习近平主持召开中央全面深化改革委员会第二次会议强调 建设更高水平开放型经济新体制 推动能耗双控逐步转向碳排放双控

中共中央总书记、国家主席、中央军委主席、中央全面深化改革委员会主任习近平7月11日下午主持召开中央全面深化改革委员会第二次会议，审议通过了《关于建设更高水平开放型经济新体制促进构建新发展格局的意见》、《深化农村改革实施方案》、《关于推动能耗双控逐步转向碳排放双控的意见》、《关于高等学校、科研院所薪酬制度改革试点的意见》、《关于进一步深化石油天然气市场体系改革提升国家油气安全保障能力的实施意见》、《关于深化电力体制改革加快构建新型电力系统的指导意见》。

习近平在主持会议时强调，建设更高水平开放型经济新体制是我们主动作为以开放促改革、促发展的战略举措，要围绕服务构建新发展格局，以制度型开放为重点，聚焦投资、贸易、金融、创新等对外交流合作的重点领域深化体制机制改革，完善配套政策措施，积极主动把我国对外开放提高到新水平。要锚定实现农业农村现代化、建设农业强国的战略目标，以处理好农民和土地关系为主线，加快补齐农业农村发展短板，为全面建设社会主义现代化国家打下坚实基础。要立足我国生态文明建设已进入以降碳为重点战略方向的关键时期，完善能源消耗总量和强度调控，逐步转向碳排放总量和强度双控制度。要把推动高校教师、科研人员薪酬分配制度改革作为统筹推进教育、科技、人才事业发展的重要抓手，逐步建立激发创新活力、知识价值导向、管理规范有效、保障激励兼顾的薪酬制度，进一步激发高等学校、科研院所创新创造活力。要围绕提升国家油气安全保障能力的目标，针对油气体制存在的突出问题，积极稳妥推进油气行业上、中、下游体制机制改革，确保稳定可靠供应。要深化电力体制改革，加快构建清洁低碳、安全充裕、经济高效、供需协同、灵活智能的新型电力系统，更好推动能源生产和消费革命，保障国家能源安全。

中共中央政治局常委、中央全面深化改革委员会副主任李强、王沪宁、蔡奇出席会议。

会议指出，当前，我国发展面临复杂严峻的国际形势。要完善开放型经济新体制的顶层设计，深化贸易投资领域体制机制改革，扩大市场准入，全面优化营商环境，完善服务保障体系，充分发挥我国综合优势，以国内大循环吸引全球资源要素，提升贸易投资合作质量和水平。要坚持底线思维、极限思维，抓紧健全国家安全保障体制机制，着力提升开放监管能力和水平。要把构建更高水平开放型经济新体制同高质量共建“一带一路”等国家战略紧密衔接起来，积极参与全球治理体系改革和建设。

会议强调，贯彻落实党的二十大对深化农村改革的部署，要着力巩固和完善农村基本经营制度，健全粮食安全保障制度，完善全面推进乡村振兴体制机制，健全城乡融合发展政策体系，加快推动重要领域和关键环节改革攻坚突破、落地见效，让广大农民在改革中有更多获得感。要把顶层设计同基层探索有机结合起来，允许和鼓励不同地区因地制宜探索，善于发现和总结基层的实践创造，对探索创新中遇到困难的要及时给予支持。

会议指出，党的十八大以来，我们把绿色低碳和节能减排摆在突出位置，建立并实施能源消耗总量和强度双控制度，有力促进我国能源利用效率大幅提升和二氧化碳排放强度持续下降。从能耗双控逐步转向碳排放双控，要坚持先立后破，完善能耗双控制度，优化完善调控方式，加强碳排放双控基础能力建设，健全碳排放双控各项配套制度，为建立和实施碳排放双控制度积极创造条件。要一以贯之坚持节约优先方针，更高水平、更高质量地做好节能工作，用最小成本实现最大收益。要把稳工作节奏，统筹好发展和减排关系，实事求是、量力而行，科学调整优化政策举措。

