八、大力推进生态文明建设

VIII. Making Great Efforts to Promote Ecological Progress

建设生态文明，是关系人民福祉、关乎民族未来的长远大计。面对资源约束趋紧、环境污染严重、生态系统退化的严峻形势，必须树立尊重自然、顺应自然、保护自然的生态文明理念，把生态文明建设放在突出地位，融入经济建设、政治建设、文化建设、社会建设各方面和全过程，努力建设美丽中国，实现中华民族永续发展。

Promoting ecological progress is a long-term task of vital importance to the people's wellbeing and China's future. Faced with increasing resource constraints, severe environmental pollution and a deteriorating ecosystem, we must raise our ecological awareness of the need to respect, accommodate to and protect nature. We must give high priority to making ecological progress and incorporate it into all aspects and the whole process of advancing economic, political, cultural, and social progress, work hard to build a beautiful country, and achieve lasting and sustainable development of the Chinese nation.

坚持节约资源和保护环境的基本国策，坚持节约优先、保护优先、自然恢复为主的方针，着力推进绿色发展、循环发展、低碳发展，形成节约资源和保护环境的空间格局、产业结构、生产方式、生活方式，从源头上扭转生态环境恶化趋势，为人民创造良好生产生活环境，为全球生态安全作出贡献。

We should remain committed to the basic state policy of conserving resources and protecting the environment as well as the principle of giving high priority to conserving resources, protecting the environment and promoting its natural restoration, and strive for green, circular and low-carbon development. We should preserve our geographical space and improve our industrial structure, way of production and way of life in the interest of conserving resources and protecting the environment. We should address the root cause of deterioration of the ecological environment so as to reverse this trend, create a sound working and living environment for the people, and contribute our share to global ecological security.

（一）优化国土空间开发格局。国土是生态文明建设的空间载体，必须珍惜每一寸国土。要按照人口资源环境相均衡、经济社会生态效益相统一的原则，控制开发强度，调整空间结构，促进生产空间集约高效、生活空间宜居适度、生态空间山清水秀，给自然留下更多修复空间，给农业留下更多良田，给子孙后代留下天蓝、地绿、水净的美好家园。加快实施主体功能区战略，推动各地区严格按照主体功能定位发展，构建科学合理的城市化格局、农业发展格局、生态安全格局。提高海洋资源开发能力，发展海洋经济，保护海洋生态环境，坚决维护国家海洋权益，建设海洋强国。

1. Improve development of China's geographical space

It is in geographical space that ecological progress can be advanced, and we must cherish every bit of it. Guided by the principle of maintaining balance between population, resources and the environment and promoting economic, social and ecological benefits, we should keep the pace of development under control and regulate its space composition. We should ensure that the space for production is used intensively and efficiently, that the living space is livable and proper in size, and that the ecological space is unspoiled and beautiful; and we should leave more space for nature to achieve self-renewal. We should keep more farmland for farmers, and leave to our future generations a beautiful homeland with green fields, clean water and a blue sky. We should ensure the speedy implementation of the functional zoning strategy and require all regions to pursue development in strict accordance with this strategy, and advance urbanization, agricultural development and ecological security in a scientific and balanced way. We should enhance our capacity for exploiting marine resources, develop the marine economy, protect the marine ecological environment, resolutely safeguard China's maritime rights and interests, and build China into a maritime power.

（二）全面促进资源节约。节约资源是保护生态环境的根本之策。要节约集约利用资源，推动资源利用方式根本转变，加强全过程节约管理，大幅降低能源、水、土地消耗强度，提高利用效率和效益。推动能源生产和消费革命，控制能源消费总量，加强节能降耗，支持节能低碳产业和新能源、可再生能源发展，确保国家能源安全。加强水源地保护和用水总量管理，推进水循环利用，建设节水型社会。严守耕地保护红线，严格土地用途管制。加强矿产资源勘查、保护、合理开发。发展循环经济，促进生产、流通、消费过程的减量化、再利用、资源化。

