IX. The International Situation and Our External Work

九、国际形势和对外工作

Peace and development remain the themes of our era. To preserve peace and promote development bears on the well-being of all nations and represents the common aspirations of all peoples. It is an irresistible trend of history. The growing trends toward world multipolarization and economic globalization have brought with them opportunities and favorable conditions for world peace and development. A new world war is unlikely in the foreseeable future. It is realistic to bring about a fairly long period of peace in the world and a favorable climate in areas around China.

和平与发展仍是当今时代的主题。维护和平，促进发展，事关各国人民的福祉，是各国人民的共同愿望，也是不可阻挡的历史潮流。世界多极化和经济全球化趋势的发展，给世界的和平与发展带来了机遇和有利条件。新的世界大战在可预见的时期内打不起来。争取较长时期的和平国际环境和良好周边环境是可以实现的。

However, the old international political and economic order, which is unfair and irrational, has yet to be changed fundamentally. Uncertainties affecting peace and development are on the rise. The elements of traditional and non-traditional threats to security are intertwined, and the scourge of terrorism is more acutely felt. Hegemonism and power politics have new manifestations. Local conflicts triggered by ethnic or religious contradictions and border or territorial disputes have cropped up from time to time. The North-South gap is widening. The world is far from being tranquil and mankind is faced with many grave challenges.

但是，不公正不合理的国际政治经济旧秩序没有根本改变。影响和平与发展的不确定因素在增加。传统安全威胁和非传统安全威胁的因素相互交织，恐怖主义危害上升。霸权主义和强权政治有新的表现。民族、宗教矛盾和边界、领土争端导致的局部冲突时起时伏。南北差距进一步扩大。世界还很不安宁，人类面临着许多严峻挑战。

No matter how the international situation changes, we will, as always, pursue the independent foreign policy of peace. The purpose of China's foreign policy is to maintain world peace and promote common development. We are ready to work with all nations to advance the lofty cause of world peace and development.

不管国际风云如何变幻，我们始终不渝地奉行独立自主的和平外交政策。中国外交政策的宗旨，是维护世界和平，促进共同发展。我们愿同各国人民一道，共同推进世界和平与发展的崇高事业。

We stand for going along with the historical tide and safeguarding the common interests of mankind. We are ready to work with the international community to boost world multipolarization, promote a harmonious coexistence of diverse forces and maintain stability in the international community. We will promote the development of economic globalization in a direction conducive to common prosperity, draw on its advantages and avoid its disadvantages so that all countries, particularly developing countries, can benefit from the process.

我们主张顺应历史潮流，维护全人类的共同利益。我们愿与国际社会共同努力，积极促进世界多极化，推动多种力量和谐并存，保持国际社会的稳定；积极促进经济全球化朝着有利于实现共同繁荣的方向发展，趋利避害，使各国特别是发展中国家都从中受益。

We stand for establishing a new international political and economic order that is fair and rational. Politically all countries should respect and consult one another and should not seek to impose their will on others. Economically they should complement one another and pursue common development and should not create a polarization of wealth. Culturally they should learn from one another and work for common prosperity and should not exclude cultures of other nations. In the area of security, countries should trust one another and work together to maintain security, foster a new security concept featuring mutual trust, mutual benefit, equality and coordination, and settle their disputes through dialogue and cooperation and should not resort to the use or threat of force. We oppose all forms of hegemonism and power politics. China will never seek hegemony and never go in for expansion.

我们主张建立公正合理的国际政治经济新秩序。各国政治上应相互尊重，共同协商，而不应把自己的意志强加于人；经济上应相互促进，共同发展，而不应造成贫富悬殊；文化上应相互借鉴，共同繁荣，而不应排斥其他民族的文化；安全上应相互信任，共同维护，树立互信、互利、平等和协作的新安全观，通过对话和合作解决争端，而不应诉诸武力或以武力相威胁。反对各种形式的霸权主义和强权政治。中国永远不称霸，永远不搞扩张。

We stand for maintaining the diversity of the world and are in favor of promoting democracy in international relations and diversifying development models. Ours is a colorful world. Countries having different civilizations and social systems and taking different roads to development should respect one another and draw upon one another's strong points through competition and comparison and should develop side by side by seeking common ground while shelving differences. The affairs of each country should be left to the people of that country to decide. World affairs should be determined by all countries concerned through consultations on the basis of equality.

我们主张维护世界多样性，提倡国际关系民主化和发展模式多样化。世界是丰富多彩的。世界上的各种文明、不同的社会制度和发展道路应彼此尊重，在竞争比较中取长补短，在求同存异中共同发展。各国的事情应由各国人民自己决定，世界上的事情应由各国平等协商。

We stand for fighting against terrorism of all forms. It is imperative to strengthen international cooperation in this regard, address both the symptoms and root causes of terrorism, prevent and combat terrorist activities and work hard to eliminate terrorism at root.