会议强调，开展高等学校、科研院所薪酬制度改革试点，要根据薪酬管理需要和实际，优化和规范分配制度，树立正确分配导向，坚持人才为本，突出创新优先，坚持薪酬分配要同绩效紧密挂钩，向扎根教学科研一线、承担急难险重任务、作出突出贡献的人员倾斜，向从事基础学科教学和基础前沿研究、承担国家关键核心技术攻关任务、取得重大创新成果的人员倾斜。要加强薪酬管理监督，确保把国家的钱用在人才激励和事业发展最需要的地方。

会议指出，要进一步深化石油天然气市场体系改革，加强产供储销体系建设。要加大市场监管力度，强化分领域监管和跨领域协同监管，规范油气市场秩序，促进公平竞争。要深化油气储备体制改革，发挥好储备的应急和调节能力。

会议强调，要科学合理设计新型电力系统建设路径，在新能源安全可靠替代的基础上，有计划分步骤逐步降低传统能源比重。要健全适应新型电力系统的体制机制，推动加强电力技术创新、市场机制创新、商业模式创新。要推动有效市场同有为政府更好结合，不断完善政策体系，做好电力基本公共服务供给。

中央全面深化改革委员会委员出席会议，中央和国家机关有关部门负责同志列席会议。

Xi stresses establishing new systems for higher-level open economy

Chinese President Xi Jinping on Tuesday presided over the second meeting of the Central Commission for Comprehensively Deepening Reform (CCCDR). A series of documents were examined and approved at the meeting. They include Opinions on Establishing New Systems for a Higher-level Open Economy to Build a New Development Paradigm, Implementation Plans on Deepening Rural Reform, Opinions on Promoting the Gradual Transition from Control of Total Amount and Intensity of Energy Consumption to Control of Total Amount and Intensity of Carbon Emissions, Opinions on Pilot Reform of Remuneration System in Higher Education Institutions and Research Institutes, Opinions on Deepening Reform of the Oil and Gas Market System and Strengthening the Capacity for National Oil and Gas Security, and Guiding Opinions on Deepening Power System Reform and Accelerating the Building of a New Power Industry.

Xi, also general secretary of the Communist Party of China (CPC) Central Committee, chairman of the Central Military Commission, and director of the CCCDR, stressed that establishing new systems for a higher-level open economy is a strategic measure to promote reform and development through opening up. Centering around fostering a new development pattern, institutional opening up should be the focus when it comes to further reform of systems and mechanisms in such key areas for international exchange and opening up as investment, trade, finance, and innovation, so as to improve supporting policies and measures, and proactively elevate the country's opening up to a higher level. With the strategic goal of realizing agricultural and rural modernization as well as building strong agriculture as the linchpin, the country should well manage the relationship between farmers and land, and speed up efforts to bolster the weak links in agricultural and rural development to lay a solid foundation for comprehensively building a modern socialist country. Since the country's building of an ecological civilization has entered a critical period with carbon reduction as a key strategic task, it is imperative to improve the control of total energy consumption and intensity, so as to gradually shift to a system for controlling both the total amount and intensity of carbon emissions. It is important to advance the reform of remuneration system for university teachers and research personnel as a pivot for boosting the development of education, science and technology, and talent. Such reformed remuneration system should invigorate innovation, orient education to knowledge value, feature standardized and effective management, and give equal weight to basics and incentives, so as to further spur the innovativeness and creativity of higher education institutions as well as research institutes. It is essential to focus on boosting the capacity to ensure oil and gas security and target prominent problems when promoting the reform of the upstream, midstream and downstream systems and mechanisms in the oil and gas industry, in a bid to ensure a stable and safe oil and gas supply. Besides, it is imperative to deepen electric power system reform by accelerating the building of a power industry that is clean, low-carbon, safe and providing abundant supply, economical and efficient, well-coordinated between supply and demand, and flexible and intelligent, so as to better promote the revolution in China's energy production and consumption, ensuring national energy security.

Li Qiang, Wang Huning and Cai Qi, members of the Standing Committee of the CPC Central Committee Political Bureau and deputy directors of the CCCDR, attended the meeting.

