70年了，从《大闹天宫》到《霸王别姬》，有哪些电影值得珍藏？

Ahead of the 70th anniversary of the People's Republic of China, the column this weekend looks back at some of the movies that have made history or become game-changers in China's domestic industry.

随着祖国70周年的华诞越来越近，本周的专栏打算做个回顾，捋一捋我们的爸爸妈妈、爷爷奶奶们追过的那些经典影片，看它们如何曾书写历史或是改变电影行业的规则。

First, I want to highlight something: Over the past seven decades, China has produced more than 12,000 movies, thanks to painstaking efforts by several generations of Chinese filmmakers.

首先，我想先说一个很惊人的数字。在过去70年里，通过几代电影人筚路蓝缕的努力，中国已经生产了12000多部影片。

We now look at the timeline of films that were once the first of their kind and occupy a unique spot in Chinese cinematic history.

现在，就让我们跟着时间线，来看看那些曾创造过“第一”的影片和在影史占有独特地位的佳片。

Daughters of China (1949)

《中华女儿》(1949)

The first film themed on China's War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression (1937-45) after the founding of New China, Daughters of China was produced by Northeast Film Studio. Ling Zifeng, who made his directorial debut with this movie, later rose to become a leading figure among the country's "third-generation directors".

作为新中国建立后拍摄的第一部抗战题材影片，《中华女儿》由东北电影制片厂摄制，这是后来成为“第三代导演”中领军人物的凌子风的导演处女作。

The movie won the Striving for Freedom Award at the fifth Karlovy Vary International Film Festival, becoming the first title to scoop an international honor since New China was founded in 1949.

因该片于1950年在第五届卡罗维发利国际电影节上获得了“争取自由斗争奖”，也因此成为新中国第一部在国际电影节上获奖的影片。

The movie also laid the artistic foundation for Ling's exploration of female psychology and human nature. His later work, A Woman for Two (1988), starring established actress Liu Xiaoqing and actor Jiang Wen, exemplified Ling's filmmaking chops on handling female themes.

这部处女作也为凌子风在对女性心理和人性探索方面，奠定了深厚的艺术基础。1988出品的、由当时已大红大紫的刘晓庆和姜文主演的《春桃》，就展现凌导在女性题材方面的精湛功力。

Havoc in Heaven (1961-1964)

《大闹天宫》(1961-1964)

In the history of Chinese animation, if there's one movie that's destined to become immortal, it is the Shanghai Animation Film Studio's Havoc in Heaven. Its protagonist, the Monkey King, is a household name rooted in Chinese mythology and literature. Complete with fine art inspired by Peking opera and Chinese folk art, the movie scaled heights that no others could at the time.

在中国动画史上，有一部注定青史留名的影片，那就是上海美术电影制片厂的《大闹天宫》。美猴王的故事本就家喻户晓，加上京剧元素和中国民间艺术托底，让这部影片的艺术性到了当时难以企及的高度。

Its production team included the top names in Chinese animation those days. Directed by legendary animator Wan Laiming and Tang Cheng, the movie consists of two parts: the first one released in 1961 and the second one in 1964.

影片制作团队集结了当时中国动画界最优秀的人才，由动画圈传奇人物万籁鸣和唐澄联合执导。因影片分为上下两集，上集在1961年公映，下集1964年制作完成。

Because of the political situation at the time, the two parts were released together many years later. The movie reached over 40 countries and became a major success, winning numerous awards.

但由于当时的形势，影片直到多年后才全本面世，并传播到40多个国家，拿奖拿到手软。

Romance On Lushan Mountain (1980)

《庐山恋》(1980)

The 1980 film features the first kiss in cinema since the inception of New China and signified a shift in societal norms.

提到《庐山恋》，大概许多人会想到中国影史“第一吻”。虽然在今天看来，可能是爱情片里很常见的浪漫元素，但在当时却是石破天惊的创新之举。

It tells the story of Zhou Jun, the daughter of a former Kuomintang general who has immigrated to the United States. She meets Geng Hua, the son of a senior Communist Party official, during a visit to the Lushan Mountain and the two fall in love.

影片讲述了一位侨居美国的前国民党将军的女儿周筠回到祖国庐山游览观光，与高干子弟耿华巧遇，两人一见钟情并坠入爱河的故事。

The lead roles are played by 21-year-old Guo Kaimin and 22-year-old Zhang Yu. Neither had ever been in love when they were cast. So, crew members often "disappeared" during dinners, leaving the two alone to find their chemistry.

