2020年7月新闻热词汇总

水陆两栖大飞机 large amphibious aircraft

China's homegrown AG600 large amphibious aircraft, codenamed Kunlong, succeeded in its maiden flight over sea on Sunday morning in Qingdao, east China's Shandong province, said State-owned plane-maker Aviation Industry Corporation of China (AVIC). The successful maiden flight from the sea is a major step forward in the development of this large amphibious aircraft following its maiden flight in 2017 and first takeoff from a water reservoir in 2018, said the AVIC.
航空工业集团宣布，中国自主研制的大型水陆两栖飞机“鲲龙”AG600于7月26日上午在山东青岛成功实现海上首飞。这是AG600飞机继2017年陆上首飞、2018年水上首飞之后，又迈出的关键一步。

【知识点】

“鲲龙”AG600是我国研制的可用于森林灭火（forest firefighting）和水上救援（marine rescue）的大型水陆两栖飞机（large amphibious aircraft），具有速度快、机动性好、搜索范围广、搜索效率高、安全性好、装载量大等特点。

森林灭火时，它可多次往返高效率投水灭火，20秒内可一次汲水12吨（collect 12 tons of water in 20 seconds），单次投水救火面积可达4000余平方米，接近一个足球场的面积。海上救援时，“鲲龙”可快速响应、到达，在复杂气象条件下实施救援，起降抗浪能力不低于2米，可一次救助50名海上遇险人员（carry 50 people during search-and-rescue missions）。

“鲲龙”与我国运—20大型运输机（the Y-20 transport plane）、C919大型喷气式客机（the C919 jetliner）一起，被称为中国大飞机“三剑客”。

Codenamed Kunlong, the AG600 is a key aeronautical equipment in China's emergency rescue system, said the AVIC.
航空工业集团表示，“鲲龙”AG600是国家应急救援体系的重大航空装备。

The AG600 is designed to meet the country's demands for forest firefighting, marine rescue and other critical emergency rescue missions. It is also the first time that China's aviation industry has developed a special-mission large civil aircraft model.
“鲲龙”AG600是我国为满足森林灭火和水上救援以及其他紧急救援任务的迫切需要研发的，同时也是我国航空业首次研发执行特殊任务的大型民用航空器。

航空工业集团副总经理陈元先表示，AG600项目将开展灭火型试验（firefighting test），计划2023年完成灭火型研制，并尽早投入使用。

规模以上工业企业利润 profits of industrial companies with annual revenue of more than 20 million yuan

Profits of industrial companies with annual revenue of more than 20 million yuan rose by 4.8 percent year on year in the second quarter, reversing the 36.7-percent decline in the first quarter, the National Bureau of Statistics (NBS) said on Monday.
国家统计局7月27日发布的数据显示，二季度规模以上工业企业利润同比增长4.8%，一季度为下降36.7%，由降转升。

【知识点】

规模以上工业企业是中华人民共和国自1996年开始使用的一个统计学术语，与“规模以下”相对，2011年1月起用于代指年主营业务收入人民币2000万元及以上的全部工业企业（industrial companies with annual revenue of more than 20 million yuan）。

In June alone, major industrial firms saw their profits rise by 11.5 percent to 666.55 billion yuan, widening by 5.5 percentage points from that in May.
6月全国规模以上工业企业实现利润总额6665.5亿元，同比增长11.5%，增速比5月份加快5.5个百分点。

国家统计局工业司高级统计师朱虹分析，6月份工业利润增速继续加快主要受益于四个方面：

Faster growth in industrial production and sales, narrowing of the decline in prices for industrial products, lowering of the cost per 100 yuan of operating revenue posted by major industrial enterprises, and significant improvement in profits of key industries including iron and steel, oil and gas drilling and nonferrous metals.
生产销售增长加快；工业品价格降幅收窄；规模以上工业企业每百元营业收入中的成本下降；钢铁、油气开采、石油加工、有色等重点行业利润大幅改善。

二季度超半数工业行业实现利润增长

In the second quarter, profits in 37 of the 41 industrial sectors surveyed showed improvements compared with that in the first quarter, with 25 of them reporting profit growth, according to the NBS.
国家统计局数据显示，二季度，41个工业大类行业中，37个行业利润增速比一季度加快，其中25个行业利润实现增长。

Equipment and high-tech manufacturing were among the sectors that saw the most visible recovery, with profits in high-tech manufacturing expanding by 34.6 percent year on year, rebounding from a 17.1-percent decrease in the first quarter.
利润回升最显著的行业为装备制造业和高技术制造业。二季度，高技术制造业利润增长34.6%，为增速最高的行业板块，而一季度为下降17.1%。

The decline of profits in raw material manufacturing in Q2 narrowed sharply due to the progress in infrastructure projects, and higher prices of relevant products.
二季度，受基建项目加快推进、主要大宗原燃材料产品价格回升等因素影响，原材料制造业利润降幅明显收窄。

企业生产经营仍然面临不少困难

Despite the recovery, enterprises still face difficulties in their production and operations as the COVID-19 epidemic has dampened demand, Zhu said.
尽管二季度工业企业利润状况明显恢复向好，但总体看，受新冠肺炎疫情冲击影响，市场需求依然偏弱，企业生产经营仍然面临不少困难。

