这个周末要开峰会的上合组织，你知道多少？

5月28日，外交部举行中外媒体吹风会。国务委员兼外交部长王毅介绍习近平主席主持上海合作组织青岛峰会相关情况。

President Xi Jinping will chair the 18th Shanghai Cooperation Organization summit to be held in Qingdao, Shandong province on June 9-10, State Councilor and Foreign Minister Wang Yi announced. Leaders of SCO member states and observer states, as well as chiefs of relevant international organizations will attend the summit.

王毅宣布，上海合作组织成员国元首理事会第十八次会议将于6月9日至10日在山东省青岛市举行。中国国家主席习近平将主持会议并举行相关活动。上海合作组织成员国、观察员国领导人和有关国际组织负责人将应邀与会。

王毅表示，青岛峰会是上海合作组织扩员后召开的首次峰会，也是中国今年第二场重大主场外交活动。届时，习近平主席将同上海合作组织其他7个成员国、4个观察员国领导人，以及联合国等国际组织和机构负责人一道，共商合作大计。习近平主席将为各方来宾举行欢迎宴会，共同观看灯光焰火艺术表演，并将先后主持小范围和大范围会谈，就上海合作组织发展现状和前景（the current and future development of the SCO）、新形势下各领域合作（cooperation in all areas under the new situation），以及重大国际和地区问题（major international and regional issues）同大家深入交换意见，同其他成员国领导人共同签署并发表青岛宣言（Qingdao Declaration），批准10余份安全、经济、人文等领域合作文件（a dozen agreements on security and economic cooperation, and people-to-people exchanges）。结合青岛峰会，习近平主席还将邀请俄罗斯、哈萨克斯坦、吉尔吉斯斯坦以及伊朗总统对华进行访问，并同其他有关国家领导人举行双边会见。

那么，对于这个上海合作组织，你知道多少呢？我们来给大家科普一下。

上海合作组织（Shanghai Cooperation Organization，SCO）是首个以中国城市命名的国际组织，其成立的初衷就是共同维护本地区和平、安全与稳定。

上海合作组织是中华人民共和国、哈萨克斯坦共和国、吉尔吉斯共和国、俄罗斯联邦、塔吉克斯坦共和国、乌兹别克斯坦共和国，六个国家于2001年6月15日在中国上海宣布成立的永久性政府间国际组织（permenant inter-governmental international organization）。它的前身是“上海五国”（Shanghai Five）机制。

上海合作组织成员（member states）：中国、印度、哈萨克斯坦、吉尔吉斯斯坦、巴基斯坦、俄罗斯、塔吉克斯坦和乌兹别克斯坦；

观察员国家（observer states）：阿富汗、白俄罗斯、伊朗、蒙古；

对话伙伴国（dialogue partners）：阿塞拜疆、亚美尼亚、柬埔寨、尼泊尔、土耳其、斯里兰卡。

上海合作组织的最高决策机构是成员国元首理事会（The Council of Heads of State）。上海合作组织有两个常设机构（permanent bodies），分别是设在北京的秘书处（The Secretariat of the SCO）和设在塔什干的地区反恐怖机构（The Regional Anti-Terrorist Structure, RATS）。

【上海精神 Shanghai Spirit】

The cooperation within SCO is distinguished by its spirit of mutual trust, mutual benefit, equality, mutual consultations, respect for cultural diversity and aspiration for common development. These principles, known as Shanghai Spirit, will continue to serve as the basis for the relations between the SCO member states.

上合组织框架内合作的特点是“互信、互利、平等、协商、尊重多样文明，谋求共同发展”。这些被称作“上海精神”的原则今后仍然是上合组织成员国关系的基础。（摘自《上海合作组织至2025年发展战略》）

上合组织历届峰会成果回顾

第一次峰会——上海峰会

On June 15, 2001, the first meeting of the SCO Heads of State Council was held in Shanghai, China. At the meeting, the six heads of state signed the Declaration on the Establishment of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization, declaring that the SCO was formally established.

2001年6月15日，上合组织成员国元首理事会首次会议在中国上海举行。会上，六国元首签署了《上海合作组织成立宣言》，宣告上合组织正式成立。

第二次峰会——圣彼得堡峰会

On June 7, 2002, the second meeting of the SCO Heads of State Council was held in Saint Petersburg, Russia. The six heads of state signed three important documents, namely the Shanghai Cooperation Organization Charter, the Agreement on the Regional Anti-Terrorist Structure and the Declaration of Heads of State of the SCO, laying a foundation for the institutional and legislative construction of the SCO.