当时男女主演扮演者分别是当时21岁的郭凯敏和22岁的张瑜，两个年轻人当时还没谈过恋爱。剧组为了给他俩营造气氛，经常一起吃着饭，其他人默默不见了，就剩下他俩了。

The kiss became a nationwide sensation after the movie hit theaters. The scene gave the romantic movie a classic status, while kick-starting a trend of more openness and relatable characters in Chinese movies.

而那个女主角在男主角脸上轻轻的一吻，由此铸就了银幕经典。影片在公映后举国轰动，这也标志着中国电影文化开始走向更宽容、更富有人情味的方向。

Red Sorghum (1987)

《红高粱》(1987)

Scripted by novelist Mo Yan, Red Sorghum was Zhang Yimou's directorial debut and the first Chinese film to win the Golden Bear Award at the Berlin International Film Festival. The movie marks a time when Chinese films were beginning to earn recognition in the rest of the world.

莫言编剧的《红高粱》是张艺谋的导演处女作，也是中国第一部捧得柏林国际电影节金熊奖的影片，标志着中国电影和中国电影人开始走向更广阔的世界舞台。

There are some anecdotes from the film's production. One of the most well-known tales is perhaps that of Wu Tianming, then president of Xi'an Film Studio. He admired Zhang Yimou's talent so much that he generously gave him 30,000 yuan to plant red sorghums for major filming sequences, despite the fact that the film was yet to obtain government permission to shoot.

拍这部戏有着许多坊间趣闻，最有名的大概莫过于张艺谋要拍《红高粱》时，项目还没通过审批，但如果不赶在时令季节前种好高粱就来不及了。中国电影史上最著名的“伯乐”、时任西影长厂长的吴天明当机立断，给了张艺谋三万块去种高粱。也正是这片高粱地，让中国电影走向了世界。

Farewell My Concubine (1993)

《霸王别姬》(1993)

Farewell My Concubine proved to be the most glorious thing for its director, Chen Kaige, as it carved its place as a milestone epic in the history of Chinese cinema.

《霸王别姬》，是陈凯歌一生的高光时刻，也是中国电影的高光时刻。

Hong Kong actor Leslie Cheung's memorable incarnation as a leading Peking Opera artist set in a chaotic period makes the movie a classic that can never be replicated.

这部以京剧名角的悲欢离合带出时代动荡的故事，在风华绝代的张国荣的演绎下，成为难以复制的经典。

The movie received applaud overseas. It shared the Palme d'Or with The Piano at the 1993 Cannes Film Festival. Among its heavy-height awards was also best foreign language film at the Golden Globes.

影片赴海外参展后，惊艳四方。该片和《钢琴课》双双分享了法国戛纳国际电影节最高荣誉金棕榈大奖的“双黄蛋”，成为首部获此殊荣的中国影片。此后，该片还拿下美国金球奖最佳外语片奖等多项国际大奖。

Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon (2000)

《卧虎藏龙》(2000)

Director Ang Lee's martial arts epic Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon is the first and only Chinese film to scoop the best foreign language recognition at the Academy Awards.

李安导演的《卧虎藏龙》是中国第一部获得奥斯卡最佳外语片奖的华语影片，也是迄今为止唯一的一部。

With a nerve-wrecking narration centered around the conflicts of a legendary sword, the film displays unique oriental aesthetics of Chinese martial arts culture.

通过扣人心弦的叙事，影片围绕对一把传奇宝剑的争夺展开，展现了中国武侠文化浸润下独特的东方美学。

Hero (2002)

《英雄》(2002)

Despite Zhang Yimou's epic Hero receiving mixed reviews, the movie was the one that ushered in the era of blockbusters in Chinese cinema.

张艺谋的《英雄》虽然至今褒贬不一，但这部影片还是为中国开启了大片时代。

As a visual feast, the film has been one of the highest-grossing Chinese films in North America.

作为一部华丽丽的视觉盛宴，《英雄》迄今为止仍是北美票房最高的中国影片之一。

With an unprecedented expansion in the past decade, China has soared to become the world's second-largest movie market and has the most screens in the world, apart from boasting of an annual output of around 1,000 feature films.

这十几年来，中国电影产业以前所未有的速度狂飙猛进，跃居世界第二大电影市场，拥有全世界最多的屏幕，年产量也达千部左右。

Movie genres are diversified, extending from new mainstream films like Wolf Warrior 2 to sci-fi epic The Wandering Earth and animated runaway hit Ne Zha.

电影类型多样化发展，比如有新主流影片《战狼2》、科幻巨制《流浪地球》和动画爆款《哪吒之魔童降世》。

光影70年，中国电影的明天将更加灿烂多姿。

来聊聊你印象最深刻的那部影片吧！

作者：徐帆

来源：CHINADAILY微信公众号