2020年6月新闻热词汇总

重点人群 key population groups

国务院联防联控机制综合组6月8日公布了《关于加快推进新冠病毒核酸检测的实施意见》。

China will continue to make nucleic acid testing compulsory among all key groups and available for those who ask to be tested, according to the guideline.
意见明确，我国核酸检测将对重点人群“应检尽检”，其他人群“愿检尽检”。

重点人群包括：

close contact with COVID-19 cases
密切接触者

inbound travelers
境外入境人员

patients in fever clinics
发热门诊患者

new inpatients and their caregivers
新住院患者及陪护人员

staff working at medical institutions
医疗机构工作人员

quarantine and inspection staff at ports and borders
口岸检疫和边防检查人员

staff working at prisons and detention houses
监所工作人员

nursing home workers
社会福利养老机构工作人员

意见明确提出，提升检测能力（boost testing capacity），尽力扩大检测范围（expand the scope of testing）。意见还提出各地要加强公众监测预警，定期进行人群抽样检测（conduct spot-checks），掌握当地疫情发展变化，为动态调整常态化防控措施提供依据。

意见特别强调，各地要加强三级医院、传染病专科医院（infectious disease hospitals）、县（区）级及以上疾控机构（disease control and prevention institutions at county-level or above）、海关及有条件的县医院实验室建设，使其具备开展新冠病毒检测能力（enable them to conduct nucleic acid testing）。

留学预警 alert for overseas study

教育部6月9日发布2020年第1号留学预警，提醒谨慎选择赴澳或返澳学习。

预警指出，

Major Australian universities plan to resume classes in July, yet the COVID-19 pandemic has not been properly contained globally and there are still risks concerning international travel and opening schools, the ministry said.
澳大利亚主要高校计划于7月前后陆续开学。全球新冠肺炎疫情扩散蔓延势头没有得到有效控制，国际旅行和开放校园存在风险。

There have been also incidents of discrimination against Asians in Australia, it said.
疫情期间，澳大利亚发生多起针对亚裔的歧视性事件。

The ministry suggested that students and scholars should take a more prudent approach toward studying in the country, it added.
教育部提醒广大留学人员谨慎选择赴澳或返澳学习。

【单词讲解】

Prudent这个词经常表示“谨慎的，小心的”或者“稳重的，精明的”等意思，比如在《政府工作报告》中常见的“稳健的货币政策”就是prudent monetary policy，投资市场中“谨慎的投资者”是prudent investor，职场前辈给后辈的“中肯建议”是prudent advice。

文化和旅游部6月5日晚间发布公告，提醒我国游客切实提高安全防范意识，切勿前往澳大利亚旅游。

公告称，

The ministry warned Chinese people not to travel to Australia, as the country has seen a significant increase in racial discrimination and violence against Chinese and other Asian people due to the pandemic.
近期，由于受到新冠肺炎疫情影响，澳大利亚国内对华人和亚裔的种族歧视言行和暴力行为现象明显上升。文化和旅游部提醒中国游客切勿前往澳大利亚旅游。

外交部发言人华春莹在6月8日的例行发布会上表示，中方有关部门发布赴澳旅行提醒当然有充分事实依据。

她表示：

For a while, there have been many discrimination cases against China, Chinese and even Asians in Australia, which were also reported by Australian media.
过去一段时间来，澳国内针对中国、华人乃至亚裔的歧视现象层出不穷，澳媒体上有大量报道。

For example, some Australian politicians and media called the novel coronavirus "China virus" and viciously altered some elements on China's national flag and emblem. Many Chinese in Australia were insulted or even attacked. Some Chinese and Asian families' properties were vandalized. Chinese and Asians encountered unjust treatment at workplace.
比如，一些澳政客和媒体将新冠病毒称为“中国病毒”，恶毒篡改中国国旗、国徽图案；很多在澳华人华侨遭受言语侮辱甚至围攻伤害；一些华人和亚裔家庭财产遭到破坏，华人和亚裔在日常工作中遭受不公正待遇。