2002年6月7日，元首理事会第二次会议在俄罗斯圣彼得堡举行。六国元首签署《上海合作组织宪章》《关于地区反恐怖机构的协定》《上海合作组织成员国元首宣言》等三个重要文件，为上合组织的机制化和法律化建设奠定了基础。

第三次峰会——莫斯科峰会

On May 29, 2003, the third meeting of the SCO Heads of State Council was held in Moscow. At the meeting, the six heads of state discussed such important issues as how to seize opportunities, meet challenges, strengthen coordination, expand cooperation and promote regional peace and development in the new situation, and reached broad consensus. In addition, the six heads of state signed the Declaration of Heads of State of the SCO.

2003年5月29日，元首理事会第三次会议在莫斯科举行。会上，六国元首讨论了在新形势下如何抓住机遇、应对挑战、加强协调、扩大合作、促进地区和平与发展等重大问题，并达成广泛共识。六国元首还签署了《上海合作组织成员国元首宣言》。

第四次峰会——塔什干峰会

On June 17, 2004, the fourth meeting of the SCO Heads of State Council was held in Toshkent, the capital of Uzbekistan. The six heads of state officially launched the Regional Anti-Terrorist Structure of the SCO, signed and approved several important documents including the Tashkent Declaration and the Anti-Drugs Cooperation Agreement, and decided to take new initiatives to promote pragmatic cooperation on security and economy and establish a cooperative mechanism between the ministries of foreign affairs of member states. The Tashkent summit marked the end of the three-year founding stage of the SCO and the entry of a new period of all-round development. At the meeting, Mongolia was absorbed as a SCO observer.

2004年6月17日，元首理事会第四次会议在乌兹别克斯坦首都塔什干举行。六国元首正式启动上海合作组织地区反恐怖机构，签署、批准了《塔什干宣言》、反毒合作协议等多份重要文件，并决定采取新举措，推进安全和经济方面的务实合作，建立成员国外交部间协作机制等。塔什干峰会标志着成立三年的上合组织正式结束初创阶段，进入了全面发展的新时期。会上，蒙古国被吸收为上合组织观察员。

第五次峰会——阿斯塔纳峰会

On July 5, 2005, the fifth meeting of the SCO Heads of State Council was held in Astana, the capital of Kazakhstan. The six heads of state signed important documents including the Declaration of Heads of State of the SCO, and decided to give observer status to India, Iran and Pakistan.

2005年7月5日，元首理事会第五次会议在哈萨克斯坦首都阿斯塔纳举行。六国元首签署了《上海合作组织成员国元首宣言》等重要文件，并决定给予印度、伊朗、巴基斯坦观察员地位。

第六次峰会——上海峰会

On June 15, 2006, the sixth meeting of the SCO Heads of State Council was held in Shanghai. The six heads of state put forward a long-term plan on the development of the SCO in relation to the theme of carrying forward the "Shanghai Spirit", deepening pragmatic cooperation and promoting peaceful development, signed important documents including the Declaration on the Fifth Anniversary of the SCO and determined the direction and mission for the next development of the SCO.

2006年6月15日，元首理事会第六次会议在上海举行。六国元首围绕弘扬“上海精神”、深化务实合作、促进和平发展的主题，提出了上合组织发展的远景规划，签署了《上海合作组织五周年宣言》等重要文件，为上合组织的下一步发展确定了方向和任务。

第七次峰会——比什凯克峰会

On August 16, 2007, the seventh meeting of the SCO Heads of State Council was held in Bishkek, the capital of Kyrgyzstan. The six heads of state signed the Treaty of Long-term Good-neighborliness, Friendship and Cooperation among SCO Member States, determining the idea of the member states' people of "friendship for generations and peace forever" in a legal form.

