一周热词榜（3.18-3.25）

4. 增值税
value-added tax (VAT)

请看例句： Starting from May 1, the replacement of business tax with value-added tax (VAT) will be extended to construction, real estate, finance and consumer services, said a joint statement from the Ministry of Finance and the State Administration of Taxation. Second-hand housing transactions will require paying value-added tax, instead of business tax. 财政部和国家税务总局近日共同发布通知，营改增试点5月1日起扩大至建筑、房地产、金融和消费行业。二手房交易将由缴纳营业税改为缴纳增值税。

通知称，北上广深之外的城市，个人将购买不足2年的住房对外销售的(sell a second-hand house which was bought less than two years ago)，按照5%的征收率全额缴纳增值税(pay value-added tax at a rate of 5%)；个人将购买2年以上的住房对外销售的，免征增值税(enjoy value-added tax exemption)。

增值税的主要特点是以销项税(output tax)减去进项税(input tax)，让纳税人只为产品和服务的增值部分纳税；而营业税(business tax, sales tax)则通常按照营业收入(business revenue)总额和适用税率直接征税，不能减除进项税额。营业税改征增值税，即"营改增(the replacement of business tax with value-added tax)"的减税原理，在于取消了重复征税(duplicated taxation)。全面实施营改增，顺应了供给侧结构性改革(supply-side reform)的减税(tax cut)需求。

[相关词汇]

财政改革 fiscal reform

结构性减税 structural tax reduction

改革试点行业 pilot sectors

税收负担 tax burden

税级 tax brackets