In Sydney, Melbourne, Brisbane, Perth and other Australian cities there has been racist graffiti against Chinese. According to statistics collected by Australian Human Rights Commission, in the first quarter this year, hundreds of Asians filed complaints for racial discrimination, accounting for 25 percent of the total.
悉尼、墨尔本、布里斯班、珀斯等多个澳城市出现带有对华种族歧视意涵的涂鸦或文字。根据澳大利亚人权委员会统计，今年第一季度已有数百名亚裔投诉遭受种族歧视，种族歧视投诉占比高达25%。

Australian Broadcasting Corporation reported that within one week in April, three racist attacks targeting Chinese families took place in Australia. From January to April, the state of New South Wales received 241 complaints for racial discrimination, while the number is 22 from March to the beginning of May in the state of Queensland.
据澳大利亚广播公司报道，4月一周内就发生3起针对华人家庭的种族主义袭击。新南威尔士州今年1到4月收到241起种族歧视投诉，昆士兰州警方3月到5月初收到22起种族歧视报案。

The Chinese government has been responsible in reminding Chinese citizens to make proper travel plans and protect themselves from harm. We also advise the Australian side to pay attention to the problems and take concrete measures to protect the security, rights and interests of Chinese nationals in Australia.
中国政府一向本着负责任的态度，提醒中国公民妥善安排出行计划，做好自身安全防护。我们也奉劝澳大利亚方面正视问题，采取切实措施维护和保障在澳中国公民的安全和权益。

强降雨 torrential downpours

据水利部门监测，受降雨影响，广西、广东、福建、浙江、江西、湖南、贵州、云南共计8省（区）110条河流发生超警以上洪水。

More than 20 people were killed or remain missing after torrential downpours unleashed floods in South China. The rain-triggered floods had affected some 2.63 million people in 11 provincial-level regions as of 2 pm Tuesday, the Ministry of Emergency Management said. The heavy rain forced the relocation of about 228,000 people, destroyed over 1,300 houses and brought direct economic losses of over 4 billion yuan (about $566 million), the ministry said.
强降雨引发的华南地区洪水已经导致20多人死亡或失踪。应急管理部表示，截至6月9日14时，降雨导致的洪涝灾害已造成11省（区、市）近263万人次受灾，22.8万人次紧急转移安置；1300余间房屋倒塌；直接经济损失超过40亿元。

【单词讲解】

在英文报道中，讲到“降雨”时通常会出现rain、drizzle、downpour、shower等词汇。其中，rain是“雨”的总称，我们通过在这个词的前面添加不同的形容词来表示不同程度的降雨，比如：heavy rain（大雨）、light rain（小雨）、中雨（moderate rain）、暴雨（torrential rain）、大暴雨（downpour）、特大暴雨（heavy downpour）。

广西

In Guangxi Zhuang autonomous region in South China, six people were killed and one is missing after days of downpours.
广西壮族自治区连日降雨导致6人死亡，1人失踪。

Over 1 million people have been affected by the floods, including 147,900 who were relocated to safe areas, the regional flood control and drought relief headquarters said Tuesday.
当地防汛抗旱总指挥部表示，受灾人数超过100万，有14万7900人被转移到安全地带。

湖南

In central Hunan province, seven people had been killed and one remained missing as of Tuesday.
截至6月9日，湖南中部已有7人死亡，1人失踪。

Authorities said 321,000 people were affected in 21 counties and cities of Hunan, and 11,000 residents were relocated and received assistance.
当地政府表示，湖南共有21个县市的32.1万人受灾，1.1万人被转移救助。

贵州

In Guizhou province in Southwest China, intense rain has left eight people missing or dead, the local emergency response department said, adding that 2,800 people were relocated.
贵州应急管理部门表示，强降雨已导致当地8人死亡或失踪，2800人被转移安置。

The rain and flooding also damaged 10,700 hectares of crops and damaged more than 2,800 houses in the mountainous province, according to the department.
降雨及洪水破坏农田1.07万公顷，损毁房屋2800多间。