2007年8月16日，元首理事会第七次会议在吉尔吉斯斯坦首都比什凯克举行。六国元首签署了《上海合作组织成员国长期睦邻友好合作条约》，把成员国人民“世代友好、永保和平”的思想以法律形式确定下来。

第八次峰会——杜尚别峰会

On August 28, 2008, the eighth meeting of the SCO Heads of State Council was held in Dushanbe, the capital of Tajikistan. The six heads of state reached important new consensus on the key directions of SCO's development and cooperation, guidelines for mutual relations and the basic position of foreign exchanges. Important documents, such as the Dushanbe Declaration of Heads of State of the SCO and the Regulations on the Dialogue Partner Status of the SCO, were adopted at the meeting.

2008年8月28日，元首理事会第八次会议在塔吉克斯坦首都杜尚别举行。六国元首就上海合作组织发展和合作重点方向、相互关系准则、对外交往基本立场等达成新的重要共识。会议通过了《上海合作组织成员国元首杜尚别宣言》《上海合作组织对话伙伴条例》等重要文件。

第九次峰会——叶卡捷琳堡峰会

From June 15, 2009 to June 16, 2009, the ninth meeting of the SCO Heads of State Council was held in Yekaterinburg, Russia. The six heads of state signed important documents, such as the Yekaterinburg Declaration and the Counter-Terrorism Convention. It was decided at the meeting that dialogue partner status was granted to Belarus and Sri Lanka.

2009年6月15日至16日，元首理事会第九次会议在俄罗斯叶卡捷琳堡举行。六国元首签署了《叶卡捷琳堡宣言》和《反恐怖主义公约》等重要文件。会议决定给予白俄罗斯和斯里兰卡对话伙伴地位。

第十次峰会——塔什干峰会

On June 11, 2010, the tenth meeting of the SCO Heads of State Council was held in Toshkent, the capital of Uzbekistan. The Tenth Meeting Declaration of Heads of State of the SCO was issued and the Regulations on the Admittance of New SCO Members and the Procedures and Rules of the SCO were approved at the meeting.

2010年6月11日，元首理事会第十次会议在乌兹别克斯坦首都塔什干举行。会议发表了《上海合作组织成员国元首理事会第十次会议宣言》，批准了《上海合作组织接收新成员条例》和《上海合作组织程序规则》。

第十一次峰会——阿斯塔纳峰会

On June 15, 2011, the 11th meeting of the SCO Heads of State Council was held in Astana, the capital of Kazakhstan. The six heads of state summarized the previous achievements and development experience in relation to the theme of looking back into the past, looking forward to the future, agglomerating consensus and consolidating unity, and signed the Astana Declaration on the Tenth Anniversary of SCO on the basis of the in-depth analysis of international and regional development, to make a strategic plan for the development of the SCO in the next ten years.

2011年6月15日，元首理事会第十一次会议在哈萨克斯坦首都阿斯塔纳举行。六国元首围绕回顾过去、展望未来、凝聚共识、巩固团结的主题，总结了过去的成就和发展经验，并在深入分析国际和地区形势发展的基础上签署《上海合作组织十周年阿斯塔纳宣言》，对上合组织未来10年的发展方向作出战略规划。

第十二次峰会——北京峰会

From June 6, 2012 to June 7, 2012, the 12th meeting of the SCO Heads of State Council was held in Beijing. Leaders present at the meeting exchanged in-depth views on deepening friendly cooperation among the member states and major international and regional issues, planned the future development of the SCO and reached new important consensus. The heads of state signed ten documents including the Declaration of Heads of State of the SCO on Building a Region with Lasting Peace and Common Prosperity. The heads of state of the SCO unanimously agreed to admit Afghanistan as a SCO observer and Turkey as a SCO dialogue partner.

2012年6月6日至7日，元首理事会第十二次会议在北京举行。与会领导人就深化成员国友好合作以及重大国际和地区问题深入交换意见，并对上海合作组织未来发展作出规划，达成新的重要共识。成员国元首签署了《上合组织成员国元首关于构建持久和平、共同繁荣地区的宣言》等10个文件。上合组织成员国元首一致同意接收阿富汗为上合组织观察员国、土耳其为上合组织对话伙伴国。

第十三次峰会——比什凯克峰会

On September 13, 2013, the 13th meeting of the SCO Heads of State Council was held in Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan. The heads of state present at the meeting jointly signed and issued the Bishkek Declaration of Heads of State of the Scathe summit approved the Guidelines for the Implementation of Provisions of the Treaty of Long-term Good-neighborliness, Friendship and Cooperation among SCO Member States (2013-2017).President Xi Jinping delivered an important speech entitled Carrying Forward the "Shanghai Spirit" and Promoting Common Development. China announced at the summit that the SCO Good-Neighborliness, Friendship and Cooperation Committee was established.

