In US, an epidemic of prescription drug abuse

This is the VOA Special English Health Report.

Officials in the United States say deadly abuse ofpainkillers and other prescription drugs has reached epidemic levels. More than 36,000 people died from drug overdoses in 2008, the latest year available. That was almost as many as from road crashes.

More than half of the overdoses involved drugs that need a doctor's approval. And three-fourths of those deaths involved what are called opioid pain relievers. These include drugs like methadone; morphine; hydrocodone, also known as Vicodin; and oxycodone, or OxyContin.

Death rates from prescription drugs were highest among people 45 to 54 years old.

A recent government report said painkiller deaths more than tripled in the past decade. They now top the number ofheroin and cocaine deaths combined. The Obama administration released a plan last year to try to deal with the problem.

Some abusers seek help at places like the Malibu Beach Recovery Center near Los Angeles. They learn yoga and other ways to deal with anxiety, stress and pain. Yoga teacher Shannon Scott herself formerly abused Vicodin and the anti-anxiety pill Xanax.

SHANNON SCOTT: "Vicodin was a stimulant for me. So I also used Vicodin as something to, you know, get my engine going and carry me through the day. And then my Xanax would, you know, balance me out and bring me down and relax me."

Joan Borsten heads the center. She says stopping is difficult because the drugs change the body's chemistry.

JOAN BORSTEN: "In the case of pain pills, the body has stopped producing its natural defenses to pain, and they just have to have more and more and more and more, and finally there's nothing else to take."

Around the country, special drug courts work with addicts to get them counseling and treatment. Mary Ann Gunn is a retired drug-court judge. She now appears on "Last Shot With Judge Gunn," a television program that shows the effect of drugs on users and their families.

MARY ANN GUNN: "For instance, in 1999, the big problem was methamphetamine. And it was a cancer, if you will, throughout our country. And we have addressed that and are continuing to address it. And more and more over the years we began to see people being addicted to prescription drugs."

James Adams is a pharmacologist at the University of Southern California in Los Angeles. He says millions of people live with pain, much of it from arthritis caused by obesity and aging.

JAMES ADAMS: "And it's a real tough problem for a doctor because here you've got a patient with chronic pain, and these patients know exactly how to get what they want. And if that doctor doesn't give it to them, they just go to the next doctor."

He says many patients may be able to manage their pain if they lose weight and get exercise and physical therapy. Another solution: California and many other states have registries. These tell doctors and pharmacists what potentially dangerous drugs their patients are already taking.

And that's the VOA Special English Health Report. I'm Steve Ember.

painkiller: 止痛药

opioid: 阿片样物质；类鸦片

Vicodin: 维柯丁（一种止痛药）

oxycodone: 氧可酮；羟考酮

OxyContin: 奥施康定（一种强效止痛药）

heroin: 海洛因，吗啡

cocaine: 可卡因

methamphetamine: 甲基苯丙胺；脱氧麻黄碱（中枢兴奋药）

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（来源：VOA 编辑：Rosy）