我们主张反对一切形式的恐怖主义。要加强国际合作，标本兼治，防范和打击恐怖活动，努力消除产生恐怖主义的根源。

We will continue to improve and develop relations with the developed countries. Proceeding from the fundamental interests of the people of all countries concerned, we will broaden the converging points of common interests and properly settle differences on the basis of the Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence, notwithstanding the differences in social system and ideology.

我们将继续改善和发展同发达国家的关系，以各国人民的根本利益为重，不计较社会制度和意识形态的差别，在和平共处五项原则的基础上，扩大共同利益的汇合点，妥善解决分歧。

We will continue to cement our friendly ties with our neighbors and persist in building a good-neighborly relationship and partnership with them. We will step up regional cooperation and bring our exchanges and cooperation with our surrounding countries to a new height.

我们将继续加强睦邻友好，坚持与邻为善、以邻为伴，加强区域合作，把同周边国家的交流和合作推向新水平。

We will continue to enhance our solidarity and cooperation with other third world countries, increase mutual understanding and trust and strengthen mutual help and support. We will enlarge areas of cooperation and make it more fruitful.

我们将继续增强同第三世界的团结和合作，增进相互理解和信任，加强相互帮助和支持，拓宽合作领域，提高合作效果。

We will continue to take an active part in multilateral diplomatic activities and play our role in the United Nations and other international or regional organizations. We will support other developing countries in their efforts to safeguard their legitimate rights and interests.

我们将继续积极参与多边外交活动，在联合国和其他国际及区域性组织中发挥作用，支持发展中国家维护自身的正当权益。

We will continue to develop exchanges and cooperation with political parties and organizations of all countries and regions on the principles of independence, complete equality, mutual respect and noninterference in each other's internal affairs.

我们将继续坚持独立自主、完全平等、互相尊重、互不干涉内部事务的原则，同各国各地区政党和政治组织发展交流和合作。

We will continue to carry out extensive people-to-people diplomacy, expand cultural exchanges with the outside world, enhance the friendship between peoples and propel the development of state-to-state relations.

我们将继续广泛开展民间外交，扩大对外文化交流，增进人民之间的友谊，推动国家关系的发展。

The world is marching toward brightness and progress. The road is tortuous, but the future is bright. The forces for peace, justice and progress are invincible after all.

世界正向着光明和进步的目标迈进。道路是曲折的，前途是光明的。和平的力量，正义的力量，进步的力量，终究是不可战胜的。

X. Strengthen and Improve Party Building

十、加强和改进党的建设

In a large multi-ethnic developing country like ours, we must spare no efforts to strengthen and improve the Party's leadership and fully advance the great new undertaking of Party building if we are to rally the entire people to work heart and soul in building a well-off society in an all-round way and speed up the socialist modernization drive.

在我们这样一个多民族的发展中大国，要把全体人民的意志和力量凝聚起来，全面建设小康社会，加快推进社会主义现代化，必须毫不放松地加强和改善党的领导，全面推进党的建设新的伟大工程。

To strengthen and improve Party building, we must hold high the great banner of Deng Xiaoping Theory, implement the important thought of Three Represents in a comprehensive way and ensure that the Party's line, principles and policies fully reflect the fundamental interests of the people and the requirements of development of our times. We must adhere to the principle that the Party exercises self-discipline and is strict with its members, and further address the two major historical subjects of how to enhance the Party's art of leadership and governance and how to raise the Party's capacity to resist corruption, prevent degeneration and withstand risks. We must acquire an accurate understanding of social progress in contemporary China, and reform and improve the Party's way of leadership and governance and its leadership and working systems so that the Party will be full of vigor and vitality in its work. We must proceed with Party building ideologically, organizationally and in work style in parallel with institutional improvement, not only ensuring a good performance of our day-to-day work, but also tackling prominent issues in good time. Unyielding efforts will be made to ensure that our Party is forever the vanguard both of the Chinese working class and of the Chinese people and the Chinese nation as well as the core of leadership in building socialism with Chinese characteristics and that it always represents the development trend of China's advanced productive forces, the orientation of China's advanced culture and the fundamental interests of the overwhelming majority of the Chinese people.

