3. Advance the development of the western region and bring about a coordinated development of regional economies. The implementation of the strategy for the development of the western region bears on the overall situation of national development, the ethnic unity and the stability in border areas. To lay a solid foundation and go ahead in a down-to-earth manner, we must give priority to infrastructure and ecological environment improvement and strive for breakthroughs in a decade. We must develop industries with local advantages and propel the development of key areas. We should develop science, technology and education and train and make the best use of all human resources. The state should provide the western region with greater support in such areas as investment projects, tax policies and transfer payments, gradually build up long-term and stable sources of funds for its development, improve the investment environment, and guide foreign investment and domestic capital toward that region. People there should further emancipate their minds, enhance their self-development capabilities and explore a new path to accelerated development in reform and opening up.

（三）积极推进西部大开发，促进区域经济协调发展。实施西部大开发战略，关系全国发展的大局，关系民族团结和边疆稳定。要打好基础，扎实推进，重点抓好基础设施和生态环境建设，争取十年内取得突破性进展。积极发展有特色的优势产业，推进重点地带开发。发展科技教育，培养和用好各类人才。国家要在投资项目、税收政策和财政转移支付等方面加大对西部地区的支持，逐步建立长期稳定的西部开发资金渠道。着力改善投资环境，引导外资和国内资本参与西部开发。西部地区要进一步解放思想，增强自我发展能力，在改革开放中走出一条加快发展的新路。

The central region should redouble its efforts toward structural adjustment, giving impetus to industrialized operation of agriculture, transforming traditional industries, cultivating new economic growth points and speeding up industrialization and urbanization. The eastern region should quicken the pace of upgrading its industrial structure, develop modern agriculture, high and new technology industries and high value-added processing and manufacturing industries and further develop the outward-looking economy. We should encourage the special economic zones and the Pudong New Area in Shanghai to spearhead, among other things, institutional innovation and greater openness. We should support the northeastern region and other old industrial bases in accelerating their adjustments and transformation and support cities and areas mainly engaged in natural resources exploitation in their efforts to develop alternative industries. We should support the old revolutionary base areas and areas inhabited by ethnic minorities in expediting their development. The state should give more support to main grain producing areas. The eastern, central and western regions should strengthen economic exchanges and cooperation to complement one another and secure common development so as to form a number of distinctive economic zones and belts.

中部地区要加大结构调整力度，推进农业产业化，改造传统产业，培育新的经济增长点，加快工业化和城镇化进程。东部地区要加快产业结构升级，发展现代农业，发展高新技术产业和高附加值加工制造业，进一步发展外向型经济。鼓励经济特区和上海浦东新区在制度创新和扩大开放等方面走在前列。支持东北地区等老工业基地加快调整和改造，支持以资源开采为主的城市和地区发展接续产业，支持革命老区和少数民族地区加快发展，国家要加大对粮食主产区的扶持。加强东、中、西部经济交流和合作，实现优势互补和共同发展，形成若干各具特色的经济区和经济带。

4. Stick to and improve the basic economic system and deepen the reform of the state property management system. In line with the requirements of releasing and developing the productive forces, we must uphold and improve the basic economic system, with public ownership playing a dominant role and diverse forms of ownership developing side by side. First, it is necessary to consolidate and develop unswervingly the public sector of the economy. Expansion of the state sector and its control of the lifeline of the national economy is of crucial importance in displaying the superiority of the socialist system and reinforcing the economic strength, national defense capabilities and national cohesion. As an important component of the public sector, the collective sector of the economy plays a significant role in achieving common prosperity. Secondly, it is necessary to encourage, support and guide the development of the non-public sectors of the economy. The non-public sector of self-employed, private and other forms of ownership is an important component part of the socialist market economy. They play an important role in mobilizing the initiative of all quarters of the society to quicken the development of the productive forces. Thirdly, we must stimulate the development of the non-public sectors while keeping the public sector as the dominant player, incorporating both into the process of the socialist modernization drive instead of setting them against each other. All sectors of the economy can very well display their respective advantages in market competition and stimulate one another for common development.

（四）坚持和完善基本经济制度，深化国有资产管理体制改革。根据解放和发展生产力的要求，坚持和完善公有制为主体、多种所有制经济共同发展的基本经济制度。第一，必须毫不动摇地巩固和发展公有制经济。发展壮大国有经济，国有经济控制国民经济命脉，对于发挥社会主义制度的优越性，增强我国的经济实力、国防实力和民族凝聚力，具有关键性作用。集体经济是公有制经济的重要组成部分，对实现共同富裕具有重要作用。第二，必须毫不动摇地鼓励、支持和引导非公有制经济发展。个体、私营等各种形式的非公有制经济是社会主义市场经济的重要组成部分，对充分调动社会各方面的积极性、加快生产力发展具有重要作用。第三，坚持公有制为主体，促进非公有制经济发展，统一于社会主义现代化建设的进程中，不能把这两者对立起来。各种所有制经济完全可以在市场竞争中发挥各自优势，相互促进，共同发展。

