2020年6月新闻热词汇总

本土疫情 domestically transmitted COVID-19 cases

6月13日凌晨，北京新发地批发市场董事长张玉玺表示：“相关部门抽检时从切割进口三文鱼的案板中检测到了新冠病毒，而该产品的货源来自京深海鲜市场。”

据报道，受该消息影响，北京的主要商超企业昨日都已连夜下架全部三文鱼。

Experts said it is extremely unlikely for seafood like salmon to be the carrier of the novel coronavirus, which was found on cutting boards for imported salmon at Beijing's Xinfadi wholesale market.
北京新发地批发市场切三文鱼的案板中检测到了新冠病毒，专家表示，像三文鱼之类的海鲜不太可能成为新冠病毒的载体。

中国疾病预防控制中心流行病学首席专家吴尊友表示，

Fish in their natural habitat cannot catch coronavirus, however, they can be contaminated by workers during capture or transportation.
鱼类在其自然栖息地不会带新冠病毒，不过在捕捞或运输过程中可能被工作人员污染。

Our seafood products are typically stored and transported in cold containers, thus it is possible for the virus to be preserved for a long time and increase the likelihood of infecting people.
很多海产品都是冷冻储存，在这样的环境下，病毒能够存活很长时间，传染人的几率也更大。

他认为，据既往的知识和经验初步判断，北京突然出现本土新冠疫情，有两种可能性：

The first may be the influx of meat and seafood to the market from all over the country and around the world. Some of it may have been contaminated by infected workers during processing and transportation, then the virus jumped from produce to people.
第一种可能，批发市场里被新冠病毒污染的海产品或肉类是源头。批发市场很多海产品、肉类等都是外地输入的，包括海外进口。新冠病毒感染者在处理和运输这些产品时可能会造成污染，从而导致经手处理的员工感染病毒。

The second possibility is person-to-person transmission. "The infected person who brought the virus into the market might be asymptomatic or have very mild symptoms, and the hustle and bustle of the market led to the cluster of new infections," he said.
第二种可能是人传人。他可能是一个从其他疫源地过来的人，被感染之后没有症状或症状很轻，此后对新发地批发市场造成了污染，导致了疫情的集聚。

国家卫健委高级别专家组成员、中国疾控中心流行病学前首席科学家曾光表示，

Based on preliminary analysis of the two early cases, the coronavirus strain in the latest outbreak is different from the ones found in China, and early data suggest it is a mutated variety from Europe.
根据对两个病例样本的初步分析，此次发病的病毒毒株不像是国内流行的类型，初步数据显示，可能是从欧洲方向来的变异类型。

However, people should take this finding with a grain of salt as more testing is being conducted to confirm the origin of virus.
不过，人们对这个结论也不可轻信，确认病毒来源还需进行更多检测。

新的疫情发生后，北京市迅速采取了应对措施。

All personnel in the Xinfadi market and nearby residents will receive nucleic acid tests and be put under medical observation. Those who have had close contact with workers at the market since May 30 should take the initiative to report to their employers and communities, and go through testing.
新发地市场所有工作人员及周边居民都将接受核酸检测及医学观察。5月30日以来与该市场工作人员有过接触的人员应主动向单位和社区报备，并接受核酸检测。

From 3 am on Saturday, the market has been shut down for probes into its contamination and infection risk, as well as cleaning and disinfection.
6月13日凌晨3时起，新发地市场闭市进行病毒感染风险调查以及消杀。

Eleven residential areas nearby are now closed to nonresidents, and several primary schools and kindergartens near the market are suspended.
周边11个居民小区封闭管理，小学和幼儿园停课。

Five suspended trade fairs have been disinfected and 252 agricultural product markets that are in operation are urged to conduct disinfection on a daily basis.
五个休市的交易市场进行消杀，另外252个还在营业的农产品交易市场要求每天进行消毒。

All hospitals were required to perform nucleic acid and antibody tests, a CT scan and a routine blood test on patients with a fever.
要求所有医院对发热病人进行核算检测、抗体检测、CT以及血常规检查。

抗疫特别国债 special government bonds for covid-19 control

为筹集财政资金，统筹推进疫情防控和经济社会发展，财政部决定发行2020年抗疫特别国债（一、二期），两期国债竞争性招标面值总额合计1000亿元。

财政部发布的公告指出，

The Ministry of Finance will issue two batches of fixed-rate special bonds, including 50 billion yuan of five-year bonds and 50 billion yuan of seven-year bonds. Both will be listed and traded on June 23, 2020.
在这两期特别国债中，一期为5年期固定利率附息债，二期为7年期固定利率附息债。两期国债竞争性招标面值总额均为500亿元，6月23日起上市交易。

【知识点】

国债（government bonds/treasury bonds）是由国家发行的债券（government debt securities issued by the central government），是中央政府为筹集财政资金而发行的一种政府债券，是中央政府向投资者出具的、承诺在一定时期支付利息（pay periodic interest）和到期偿还本金（pay a par amount equal to the principal at maturity）的债权债务凭证，由于国债的发行主体是国家，所以它具有最高的信用度，被公认为是最安全的投资工具。

我国的国债由财政部代表中央政府发行，除因为一些特殊项目而发行的特别国债外，常见的普通国债一般分为凭证式国债（certificated treasury bonds）和记账式国债（book-entry treasury bonds）。