2013年9月13日，元首理事会第十三次会议在吉尔吉斯斯坦比什凯克举行。与会元首共同签署并发表了《上海合作组织成员国元首比什凯克宣言》。峰会批准《〈上海合作组织成员国长期睦邻友好合作条约〉实施纲要(2013-2017)》。国家主席习近平发表题为《弘扬“上海精神”，促进共同发展》的重要讲话。中方在峰会上宣布已成立上合组织睦邻友好合作委员会。

第十四次峰会——杜尚别峰会

On September 12, 2014, the 14th meeting of the SCO Heads of State Council was held in Dushanbe, Tajikistan. The participants exchanged views on further improving the work of the SCO, developing the long-term and good-neighborly friendship among the member states, safeguarding the regional security, enhancing practical cooperation as well as current major international and regional issues. President Xi Jinping delivered a speech entitled Gathering People's Will and Power and Coordinating Sincerely to Push SCO to a New Level, making four points of proposals. The heads of state signed and issued the Dushanbe Declaration, signed the Agreement among the Governments of SCO Member States on International Road Transport Facilitation, and approved amendments to the Procedures of Granting SCO Membership and the Memo Template of Obligations for Applicant States to Join the SCO.

2014年9月12日，元首理事会第十四次会议在塔吉克斯坦杜尚别举行。与会各方围绕进一步完善上海合作组织工作、发展上海合作组织域内长期睦邻友好关系、维护地区安全、加强务实合作以及当前重大国际和地区问题交换意见。国家主席习近平发表《凝心聚力、精诚协作，推动上海合作组织再上新台阶》的讲话，提出4点主张。成员国元首签署并发表了《杜尚别宣言》，签署了《上海合作组织成员国政府间国际道路运输便利化协定》，批准《给予上海合作组织成员国地位程序》和《关于申请国加入上海合作组织义务的备忘录范本》修订案。

第十五次峰会——乌法峰会

On July 10, 2015, the 15th meeting of the SCO Heads of State Council was held in Ufa, Russia. The theme of the meeting was to plan the future development of the SCO and coordinate stances on the development of the SCO and on major international and regional issues. President Xi Jinping delivered an important speech entitled Unite and Help Each Other and Address Challenges Together to Promote the SCO for New Leapfrog Progress. The heads of state jointly signed and issued the Ufa Declaration, approved a series of documents including the SCO Development Strategy Towards 2025, signed the Agreement on Border Defense Cooperation among SCO Member States, passed resolutions on starting the procedures of admitting India and Pakistan into the SCO and other resolutions, and issued a statement on the 70th anniversary of the victory of the World Anti-Fascist War by the heads of state of SCO member states, a statement on coping with drugs by the heads of state of SCO member states and a Press Communique of the meeting.

2015年7月10日，元首理事会第十五次会议在俄罗斯乌法举行。会议的主题是规划组织未来发展，就本组织发展及国际和地区重要问题协调立场。国家主席习近平发表题为《团结互助、共迎挑战，推动上海合作组织实现新跨越》的重要讲话。成员国元首共同签署并发表了《乌法宣言》，批准包括《上合组织至2025年发展战略》在内的一系列文件，签署《上合组织成员国边防合作协定》，通过关于启动接收印度、巴基斯坦加入上合组织程序等决议，发表成员国元首关于世界反法西斯战争胜利70周年的声明、关于应对毒品问题的声明以及会议《新闻公报》。

第十六次峰会——塔什干峰会

On June 24, 2016, the 16th meeting of the SCO Heads of State Council was held in Toshkent, the capital of Uzbekistan. President Xi Jinping delivered an important speech entitled Promoting Shanghai Spirit, Consolidating Solidarity and Mutual Trust, and Comprehensively Deepening the SCO Cooperation. The heads of state signed the Tashkent Declaration on the Fifteenth Anniversary of the SCO and other resolutions including those on the approval of the Action Plan for 2016-2020 on Implementation of the SCO Development Strategy Towards 2025, approval on the adoption of the Memorandum of the Obligations on the Entry of the Republic of India to the SCO, approval on the adoption of the Memorandum of the Obligations on the Entry of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan to the SCO, approval of the SCO Secretary General's Report on the Past Year's Work, and approval of the 2015 Work Report of the Executive Committee of the SCO Regional Anti-Terrorism Structure on Regional Anti-Terrorism Structure. They also witnessed the signing of such documents as the Memorandum of the Obligations on the Entry of the Republic of India to the SCO and the Memorandum of the Obligations on the Entry of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan to the SCO.