加强和改进党的建设，一定要高举邓小平理论伟大旗帜，全面贯彻“三个代表”重要思想，保证党的路线方针政策全面反映人民的根本利益和时代发展的要求；一定要坚持党要管党、从严治党的方针，进一步解决提高党的领导水平和执政水平、提高拒腐防变和抵御风险能力这两大历史性课题；一定要准确把握当代中国社会前进的脉搏，改革和完善党的领导方式和执政方式、领导体制和工作制度，使党的工作充满活力；一定要把思想建设、组织建设和作风建设有机结合起来，把制度建设贯穿其中，既立足于做好经常性工作，又抓紧解决存在的突出问题。通过锲而不舍的努力，保证我们党始终是中国工人阶级的先锋队，同时是中国人民和中华民族的先锋队，始终是中国特色社会主义事业的领导核心，始终代表中国先进生产力的发展要求，代表中国先进文化的前进方向，代表中国最广大人民的根本利益。

1. Study and implement the important thought of Three Represents intensively and raise all Party members' level of the Marxist theory. The rise in the Party's ideological and theoretical level is an ideological guarantee for continued progress of the cause of our Party and state. We must highlight the Party's ideological and theoretical building. We must continue to arm all Party members with Marxism-Leninism, Mao Zedong Thoughtand Deng Xiaoping Theory and usher in a new upsurge in the study and implementation of the important thought of Three Represents. Party members and cadres, particularly senior and middle-rank cadres, should take the lead in studying and acting on the important thought of Three Represents. They should play an exemplary role in studying diligently, using their brains, emancipating their minds, keeping pace with the times and boldly engaging in practice and innovation. We will carry out an intensive education among all Party members in the history of development of Marxism and promote the truth-seeking and pioneering spirit. We will deepen our understanding of the laws on governance by the Communist Party, on building socialism and on development of human society and constantly enrich and develop Marxism.

（一）深入学习贯彻“三个代表”重要思想，提高全党的马克思主义理论水平。党在思想理论上的提高，是党和国家事业不断发展的思想保证。必须把党的思想理论建设摆在更加突出的位置。坚持用马克思列宁主义、毛泽东思想和邓小平理论武装全体党员，在全党兴起一个学习贯彻“三个代表”重要思想的新高潮。党员干部特别是高中级干部要带头学习和实践“三个代表”重要思想，成为勤奋学习、善于思考的模范，解放思想、与时俱进的模范，勇于实践、锐意创新的模范。在全党深入进行马克思主义发展史的教育，大力弘扬求真务实、开拓进取的精神，不断深化对共产党执政规律、社会主义建设规律和人类社会发展规律的认识，不断丰富和发展马克思主义。

2. Build up the Party's governing capacity and improve its art of leadership and governance. Faced with profound changes in the conditions of governance and social environment, Party committees and leading cadres at all levels must, in response to the requirements of the new situation and new tasks, acquire new knowledge, accumulate new experience and develop new abilities in practice, thus living up to the mission assigned to them and the full trust placed on them. They must view the world with broad vision, acquire a correct understanding of the requirements of the times and be good at thinking on a theoretical plane and in a strategic perspective so as to improve their ability of sizing up the situation in a scientific way. They must act in compliance with objective and scientific laws, address promptly the new situation and problems in reform and development, know how to seize opportunities to accelerate development and enhance their abilities of keeping the market economy well in hand. They must correctly understand and handle various social contradictions, know how to balance the relations among different interests, overcome difficulties and go on improving their ability of coping with complicated situations. They must enhance their awareness of law and know how to integrate the adherence to Party leadership and the people being the masters of the country with ruling the country by law and improve their abilities of exercising state power according to law. They must base themselves on the overall interests of the work of the entire Party and the whole country, firmly implement the Party's line, principles and policies, work creatively in light of realities and keep enhancing their ability of commanding the whole situation.

（二）加强党的执政能力建设，提高党的领导水平和执政水平。面对执政条件和社会环境的深刻变化，各级党委和领导干部要不辱使命、不负重托，就要适应新形势新任务的要求，在实践中掌握新知识，积累新经验，增长新本领。必须以宽广的眼界观察世界，正确把握时代发展的要求，善于进行理论思维和战略思维，不断提高科学判断形势的能力；必须坚持按照客观规律和科学规律办事，及时研究解决改革和建设中的新情况新问题，善于抓住机遇加快发展，不断提高驾驭市场经济的能力；必须正确认识和处理各种社会矛盾，善于协调不同利益关系和克服各种困难，不断提高应对复杂局面的能力；必须增强法制观念，善于把坚持党的领导、人民当家作主和依法治国统一起来，不断提高依法执政的能力；必须立足全党全国工作大局，坚定不移地贯彻党的路线方针政策，善于结合实际创造性地开展工作，不断提高总揽全局的能力。