It was pointed out at the meeting that China's development is facing a complex and severe international situation. We should improve the top-level design of new systems for an open economy, deepen the reform of the system and mechanism in the field of trade and investment, expand market access, comprehensively optimize the business environment, improve the service guarantee system, give full play to China's comprehensive strengths, and attract global resources with the flow of domestic economy, so as to improve the quality and level of trade and investment cooperation. We must be prepared to deal with worst-case and extreme-case scenarios to promptly improve national security systems and mechanisms, and strive to promote the capacity and level of supervision and management over and of opening up. It is imperative to dovetail the building of new systems for a higher-level open economy with national strategies such as high-quality Belt and Road cooperation, actively participating in the reform and development of the global governance system.

It was emphasized at the meeting that to implement the arrangements of the 20th CPC National Congress for deepening rural reform, work must be done to consolidate and improve the basic system for rural operations, optimize the food security system, refine the system for comprehensively promoting rural revitalization, better the policies for integrated urban-rural development, and accelerate reform in important areas and key links for breakthroughs and effective results, letting the farmers have a stronger sense of fulfillment in the reform. It is necessary to combine top-level policy design with grassroots exploration, and allow and encourage different regions to explore according to local conditions. We should grow adept at discovering and summarizing grassroots practice and innovation, and give timely support to those having difficulties in exploration and innovation.

It was noted at the meeting that since the 18th CPC National Congress, we have given high priority to green and low-carbon development, energy conservation and emissions reduction, and established and implemented the system for controlling both the total amount and intensity of energy consumption. As a result, our country's energy consumption efficiency has greatly increased while the intensity of carbon dioxide emissions has considerably decreased. To transit from controlling the total amount and intensity of energy consumption to controlling those of carbon emissions, it's imperative to stick to the principle of building the new before discarding the old, refine the system for controlling the intensity and total amount of energy consumption, optimize and improve the methods of doing so, strengthen the basic capacity of controlling the intensity and total amount of carbon emissions, and improve all the relevant mechanisms in this regard, so as to create favorable conditions for establishing and implementing the system for controlling both the total amount and intensity of carbon emissions. We must remain committed to prioritizing resource conservation and do a good job in this regard at a higher level with higher quality, so as to get maximum returns at minimum cost. It is imperative to do our work in a stable manner, coordinate the relationship between development and emissions reduction, be realistic, do everything within our capacity and soundly adjust and improve the policies and measures.

It was stressed at the meeting that the pilot reform of remuneration system should be launched in higher education institutions and research institutes with the aim to improve and regulate the distribution system according to the need and reality of salary management. The income distribution policy should be talent-oriented, performance-based with the focus on innovation. Salary distribution should be favorable to the teachers and researchers who have made a significant contribution to urgent and arduous tasks, to the personnel who are engaged in teaching and research of basic disciplines and those who have made great breakthroughs in core technologies in key fields. Efforts should also be made to strengthen the supervision over salary management, so as to ensure that the national fund will be channeled to motivating the talented people and to the development of undertakings in need.

It was noted at the meeting that further efforts should be made to deepen the reform of oil and gas market system and strengthen the systems for energy production, supply, storage, and marketing. It is important to intensify market supervision and regulation, strengthen subsector and cross-sector oversight. It is imperative to standardize the oil and gas market in order to promote fair competition. It is essential to further the reform of the oil and gas reserve system so that it can play a better role in dealing with emergencies and necessary adjustment.

It was stressed at the meeting that we should build a new electric power industry in a professional and science-based manner, gradually reduce the proportion of traditional energy resources in the overall energy mix in a well-planned and phased way when new energy is safe and reliable as an alternative. It is imperative to improve the systems and mechanisms which can adapt to the new electric power industry and strengthen innovation in power technologies, market mechanisms, and business models. It is essential to promote better links between an efficient market and a well-functioning government, and continue to improve policies in order to secure the supply of basic public power services.

Members of the CCCDR were present. Leading officials of relevant central Party and government departments sat in on the meeting.