2020年2月新闻热词汇总

减免企业社会保险费 cut corporate contributions to social insurance

人社部会同财政部、税务总局研究制定了《关于阶段性减免企业社会保险费的通知》，明确了免、减、缓三项措施。

To help enterprises withstand the epidemic and stabilize employment, the country will cut corporate contributions to the old-age pension, unemployment and workplace safety insurance funds by at least 500 billion yuan this year, according to You Jun, vice-minister of human resources and social security.
人社部副部长游钧表示，为了帮助企业抵抗疫情、稳定就业，我国今年将减免养老、失业以及工伤这三项社会保险单位的缴费，预计减免规模将超5000亿元。

【知识点】

我国的社保制度(social insurance system)由五险一金组成。所谓五险一金，即养老保险(endowment insurance)、医疗保险(medical insurance)、失业保险(unemployment insurance)、工伤保险(employment injury insurance)和生育保险(maternity insurance)，及住房公积金(housing provident fund)。

游钧在国务院联防联控机制新闻发布会上说:

Nationwide micro, small-and medium-sized enterprises－as well as all types of enterprises in Hubei province, the outbreak epicenter－will be eligible for exemption of the old-age pension, unemployment and workplace safety insurance payments from February to June.
免，即从2020年2月起，各省份可以对中小微企业的养老、失业、工伤保险的三项社保的单位缴费实行免征，免征的期限不超过5个月，即免征的政策可以执行到6月份。湖北省可以将免征的范围扩大到各类参保企业。

Large enterprises outside Hubei will see their contributions halved from February to April.
减，即湖北以外的全国其他省份对大型企业等其他参保单位的三项社保单位缴费可减半征收，减征的期限不超过3个月。

Companies undergoing severe difficulties due to the epidemic are eligible for the deferral of the three types of social insurance payments for as long as six months.No overdue fine will be charged during this period.
缓，即受疫情影响，生产经营出现严重困难的企业可申请缓缴，缓缴的期限原则上不超过6个月，缓缴期间免收滞纳金。

此外，住房城乡建设部会同财政部、中国人民银行研究提出了关于住房公积金的支持政策。

Before the end of June, companies may also apply for deferring their payments to the housing provident fund. Failure by employees to repay their housing provident fund loans due to the epidemic will not be taken as a default.
企业可按规定申请在2020年6月30日前缓缴住房公积金。受疫情影响住房公积金贷款不能正常还款的，不作逾期处理。

一线医护人员 frontline medical workers

2月22日，中央应对新型冠状病毒感染肺炎疫情工作领导小组印发《关于全面落实进一步保护关心爱护医务人员若干措施的通知》（以下简称《通知》）。

Front-line medical workers in Hubei province, including those with medical assistance teams from other parts of the country, will have their salaries tripled during the epidemic control fight, and subsidies for them will be further boosted, according to the document.
《通知》指出，将湖北省（含援湖北医疗队）一线医务人员薪酬水平提高2倍，同时进一步提高临时性工作补助。

【单词讲解】

Triple在这里用作动词，意思是“（使）增至三倍”，比如，一名医务工作人员原来的月薪是8000元，如果下个月的工资是8000元的triple，那就是24000元，实际上工资增加的幅度为原工资的两倍16000元，中文习惯表达为“提高了两倍”。其他表示倍数的词double（两倍）、quadruple（四倍）等也是同样的用法。

《通知》指出，新冠肺炎疫情发生以来，全国广大医务人员义无反顾冲上疫情防控第一线，为保护人民生命健康作出重大贡献。当前全国疫情防控进入关键时期，医务人员工作任务重、感染风险高、工作压力大，各地各有关部门务必高度重视对他们的保护、关心、爱护，加强各方面支持保障，解除他们的后顾之忧，使他们始终保持强大战斗力、昂扬斗志、旺盛精力，持续健康、心无旁骛投入战胜疫情斗争。

除提高薪酬待遇之外，《通知》还提出了其他保护关心爱护医务人员的措施。

要做好工伤认定和待遇保障。

Streamlined procedures to facilitate compensation for work-related infections will be provided.
简化理赔程序，保障医务人员及时享受工伤保险待遇。

要实施职称评聘倾斜措施。

Front-line medical workers who have participated in epidemic prevention and control will be given preference in cases of getting promotions or applying for professional titles.
一线医务人员在职称评聘中优先申报、优先参评、优先聘任。

要落实一线医务人员生活保障。

Clean and nutritious meals should be provided, together with comfortable living environment and commuter services.
干净、营养、便捷的就餐服务，舒适的生活休息环境，并解决通勤问题。

要加强医务人员个人防护。

The circular also stressed that demand for protective equipment at designated hospitals, fever clinics and quarantine facilities must be prioritized.
全力保障定点救治医院、发热门诊、集中隔离观察点等一线医务人员防护物资需求。