3. Adhere to and improve democratic centralism and enhance the Party's vitality, solidarity and unity. Democratic centralism is a system that integrates centralism on the basis of democracy with democracy under centralized guidance. Inner-Party democracy is the life of the Party and plays an important exemplary and leading role in people's democracy. We should establish and improve an inner-Party democratic system that fully reflects the will of Party members and organizations, starting with the reform of the relevant systems and mechanisms on the basis of guaranteeing the democratic rights of Party members and giving priority to improving the systems of Party congresses and of Party committees. The system of Party congresses with regular annual conferences should be tried out in more cities and counties. We should explore ways to give play to the role of delegates when Party congresses are not in session. In accordance with the principle of collective leadership, democratic centralism, individual consultations and decision by meetings, we should improve the rules of procedure and decision-making mechanism within Party committees in order to give fuller play to the role of plenary sessions of Party committees. We need to reform and improve the inner-Party electoral system. We should establish and improve inner-Party information sharing and reporting systems and the system of soliciting opinions concerning major policy decisions. The centralization and unity of the Party and state are where the fundamental interests of the people of all ethnic groups lie. The whole Party and the entire nation must maintain a high degree of unity with regard to the guiding ideology, line, principles and policies and major questions of principle. All Party members must consciously abide by the principle that individual Party members are subordinate to the organization, that the minority is subordinate to the majority, that lower Party organizations are subordinate to the higher ones and that all the constituent organizations and members of the Party are subordinate to its National Congress and Central Committee. They must safeguard the authority of the Central Committee and ensure that its decisions are carried out without fail. Party organizations at all levels and all Party members, leading cadres in particular, must strictly abide by Party discipline. Under no circumstances should they be allowed to go their own ways in disregard of orders and prohibitions.

（三）坚持和健全民主集中制，增强党的活力和团结统一。民主集中制是民主基础上的集中和集中指导下的民主相结合的制度。党内民主是党的生命，对人民民主具有重要的示范和带动作用。要以保障党员民主权利为基础，以完善党的代表大会制度和党的委员会制度为重点，从改革体制机制入手，建立健全充分反映党员和党组织意愿的党内民主制度。扩大在市、县进行党的代表大会常任制的试点。积极探索党的代表大会闭会期间发挥代表作用的途径和形式。按照集体领导、民主集中、个别酝酿、会议决定的原则，完善党委内部的议事和决策机制，进一步发挥党的委员会全体会议的作用。改革和完善党内选举制度。建立和完善党内情况通报制度、情况反映制度和重大决策征求意见制度。党和国家的集中统一，是全国各族人民的根本利益所在。在指导思想和路线方针政策以及重大原则问题上，全党全国必须保持高度一致。全党同志必须自觉坚持个人服从组织、少数服从多数、下级组织服从上级组织、全党服从党的全国代表大会和中央委员会的原则，坚决维护中央权威，保证中央的政令畅通。党的各级组织和全体党员特别是领导干部，都要严格遵守党的纪律，决不允许有令不行、有禁不止、各行其是。

4. Build a contingent of high-caliber leading cadres and form an energetic and promising leadership. It is a matter of vital importance for maintaining prolonged stability of the Party and state to build a contingent of high-caliber leading cadres capable of assuming heavy responsibilities and withstanding the test of trials and tribulations, and especially to train a large number of outstanding leading cadres for the mission of running the Party, state and army in accordance with the principle of bringing up more revolutionary, younger, better educated and more professionally competent cadres. We should conscientiously implement the regulations on the selection and appointment of leading cadres and make a point of testing and identifying cadres in the practice of reform and development so as to promote to leading positions in good time those who are accredited with ability, integrity and outstanding performance and enjoy popular support. We should make greater efforts to train and select outstanding young cadres, helping them cultivate their Party spirit, pursue theoretical study and gain practical experience so that they will improve in all respects. We should do a better job of training and selecting women cadres, cadres from among ethnic minorities and non-Party cadres. We should continue to do well the work related to retired cadres. We should turn the leading bodies of the Party at all levels into staunch collectives that firmly implement the important thought of Three Represents mainly by improving their qualities, optimizing their composition, refining their work style and enhancing solidarity. We should train more and more successors to the cause of socialism with Chinese characteristics so that the cause of the Party and people will be carried forward.

（四）建设高素质的领导干部队伍，形成朝气蓬勃、奋发有为的领导层。按照革命化、年轻化、知识化、专业化方针，建设一支能够担当重任、经得起风浪考验的高素质的领导干部队伍，特别是培养造就大批善于治党治国治军的优秀领导人才，是党和国家长治久安的根本大计。要认真贯彻领导干部选拔任用条例，注重在改革和建设的实践中考察和识别干部，把那些德才兼备、实绩突出和群众公认的人及时选拔到领导岗位上来。加大培养选拔优秀年轻干部的工作力度，着重帮助他们加强党性修养、理论学习和实践锻炼，全面提高自身素质。进一步做好培养选拔妇女干部、少数民族干部和党外干部的工作。继续做好离退休干部工作。以提高素质、优化结构、改进作风和增强团结为重点，把各级领导班子建设成为坚持贯彻“三个代表”重要思想的坚强领导集体。必须不断培养和造就中国特色社会主义事业的接班人，确保党和人民的事业后继有人。