Continuing to adjust the layout and structure of the state sector and reform the state property management system is a major task for deepening economic restructuring. We should give full play to the initiative of both the central and local authorities on the precondition of upholding state ownership. The state should make laws and regulations and establish a state property management system under which the Central Government and local governments perform the responsibilities of investor on behalf of the state respectively, enjoying owner's equity, combining rights with obligations and duties and administering assets, personnel and other affairs. The Central Government should represent the state in performing the functions as investor in large state-owned enterprises, infrastructure and important natural resources that have a vital bearing on the lifeline of the national economy and state security while local governments should represent the state in performing the functions as investors with regard to other state property. The Central Government and the provincial and municipal (prefectural) governments should set up state property management organizations. We should continue to explore systems and modes for managing state property effectively. Governments at all levels must strictly abide by the laws and regulations concerning the management of state property, persisting in the separation of government functions from enterprise management and separation of ownership from management so that enterprises can operate independently, assume sole responsibility for their profits or losses and preserve and increase the value of state property.

继续调整国有经济的布局和结构，改革国有资产管理体制，是深化经济体制改革的重大任务。在坚持国家所有的前提下，充分发挥中央和地方两个积极性。国家要制定法律法规，建立中央政府和地方政府分别代表国家履行出资人职责，享有所有者权益，权利、义务和责任相统一，管资产和管人、管事相结合的国有资产管理体制。关系国民经济命脉和国家安全的大型国有企业、基础设施和重要自然资源等，由中央政府代表国家履行出资人职责。其他国有资产由地方政府代表国家履行出资人职责。中央政府和省、市（地）两级地方政府设立国有资产管理机构。继续探索有效的国有资产经营体制和方式。各级政府要严格执行国有资产管理法律法规，坚持政企分开，实行所有权和经营权分离，使企业自主经营、自负盈亏，实现国有资产保值增值。

State-owned enterprises are the pillar of the national economy. We should deepen the reform of state-owned enterprises and further explore diversified forms for effectively realizing public ownership, especially state ownership. We should promote institutional, technological and managerial innovations in enterprises. Except for a tiny number of enterprises that must be funded solely by the state, all the others should introduce the joint-stock system to develop a mixed sector of the economy. Sources of investment must be diversified. The controlling shares in lifeline enterprises must be held by the state. Large and medium state-owned enterprises must continue their reform to convert themselves into standard companies in compliance with the requirements of the modern enterprise system and improve their corporate governance. Monopoly industries should carry out reforms to introduce competition mechanisms. We should form large internationally competitive companies and enterprise groups through market forces and policy guidance. We should give a freer rein to small and medium state-owned enterprises to invigorate themselves. We should deepen the reform of collective enterprises and give more support and help to the growth of the various forms of the collective sector of the economy.

国有企业是我国国民经济的支柱。要深化国有企业改革，进一步探索公有制特别是国有制的多种有效实现形式，大力推进企业的体制、技术和管理创新。除极少数必须由国家独资经营的企业外，积极推行股份制，发展混合所有制经济。实行投资主体多元化，重要的企业由国家控股。按照现代企业制度的要求，国有大中型企业继续实行规范的公司制改革，完善法人治理结构。推进垄断行业改革，积极引入竞争机制。通过市场和政策引导，发展具有国际竞争力的大公司大企业集团。进一步放开搞活国有中小企业。深化集体企业改革，继续支持和帮助多种形式的集体经济的发展。

We must give full scope to the important role of the non-public sector of self-employed, private and other forms of ownership of the economy in stimulating economic growth, creating more jobs and activating the market. We should expand the areas for the market access of domestic nongovernmental capital and adopt measures with regard to investment, financing, taxation, land use, foreign trade and other aspects to carry out fair competition. We should strengthen the supervision and administration of the non-public sectors according to law to promote their sound development. We should improve the legal system for protecting private property.

充分发挥个体、私营等非公有制经济在促进经济增长、扩大就业和活跃市场等方面的重要作用。放宽国内民间资本的市场准入领域，在投融资、税收、土地使用和对外贸易等方面采取措施，实现公平竞争。依法加强监督和管理，促进非公有制经济健康发展。完善保护私人财产的法律制度。

5. Improve the modern market system and tighten and improve macroeconomic control. We should give a fuller play to the basic role of the market in the allocation of resources and build up a unified, open, competitive and orderly modern market system. We should go ahead with reform, opening up, stability and development of the capital market. We should develop markets for property rights, land, labor and technology and create an environment for the equal use of production factors by market players. We must deepen the reform of the distribution system and introduce modern ways of distribution. We must rectify and standardize the order of the market economy and establish a social credit system compatible with a modern market economy. We must get rid of trade monopolies and regional blockades to allow free movement of goods and production factors on markets around the country.

（五）健全现代市场体系，加强和完善宏观调控。在更大程度上发挥市场在资源配置中的基础性作用，健全统一、开放、竞争、有序的现代市场体系。推进资本市场的改革开放和稳定发展。发展产权、土地、劳动力和技术等市场。创造各类市场主体平等使用生产要素的环境。深化流通体制改革，发展现代流通方式。整顿和规范市场经济秩序，健全现代市场经济的社会信用体系，打破行业垄断和地区封锁，促进商品和生产要素在全国市场自由流动。