今年的《政府工作报告》提出：

The deficit-to-GDP ratio this year is projected at more than 3.6 percent, with a deficit increase of one trillion yuan over last year. On top of this, one trillion yuan of government bonds for covid-19 control will also be issued. These are extraordinary measures for an unusual time.
今年赤字率拟按3.6%以上安排，财政赤字规模比去年增加1万亿元，同时发行1万亿元抗疫特别国债。这是特殊时期的特殊举措。

The aforementioned two trillion yuan will be transferred in full to local governments; a special transfer payment mechanism will be set up to ensure that funds go straight to prefecture and county governments and directly benefit businesses and people. These funds should be primarily used to ensure employment, meet basic living needs, and protect market entities. This includes giving support to cut taxes and fees, reduce rents and interest on loans, and increase consumption and investment. It is important to stress that government funds are public in nature and that no such funds are allowed to be withheld or diverted for non-designated uses.
上述2万亿元全部转给地方，建立特殊转移支付机制，资金直达市县基层、直接惠企利民，主要用于保就业、保基本民生、保市场主体，包括支持减税降费、减租降息、扩大消费和投资等，强化公共财政属性，决不允许截留挪用。

财政部副部长许宏才日前公开表示，抗疫特别国债主要用于有一定的资产收益保障的公共卫生等基础设施建设和抗疫的相关支出（infrastructure construction related to COVID-19 control），包括支持小微企业发展（support the development of small and micro enterprises）、财政贴息、减免租金补贴（provide fiscal and rent subsidies）等。

应急响应级别 the emergency response level

在6月16日晚间召开的北京市新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情防控工作新闻发布会上，北京市人民政府副秘书长陈蓓表示，经北京新冠肺炎疫情防控工作领导小组研究，按程序报批后，确定自6月16日起北京市突发公共卫生应急响应级别由三级调至二级（upgraded the emergency response to COVID-19 from level III to II）。

北京市应急响应级别由三级调至二级后，将坚持“九严格”措施，包括严格社区封闭式管理（closed-off management）和健康监测（health monitoring）；严格公共交通体温检测和公共场所测温验码等措施；严格进出京管控等。

People entering the city from overseas will be put under medical observation at designated places, and undergo nucleic acid tests.
境外入京人员全部集中观察和核酸检测。

Those from the medium- and high-risk neighborhoods and relevant people from the Xinfadi farm produce market, where most of the new confirmed cases are related, are not allowed to leave Beijing.
中高风险街乡、新发地市场相关人员禁止离京。

Classes are moved online for primary and middle school students, and class resumption of college students will be suspended.
恢复中小学各年级线上教学，高校学生停止返校。

The capital city demands certain team sports such as basketball, football and volleyball, to come to a halt.
停止开放篮球、排球、足球等团体性及对抗性运动项目。

Venues of cultural entertainment, swimming pools and gyms will remain closed.
关闭文化娱乐场所和地下空间体育健身场所、游泳馆等。

Interprovincial group tours will be suspended.
停止开放境内跨省区团队旅游业务。

Beijing will strictly enforce epidemic prevention measures in farmers' markets, restaurants, and canteens, and strengthen monitoring. Employees in those places must wear masks and gloves.
将对农贸市场、餐馆、食堂等采取严格的防控举措，加强监控。上述场所工作人员须佩戴口罩和手套。

The Chinese capital reported 106 domestically transmitted COVID-19 cases from June 11 to 15. Beijing has listed 27 neighborhoods as medium-risk zones, and one high-risk neighborhood.
6月11日至15日，北京市已报告106例本土传播病例，27个社区被列为中风险地区，1个社区为高风险地区。

出行管控 travel restrictions

为防止疫情风险扩散，北京严禁三类涉疫风险人员出京，并严格中高低风险地区进（返）京人员管控。

Beijing will carry out strict travel restrictions to curb the spread of COVID-19 and people at high risk are forbidden to leave the city, Pan Xuhong, deputy director of the Beijing Municipal Public Security Bureau, said at a news conference on Thursday morning.
北京市公安局副局长潘绪宏6月18日上午表示，为防止疫情风险扩散，北京市将采取严格的出行限制措施。

北京严禁三类涉疫风险人员出京，并严格中高低风险地区进（返）京人员管控。

三类人员具体包括：

The first category includes confirmed COVID-19 patients, suspected cases, close contacts, asymptomatic carriers and people with fever.
一是全市确诊病例、疑似病例、密切接触者、无症状感染者和有发热症状人员。

The second covers those who have visited Xinfadi wholesale farm-produce market or had close contact with relevant staff since May 30.
二是5月30日以来进出新发地批发市场和与市场工作人员有过密切接触的人员。

The third includes people living in medium- and high-risk areas.
三是中高风险地区人员。

Other personnel should avoid unessential travels outside Beijing, Pan said, adding that a negative nucleic-acid test certificate issued within the past seven days is a must for those who really need to leave the city.
全市其他人员原则上坚持“非必要不出京”，确需离京的，须持7日内核酸检测阴性证明。

同时，民航、铁路部门对全市确诊病例（confirmed cases）、疑似病例（suspected cases）、密切接触者（close contacts）、无症状感染者（asymptomatic carriers），以及5月30日以来进出新发地批发市场和与市场工作人员有过密切接触的人员，实行购票限制（impose restrictions on the purchase of tickets）。

The civil aviation and railway sectors will check temperatures and the negative nucleic acid test reports of outbound passengers before boarding.
民航、铁路部门对出京人员登机、登车前进行体温检测，查验核酸检测阴性证明。

All interprovincal bus lines operated by Beijing's carriers will be suspended starting from June 19.
6月19日起，北京市所有省际客运站运营的省际客运班线全部停运。