要确保轮换休整到位。

Medical workers will take mandatory rest after long working hours, their paid vacation days should be increased after the epidemic.
对长时间高负荷工作人员安排强制休息。疫情结束后，适当增加休息和带薪休假时间。

要及时做好心理调适疏导。

Medical workers will receive mental health consultation.
开展一线医务人员心理健康评估。

要切实落实有困难家庭的照顾帮扶。

Family members of medical workers who have difficulties in their daily lives will receive greater support, according to the circular. They will gain improved access to medical care, and community officials will be responsible for providing assistance to them, including their children.
开通一线医务人员家属就医绿色通道，建立社区干部联系帮扶一线医务人员家庭制度，对于一线医务人员子女教育给予更多帮助关爱。

要创造更加安全的执业环境。

We should safeguard the legitimate rights and interests of medical workers.
保障医务人员合法权益。

要开展烈士褒扬和先进表彰。

We should award outstanding medical workers and honor those who died fighting the epidemic as martyrs, and give preferential treatment to their children in school enrolling.
依法做好因疫情防控牺牲殉职人员的烈士评定和褒扬工作，对于获得表彰以及被认定为烈士的医务人员的子女，在入学升学方面按规定享受相关待遇。

景区实名制购票 real-name ticketing at scenic spots

文化和旅游部2月25日下发的《旅游景区恢复开放疫情防控措施指南》明确，景区恢复开放应坚持分区分级原则，不搞“一刀切”，疫情高风险地区旅游景区暂缓开放，疫情中、低风险地区的旅游景区开放由当地党委政府决定。

The guidelines required real-name ticketing, registration of tourists' contact and travel information and big data-powered monitoring of tourist information as scenic attractions have gradually started reopening to the public.
随着各地旅游景区陆续恢复开放，指南要求景区实行实名制购票，记录入园游客联络方式、来往交通等信息，利用大数据等手段，做好游客信息动态监测。

指南要求：

各地恢复开放的景区应严控游客流量（control tourist volume），有效采取门票预约、智慧引导等手段，科学分流疏导游客，防止人员聚集（avoid crowds）。

应采取分时段、间隔性办法安排游客入园（allow tourists admission during different time periods），景区出入口（entrances and exits of scenic spots）、重要参观点（hot tourist spots）等容易出现人员聚集的位置要配备管理人员，加强游客秩序管理。

指南鼓励各景区采取互联网售票（online ticketing）、二维码验票（check in with QR code）等方式减少人员接触，游客在测量体温、佩戴口罩后方可入园（tourists should have their temperatures taken and wear masks before entrance）。

对发现疑似病例的景区，要立即采取隔离措施（take quarantine measures），加强密切接触者追踪（tracking close contacts）、疫点消毒工作（disinfection），并暂时关闭景区，待情况得到控制后，再按程序报批恢复开放。

景区恢复开放前应做好员工健康监测和报告（monitor and report their employees' health conditions），掌握员工出行轨迹（travel records）等情况，对来自疫情严重地区的人员要实施隔离观察，实行“一进一测一登记”制度，进入景区前须进行体温检测。

硕士研究生扩招 expand enrolment of postgraduates

近日召开的国务院常务会议推出鼓励吸纳高校毕业生和农民工就业的措施。

he meeting decided to expand the enrolment of postgraduates and degree programs for junior college graduates, create more jobs in medical and social services at the community level, and strengthen support for micro and small enterprises to recruit more college graduates.
会议决定，扩大今年硕士研究生招生和专升本规模，增加基层医疗、社会服务等岗位招募规模，加大对小微企业吸纳高校毕业生就业的支持。

【单词讲解】

在国外大学招生的过程中，经常会看到admission和enrolment这两个词，具体说来，admission指的是这个学校的招生条件，符合这个条件的学生都可以报考/申请这个学校，所以，admission一般指整个的招生录取过程；而enrolment则指最后被学校录取、学生入校注册。当然，admission在日常的使用中还有“准许进入（某地）”的意思，比如admission fee就是“入场费、门票费”。

教育部的数据显示，报名参加2020年硕士研究生考试的考生人数创新高。

A total of 3.41 million people took part in China's 2020 national entrance exam for postgraduate studies in Decembber, 510,000 more than last year, the Ministry of Education said. A record 8.74 million university students are expected to graduate this year.
去年12月份参加2020年硕士研究生考试的考生达到341万，比上年增加了51万。今年的大学毕业生预计将有874万。

国务院常务会议推出的其他鼓励就业措施还包括：

引导用人单位推迟面试和录取时间（postpone interviews and hiring），对延迟离校应届毕业生推迟报到、落户等时限（delay the registration time and settlement of hukou for graduates who defer their graduation）。