2. Promote all-around resource conservation

Resource conservation is an important way to protect the ecological environment. We should conserve resources and use them efficiently and bring about a fundamental change in the way resources are utilized. We should strengthen conservation efforts all the way, drastically reduce energy, water and land consumption per unit of GDP, and use such resources in a better and more efficient way. We should launch a revolution in energy production and consumption, impose a ceiling on total energy consumption, save energy and reduce its consumption. We should support the development of energy-efficient and low-carbon industries, new energy sources and renewable energy sources and ensure China's energy security. We should better protect water sources, impose a cap on total water consumption, promote water recycling, and build a water-conserving society. We should ensure that the red line for protecting farmland is not crossed and strictly control land uses. We should strengthen exploration, protection and proper exploitation of mineral resources. We should develop a circular economy to reduce waste and resource consumption, reuse resources and recycle waste in the process of production, distribution and consumption.

（三）加大自然生态系统和环境保护力度。良好生态环境是人和社会持续发展的根本基础。要实施重大生态修复工程，增强生态产品生产能力，推进荒漠化、石漠化、水土流失综合治理，扩大森林、湖泊、湿地面积，保护生物多样性。加快水利建设，增强城乡防洪抗旱排涝能力。加强防灾减灾体系建设，提高气象、地质、地震灾害防御能力。坚持预防为主、综合治理，以解决损害群众健康突出环境问题为重点，强化水、大气、土壤等污染防治。坚持共同但有区别的责任原则、公平原则、各自能力原则，同国际社会一道积极应对全球气候变化。

3. Intensify protection of the ecosystem and the environment

A sound ecological environment is the fundamental basis for sustainable human and social development. We should launch major projects for restoring the ecosystem, increase our capacity for producing ecological products, take integrated steps to control desertification, stony deserts and soil erosion, enlarge forests, lakes and wetlands, and protect biodiversity. We should accelerate construction of water conservancy projects, and enhance our capacity for responding to floods, drought and waterlogging in urban and rural areas. We should improve the system for preventing and mitigating natural disasters and become better able to respond to meteorological, geological and seismic disasters. We should take a holistic approach to intensifying prevention and control of water, air and soil pollution, putting prevention first and placing emphasis on serious environmental problems that pose health hazards to the people. We will work with the international community to actively respond to global climate change on the basis of equity and in accordance with the common but differentiated responsibilities and respective capabilities of all countries.

（四）加强生态文明制度建设。保护生态环境必须依靠制度。要把资源消耗、环境损害、生态效益纳入经济社会发展评价体系，建立体现生态文明要求的目标体系、考核办法、奖惩机制。建立国土空间开发保护制度，完善最严格的耕地保护制度、水资源管理制度、环境保护制度。深化资源性产品价格和税费改革，建立反映市场供求和资源稀缺程度、体现生态价值和代际补偿的资源有偿使用制度和生态补偿制度。积极开展节能量、碳排放权、排污权、水权交易试点。加强环境监管，健全生态环境保护责任追究制度和环境损害赔偿制度。加强生态文明宣传教育，增强全民节约意识、环保意识、生态意识，形成合理消费的社会风尚，营造爱护生态环境的良好风气。

4. Enhance system building to promote ecological progress

System building is crucial to protecting the ecological environment. Resource consumption, environmental damage and ecological benefits should be covered by the system of standards for evaluating economic and social development, and related goals, evaluation methods and reward and punishment mechanisms should be adopted in keeping with the need of promoting ecological progress. We should establish a system for developing and protecting China's geographical space and improve the system for providing the strictest possible protection for farmland and systems for managing water resources and protecting the environment. We should deepen reform of prices, taxes and fees for resource products, and establish a system for paying for resource consumption and compensating for ecological damage - a system that responds to market supply and demand and resource scarcity, recognizes ecological values and requires compensation in the interests of later generations. We should carry out trials for trading energy savings, carbon emission rights, pollution discharge rights and water rights. We should strengthen environmental monitoring and improve the system of accountability for ecological and environmental protection and the system of compensation for environmental damage. We should increase publicity of and education in ecological progress, raise public awareness of the need to conserve resources, protect the environment and promote ecological progress, and foster a social atmosphere of practicing moderate consumption and cherishing the ecological environment.

我们一定要更加自觉地珍爱自然，更加积极地保护生态，努力走向社会主义生态文明新时代。

We must treasure nature more consciously, protect the ecosystem more actively, and strive to usher in a new era of socialist ecological progress.