Noting that the global spread of COVID-19, as well as trade uncertainties, may dampen the continued recovery in industrial profits, Zhu called for full implementation of policies to shield enterprises against COVID-19 fallouts, and consolidating the upturn of the industrial economy.
当前，全球疫情仍在持续蔓延，国际经贸形势复杂严峻，工业利润增长的持续性仍存在不确定性。下阶段，仍需积极贯彻落实各项援企助企政策，不断巩固工业经济回升向好势头。

移交逃犯协定 fugitives transfer agreements

外交部发言人汪文斌7月28日在例行记者会上宣布，中方决定香港特别行政区暂停港加、港澳、港英《移交逃犯协定》和《刑事司法互助协定》。

Canada, Australia and Britain, on the pretext of China's passage of the law on safeguarding national security in the HKSAR, have unilaterally suspended their respective agreements with Hong Kong on fugitives transfer, grossly interfered in China's internal affairs, and seriously violated international law and basic norms governing international relations, Wang said, noting that China firmly opposes this.
汪文斌说，近日，加拿大、澳大利亚和英国以中国制定香港特区维护国家安全法为借口，单方面宣布暂停与香港特区签订的《移交逃犯协定》。此举粗暴干涉中国内政，严重违反国际法和国际关系基本准则，中方对此坚决反对。

【单词讲解】

这里的unilaterally来源于形容词unilateral，即“单方面的，单边的”，比如：take unilateral action（单方面采取行动）。在外交领域常用的相关词汇还有：bilateral（双边的，双方的），比如：bilateral relations（双边关系），bilateral trade agreement（双边贸易协定）等；multilateral（多边的，多方面的），比如：multilateral agreements（多边协议），multilateral trade talks（多边贸易谈判）等。

He added that with the assistance and authorization of the central government, the HKSAR has actively rendered assistance to Canada, Australia and Britain in accordance with the HKSAR Basic Law and within the framework of the treaties.
他表示，一直以来，香港特区在中央政府协助和授权下，根据基本法，在《协定》框架下向加方、澳方和英方提供了积极协助。

The politicization of judicial cooperation with HKSAR by Canada, Australia and Britain has severely damaged the foundation for the HKSAR to carry out judicial cooperation with the three countries and has deviated from safeguarding justice and the rule of law via judicial cooperation, Wang said.
加方、澳方和英方将对港司法合作政治化的错误行径，严重损害了香港特区同加拿大、澳大利亚和英国之间开展司法合作的基础，偏离司法合作维护正义和法治的宗旨。

【单词讲解】

固定搭配deviate from something表示“偏离（之前的计划、路线等）”，比如：He planned his schedule far in advance, and he didn't deviate from it. （他提前很久就安排好了日程，而且一直没有变动。）He was determined to become a doctor and never deviated from that ambition. （他的志向是成为一名医生，矢志不渝。）

Therefore, the Chinese side has decided to suspend the HKSAR's fugitives transfer agreements and agreements on mutual legal assistance in criminal matters with Canada, Australia and Britain, Wang said.
为此，中方决定香港特区暂停港加、港澳、港英《移交逃犯协定》，同时决定，香港特区暂停港加、港澳、港英《刑事司法互助协定》。

合同纠纷 contract dispute

7月29日，最高人民法院、司法部、文化和旅游部联合发布《关于依法妥善处理涉疫情旅游合同纠纷有关问题的通知》，对实践中较为典型的涉疫情旅游合同纠纷处理提出指导意见。

Travel businesses should arrange accommodations for tourists stranded by the COVID-19 epidemic, said the circular, specifying that tourists should bear the expense for extra accommodations, and that travel businesses should share added transport costs as a result of the stranding.
通知指出，因疫情或者疫情防控措施造成旅游者滞留的，旅游经营者应当采取相应的合理安置措施，因此增加的食宿费用由旅游者承担，增加的返程费用由旅游经营者与旅游者分担。

【单词讲解】

Accommodation常见的用法有两个，一个是指出行时解决我们基本生活问题的“食宿”，通常用复数形式，比如：tourist accommodations on the boat（船上游客的食宿），overnight accommodations（过夜食宿）等；另一个指“顺应、适应”，比如：He changed his schedule for the accommodation of his clients.（他为了方便客户，改变了自己的日程安排。）

《通知》要求，依法妥善处理涉疫情旅游合同纠纷，要严格执行法律政策，妥善处理涉疫情旅游合同的解除、费用负担等纠纷。

Businesses and tourists were encouraged to settle disputes by adjusting some terms of their contracts through negotiations, said the circular. Specific changes include postponing the execution of the contract or changing service packages.
旅游经营者、旅游者应尽可能通过协商变更旅游合同部分条款来解决纠纷，具体变更包括，延期履行合同、替换为其他旅游产品等。

If the two sides in dispute fail to reach an agreement, travel businesses should offer tourists refunds after deducting commissions that have been paid to subcontractors and cannot be refunded, the circular said.
若双方不能协商一致，旅游经营者应当在扣除已向地接社或者履行辅助人支付且不可退还的费用后，将余款退还旅游者。

【单词讲解】

Refund这个词可以说是“一词多能”，既可以用来表示“退款”这个动作（动词），也可以表示“退款”这件事（名词），还能表示拿到的“退款”那笔钱（名词）。看几个例子就明白了：The holiday was cancelled so the travel agency had to refund everybody the price of the tickets.（假期取消了，旅行社要按照票价给所有人退款。）I took the radio back to the shop and asked for/demanded a refund.（我把收音机拿回店里，要求退款。）This is the refund of your fare.（这是退给您的车票钱。）