对离校未就业高校毕业生提供2年户口和档案托管（unemployed graduates can have their hukou and personal files held in trust for two years），按应届毕业生身份办理就业手续。

积极扩大农民工就业。加大稳岗和就业补助。拓宽就地就近就业渠道（create more local or nearby jobs）。

新上一批带动就业能力强的项目（a group of new projects providing a large number of posts will be approved）。

重大工程建设、以工代赈项目优先吸纳贫困劳动力（prioritize poverty-stricken workers in recruitment）。

共享员工 employee sharing

新冠肺炎疫情打乱了很多行业的阵脚。很多餐饮企业遭遇寒冬，门庭冷落客流稀少；新零售企业的线上订单却呈爆发式增长，人手出现短缺，于是出现了“共享员工”这一新的用工模式。

Several Chinese companies are temporarily hiring — or “sharing” — employees from businesses that haven’t resumed operations or are only partially operating due to concerns over the novel coronavirus epidemic. The so-called shared employees, known as gongxiang yuangong in Chinese, are being hired by supermarkets, e-commerce platforms’ retail stores, and other companies or factories to ease the workforce crunch.
我国多家企业正在临时雇用因为新冠疫情而没有复工或仅部分复工企业的员工。这些员工被称为“共享员工”，他们受雇于超市、电商零售店以及其他公司或工厂以缓解用工荒。

2月初，盒马鲜生超市发布公告，宣布接纳云海肴、青年餐厅的部分员工入驻盒马门店工作，相关合作涉及上海、北京、南京等多地，共计近500人。

According to domestic media outlet National Business Daily, more than 3,000 new employees had joined Hema as of Feb 19, while over 4,000 people had signed up for the “talent-sharing” plan under Suning’s logistics arm as of Feb 21. The American supermarket chain Walmart has also joined in the trend, hiring more than 3,000 temporary workers from other sectors to work at its branches in cities like Beijing, Fuzhou, and Shenzhen.
据《每日经济新闻》报道，截至2月19日，已经有3000多名员工加入盒马鲜生；截至2月21日，有4000多人加入苏宁旗下物流公司的“人才共享”计划。美国连锁超市沃尔玛也加入这一行列，从其他行业临时雇用了3000多名员工在其北京、福州以及深圳的分店工作。

此外，京东7FRESH、永辉等多家零售企业以及哈啰出行等共享单车企业也陆续发布“员工共享”计划，向临时歇业的餐饮、酒店、影院等企业员工发出邀请，以期抱团取暖，共克时艰。

Bike-sharing company Hellobike has opened 8,000 positions nationwide for bicycle maintenance, according to state-owned Xinhua News Agency. In Hefei, capital of the eastern Anhui province, Hellobike is seeking 300 temporary workers, while 40 employees from a local hotel have started working at an industrial park on one-month contracts.
据新华社报道，共享单车企业哈啰出行已面向全国发出8000个自行车维护岗位。在安徽省合肥市，哈啰出行正在招募300名临时员工，与此同时，当地一家宾馆的40名员工已经在一个工业园上岗，合同期为一个月。

中南财经政法大学数字经济研究院执行院长盘和林指出，“共享员工（employee sharing）”在暂时劳动力过剩的传统餐饮业与暂时劳动力紧缺的新兴电商零售平台之间激发了劳动共享，传统餐饮企业、电商零售平台和员工三方都解了燃眉之急（address the pressing need of traditional catering enterprises, e-commerce platforms and workers）。

不过，“共享员工”模式可能存在的用工风险也引发了关注。

业内人士认为，在劳务关系下，“共享员工”模式属于跨行业借调用工的模式，即社保仍由原单位缴纳、工资由借用单位承担并由原单位负责发放。

Yao Junchang, a lawyer with Beijing Weiheng Law Firm, told Workers’ Daily that companies hiring temporary workers should include detailed provisions in their agreements, including the duration of employment, salary and policy for work-related injury compensation.
北京炜衡律师事务所合伙人姚均昌律师在接受《工人日报》记者采访时指出，企业应该就员工的雇用期限、工资标准、工伤赔偿责任承担等方面作出具体约定。

“At the same time, the companies lending the employees should sign a complete secondment arrangement, pay employees in full, and pay social security on time,” he said. “Employees should pay more attention to safety precautions and require a tripartite agreement or labor agreement to be signed during the temporary employment period and keep records as evidence.”
同时，借出企业要签订完善的借调协议、及时足额为员工缴纳社保并支付工资，保障员工的合法权益；员工应更注重安全防护，借调期间应当要求签订三方协议或劳务协议，保留好工作记录和证据。

（中国日报网英语点津 Helen）