广东

In south China's Guangdong province, over 20,000 people were relocated following heavy rains, the local emergency management department said Tuesday, adding that hundreds of tents, as well as clothes, bottled water and food, have been delivered to the hard-hit cities of Zhaoqing and Qingyuan.
广东省应急管理部门表示，受强降雨影响，当地已有超过2万人被转移安置，数百顶帐篷、衣物、瓶装水以及食物等物资已运抵受灾最严重的肇庆和清远。

中央气象台6月10日继续发布暴雨蓝色预警

From Wednesday night to Thursday night, heavy rain and rainstorms are expected in some parts of Hubei, Hunan, Jiangxi, Zhejiang, Fujian, Chongqing, Guizhou, Guangxi and Heilongjiang, the National Meteorological Center (NMC) said.
中央气象台表示，6月10日晚至6月11日晚，湖北、湖南、江西、浙江、福建、重庆、贵州、广西及黑龙江部分地区将有大雨或暴雨。

【知识点】

气象部门发布的暴雨预警一共有四个级别，由低到高分别是：蓝色、黄色、橙色和红色。

蓝色预警（blue alert）

标准：12小时内降雨量将达50毫米以上，或者已达50毫米以上且降雨可能持续。

黄色预警（yellow alert）

标准：6小时内降雨量将达50毫米以上，或者已达50毫米以上且降雨可能持续。

橙色预警（orange alert）

标准：3小时内降雨量将达50毫米以上，或者已达50毫米以上且降雨可能持续。

红色预警（red alert）

标准：3小时内降雨量将达100毫米以上，或者已达到100毫米以上且降雨可能持续。

国歌条例 National Anthem Ordinance

香港特区行政长官林郑月娥6月11日根据《中华人民共和国香港特别行政区基本法》第四十八条第三款，签署经特区立法会通过的《国歌条例》。《国歌条例》于6月12日刊宪公布，之后即时正式生效。

The National Anthem Ordinance provides for the playing and singing, protection and promotion of the national anthem to preserve the dignity of the country, enhance the sense of national identity among citizens and promote patriotism.
《国歌条例》为奏唱、保护及推广国歌订定条文，以维护国家的尊严，增强公民的国家观念，弘扬爱国精神。

The offences stipulated in the Ordinance only concern the misuse of the national anthem, or public and intentional acts with an intent to insult the national anthem.
《国歌条例》所订明的罪行只涉及不当使用国歌，或公开、故意、意图侮辱国歌的行为。

【单词讲解】

在法律用语中，ordinance多指地方性法规（a law, usually one made by a city or regional government）；regulation则多指行政机关或公司等组织机构制定的规章或者规定，比如，safety regulations，corporate regulations等。

第十二届全国人民代表大会常务委员会在2017年9月1日通过《中华人民共和国国歌法》(《国歌法》)，并于同年11月4日将《国歌法》列入香港基本法附件三。

In accordance with Article 18 of the Basic Law, the national laws listed in Annex III to the Basic Law shall be applied locally by way of promulgation or legislation by the HKSAR.
根据香港《基本法》第十八条的规定，凡列于香港基本法附件三的全国性法律，由香港特别行政区在当地公布或立法实施。

林郑月娥表示，

Like the national flag and the national emblem, the national anthem is the symbol and sign of the nation. As an inalienable part of the People's Republic of China, the HKSAR is duty-bound to preserve the dignity of the national anthem through legislation.
国歌与国旗、国徽一样，是国家的象征和标志。香港特别行政区作为国家不可分离的部分，立法维护国歌的尊严，是特区应有之义。

I hope that members of the public will respect the national anthem of their own volition, hence the promotion of the national anthem is of paramount importance. To let our next generation understand the history and spirit of the national anthem and to observe the etiquette for the playing and singing of the national anthem, the Education Bureau will update its learning and teaching resources and issue directions to schools through circulars to support schools in teaching students.
期望香港市民自觉尊重国歌，因此推广国歌的工作至为重要。为了让下一代了解国歌的历史和精神，以及遵守国歌奏唱的礼仪，特区政府教育局会更新学与教资源，并以通告形式向学校发出指示，支援学校教导学生。