭档中国选手王曼昱。

林高远表示：

I’m really happy to be partnering with Lily Zhang for the Mixed Doubles event. She’s the top table tennis player in the US, our goal is to come out on top for this event. The biggest advantage about pairing with her is that she speaks Mandarin. I hope we can get into the groove soon, develop good chemistry and work hard towards a great performance. And I hope fans from both China and the US will cheer on the China-US Mixed Doubles pairs.
很高兴能够与张安配对参加世乒赛的混双比赛，张安是美国队一号， 我们的目标是争第一。我们配合最大的优势是她也会说中文，希望我们能够迅速进入状态，配合默契，通过努力取得好的成绩。希望两支球队的球迷都能为我们这两对混双组合加油。

 

张安表示：

It’s going to be amazing; it is so cool to be able to celebrate the 50th anniversary of Ping-Pong Diplomacy here in the US where the World championships will be held for the first time. I think it will be a historical moment, and I am really glad that our two countries are able to work together through sport. I am very excited to play with Lin Gaoyuan, it’s so cool to pair with a Chinese national team player. They’re the best in the world, so I will do my best and hopefully we can work well together and get a good result.
世乒赛首次在美国举行，同时庆祝“乒乓外交”50周年，真是太棒了！我认为这将是一个历史性的时刻，我很高兴我们两国能够通过体育进行良好的合作。能和林高远一起打球我很兴奋，和中国国家队球员搭档真是太棒了。他们是世界上最棒的，所以我会尽我所能，希望我们能很好地合作并取得好成绩。

国际乒联集团首席执行官史蒂夫·丹顿表示：

Once again, we are all witnessing the unique power of sport and how table tennis can create dialogues and foster mutual understanding. This will inspire us to deliver an extraordinary and historical Championships and to encourage the dreams, hopes and aspirations of not only the entire table tennis community but also the next generation worldwide.
我们要在休斯敦再次见证体育独特的力量，以及乒乓球在创建对话、促进相互理解方面发挥的作用。这将激励我们展示一场精彩又深具历史意义的世乒赛，激发整个乒乓球界乃至下一代追求梦想、希望和抱负。

 

世界乒乓球职业大联盟（WTT）理事会主席、中国乒协主席刘国梁是促成本次中美混双配对的关键人物，他表示：

A few days ago, when the Chinese team arrived in Houston, I was deeply moved by the efforts ITTF, USA Table Tennis and Houston Sports Authority put into organizing a sports event during a pandemic. We have been thinking about how we can build on the China-US friendship kickstarted by our predecessors 50 years ago, and further enhance this relationship through sports events, sports activities and community events. On this basis, the CTTA alongside USA Table Tennis proposed to ITTF to have Chinese and American players paired up for Mixed Doubles – so that these athletes, who are friends with each other, can work together in the competition; so that fans from both countries can cheer them on, opening a new chapter of Ping-Pong Diplomacy in this new era.
几天之前，当中国队到达休斯敦，看到疫情期间国际乒联、美国乒协、休斯敦体育局在组织赛事方面的努力，备受感动。我们一直在思考，“乒乓外交”50年后的今天，我们如何在前辈夯实的中美友谊的基础上，再深一步地通过体育赛事、体育活动、民间活动来增进两国的友谊。基于此，中国乒协联合美国乒协向国际乒联提出混双中美跨国配对的建议，让这几位原本就是朋友的运动员并肩上场，两个国家的球迷们共同为他们欢呼和呐喊，奏响新时期“乒乓外交”新篇章。

【知识点】

“乒乓外交”（Ping-Pong Diplomacy）始于1971年在日本名古屋举行的第31届世界乒乓球锦标赛（World Table Tennis Championships）期间美国选手科恩误上了中国队的大巴车，该事件促成了中华人民共和国与美国两国乒乓球队互访的一系列事件（the series of history-making reciprocal visits by the US and Chinese national table tennis teams），从此结束了中美两国20多年来人员交往隔绝的局面。中美两国乒乓球队的友好往来，不仅推动了中美两国关系正常化（normalizing the countries' strained relations）的进程，也加速了新中国走向世界的步伐。

这并非世乒赛首次出现跨国配对。2015年苏州世乒赛，在中国乒协的提议和推动下，国际乒联重新允许跨国组合参加世乒赛。

China's Ma Long and Germany's Timo Boll played doubles together at the Qoros 2015 World Table Tennis Championships held in Suzhou, China.
中国选手马龙搭档德国选手波尔参加苏州世乒赛的男子双打比赛。

Xu Xin paired with Yang Hae-un of South Korea to win the World Championships mixed doubles title in 2015.
许昕和韩国选手梁夏银搭档，拿到了2015年苏州世乒赛的混双冠军。

两年后的杜塞尔多夫世乒赛，方博搭档德国选手索尔佳获得了混双季军，也实现了德国队的一大突破。