2016年6月24日，元首理事会第十六次会议在乌兹别克斯坦首都塔什干举行。国家主席习近平发表题为《弘扬“上海精神”、巩固团结互信，全面深化上海合作组织合作》的重要讲话。成员国元首签署《上海合作组织成立十五周年塔什干宣言》以及关于批准《〈上海合作组织至2025年发展战略〉2016—2020年落实行动计划》、批准签署《关于印度共和国加入上海合作组织义务的备忘录》、批准签署《关于巴基斯坦伊斯兰共和国加入上海合作组织义务的备忘录》、批准《上海合作组织秘书长关于上海合作组织过去一年工作报告》、批准《上海合作组织地区反恐怖机构理事会关于地区反恐机构2015年工作报告》等决议，见证了《关于印度共和国加入上海合作组织义务的备忘录》和《关于巴基斯坦伊斯兰共和国加入上海合作组织义务的备忘录》等文件的签署。

第十七次峰会——阿斯塔纳峰会

On June 9, 2017, the 17th meeting of the SCO Heads of State Council was held in Astana, the capital of Kazakhstan. President Xi Jinping delivered an important speech entitled Upholding Solidarity, Coordination, Openness and Inclusiveness and Building a Common Home of Security, Stability, Development and Prosperity. Leaders present at the meeting analyzed the SCO's development status quo, mission and prospects, exchanged views on major international and regional issues and reached broad consensus. India and Pakistan were formally given SCO membership at the meeting. The meeting decided that China will host the next meeting of the SCO Heads of State Council in 2018, and take over the SCO rotating presidency. The heads of state signed the Astana Declaration of the SCO Heads of State, the SCO Convention on Countering Extremism, the Resolution on Finalizing the Procedures of Admitting the Republic of India into the SCO and Granting It SCO Membership, the Resolution on Finalizing the Procedures of Admitting the Islamic Republic of Pakistan into the SCO and Granting It SCO Membership, the Resolution on the Proportion of the Membership Fee of SCO Member States under the Background of Granting the Republic of India and the Islamic Republic of Pakistan SCO Membership, the Resolution on SCO Secretary-General's Report on the SCO's Work in 2016, the Resolution on SCO Council of Regional Anti-Terrorist Structure's Report on Its Work in 2016, the Resolution on Regulations of Representative of SCO Regional Anti-Terrorist Structure and other documents.

2017年6月9日，元首理事会第十七次会议在哈萨克斯坦首都阿斯塔纳举行。国家主席习近平发表题为《团结协作、开放包容，建设安全稳定、发展繁荣的共同家园》的重要讲话。与会领导人分析了上海合作组织发展现状、任务和前景，就重大国际和地区问题交换意见，达成广泛共识。会议正式给予印度、巴基斯坦上海合作组织成员国地位。会议决定，上海合作组织成员国元首理事会下次会议2018年在中国举行，下任主席国由中国担任。成员国元首签署了《上海合作组织成员国元首阿斯塔纳宣言》、《上海合作组织反极端主义公约》、《关于完成接收印度共和国加入上海合作组织程序并给予其上海合作组织成员国地位的决议》、《关于完成接收巴基斯坦伊斯兰共和国加入上海合作组织程序并给予其上海合作组织成员国地位的决议》、《关于给予印度共和国和巴基斯坦伊斯兰共和国上海合作组织成员国地位背景下上海合作组织成员国会费比例的决议》、《关于〈上海合作组织秘书长关于过去一年上海合作组织工作的报告〉的决议》、《关于〈上海合作组织地区反恐怖机构理事会关于地区反恐怖机构2016年工作的报告〉的决议》和《关于〈上海合作组织成员国常驻地区反恐怖机构代表条例〉的决议》等。

参考来源：新华网，2017-2018上海合作组织轮值主席国官网

编辑：Helen