全面建成小康社会：中国人权事业发展的光辉篇章（双语全文）

五、促进社会公平保障特定群体权益
V. Promoting Social Equity and Protecting the Rights of Special Groups

全面建成小康社会，一个也不能少。中国切实维护和促进农民权益，高度重视对妇女、儿童、老年人、残疾人及少数民族等特定群体权益的保障，使他们享有均等机会，以平等身份充分参与经济政治文化社会生活，共享发展成果。
A moderately prosperous society is to be enjoyed by each and every one of us. China takes solid measures to protect and promote the rights and interests of rural people, and attaches great importance to protecting the rights of women, children, the elderly, people with disabilities, and ethnic minority groups, ensuring their equal status and providing them with equal opportunities to participate in economic, political, cultural and social life and enjoy the fruits of development.

1.农民权益保障全方位改善
1. Upgrading Protection of the Rights of Rural People

土地制度改革极大增进农民财产性权利。改革开放后实施家庭联产承包责任制，解决了农民的温饱问题；全面取消农业税费，减轻了农民负担。中共十八大以来，稳定农村土地承包关系并保持长久不变，实施农村集体土地所有权、承包权、经营权“三权分置”，赋予农民对承包地占有、使用、收益、流转及经营权融资担保权能，保障农户宅基地用益物权，增加农民财产性收入，赋予农民更多财产权利。截至2020年，31个省（区、市）均开展了承包地确权工作，承包地确权面积达15亿亩，完善土地承包合同2亿份，颁发土地承包经营权证书2亿份。
Boosting rural property right through land reform. Rural people’s basic needs are ensured by the household contract responsibility system with remuneration linked to output, introduced after the launch of reform and opening up in 1978, and their burden is eased with the abolition of agricultural taxes and fees.
Since the 18th CPC National Congress in 2012, measures have been taken to ensure that rural land contracting practices will remain stable and unchanged on a long-term basis. The system for separating the ownership, contractual, and management rights for contracted rural land has improved. Farmers have the right to possess, use and benefit from the contracted land, and can transfer or mortgage their management right. The government ensures rural households’ usufruct of their landholdings. It aims to help rural people increase income from property and endowing them with more property rights.
As of 2020, all 31 provinces and equivalent administrative units had begun to certify the rights to contracted land, confirming the contractual right to 100 million ha of land, upgrading 200 million land contracts, and issuing 200 million land contractual management certificates.

农民工生活条件不断改善。2012年至2020年，全国农民工人均月收入从2290元上升到4072元。进城农民工居住环境明显改善，人均居住面积达到21.5平方米，住房中有洗澡设施的占85.4%，能上网的占94.8%，拥有电冰箱、洗衣机、汽车（包括经营用车）的比重分别为67%、68.1%、30.8%。
Improving the lives of migrant workers. The per capita monthly income of migrant workers increased from RMB2,290 in 2012 to RMB4,072 in 2020. Migrant workers in cities now enjoy much better housing, with a per capita living area of 21.5 sq m. 85.4 percent of them have showers, 94.8 percent have access to the internet, 67 percent have refrigerators, 68.1 percent have washing machines, and 30.8 percent have automobiles for private or business use.

关爱农村留守人员。随着返乡创业就业、就业扶贫、随迁子女就地入学等工作的持续开展，全国农村留守儿童数量从2016年的902万名下降到2020年的643.6万名。印发《关于进一步健全农村留守儿童和困境儿童关爱服务体系的意见》《关于劳动密集型企业进一步加强农村留守儿童和困境儿童关爱服务工作的指导意见》等政策文件，完善农村留守儿童关爱工作顶层设计。印发《关于加强农村留守妇女关爱服务工作的意见》，结合各地实际，面向有困难、有需求的农村留守妇女提供相应关爱服务。印发《关于加强农村留守老年人关爱服务工作的意见》，农村留守老年人关爱服务政策已实现省级层面全覆盖，有力保障了特殊困难老年人基本生活。
Caring for family members of migrant workers left behind in rural areas. Policies have been introduced to boost employment for poverty alleviation and more people are returning to their hometowns to work or start businesses. There is also help to enable the children of migrant workers to go to school in cities where their parents work. This has resulted in a drop in the number of left-behind children, from 9 million in 2016 to 6.4 million in 2020.
The government has issued the Opinions on Further Improving the System of Care and Services for Rural Left-Behind Children and Children in Need, and the Guidelines for Labor-Intensive Enterprises to Further Strengthen Care and Services for Rural Left-Behind Children and Children in Need, to improve policy design in this regard. The government has also issued the Opinions on Strengthening Care and Services for Rural Left-Behind Women, to provide services to rural women in need, and the Opinions on Strengthening Care and Services for Rural Left-Behind Elderly, to ensure basic needs for poor elderly people through service networks covering all provinces.

农村人居环境极大改善。推进农村生活垃圾治理，扎实开展农村厕所革命，梯次推进农村生活污水治理，提升村容村貌。截至2020年，全国95%以上村庄开展了清洁行动。2019年至2020年，累计安排144亿元中央财政资金实施农村厕所革命整村推进奖补政策，安排中央预算内投资60亿元支持中西部省份以县为单位开展农村人居环境整治项目建设。中央财政对农村人居环境整治成效明显的39个县给予激励支持。
Enhancing the rural living environment. To improve the living environment in rural areas, proper facilities have been created for treating household waste and domestic sewage, and solid efforts have been made to enhance toilet sanitation through the “toilet revolution”. As of 2020, more than 95 percent of villages had taken action for a cleaner environment. In 2019 and 2020, the government allocated RMB14.4 billion from central finance to subsidize the “toilet revolution” in villages, and RMB6 billion from the central budget to support programs for improving the rural living environment in the counties of central and western provinces. Monetary incentives were given to the 39 best-performing counties.

2.妇女儿童老年人权益保障持续加强
2. Increasing Protection of the Rights of Women, Children and the Elderly

法律政策体系日臻完善。中国于20世纪90年代先后制定未成年人保护法、妇女权益保障法、老年人权益保障法，并对三项法律进行多次修改完善。制定母婴保健法、反家庭暴力法、预防未成年人犯罪法等法律，颁布《女职工劳动保护特别规定》《禁止使用童工规定》《校车安全管理条例》《未成年工特殊保护规定》等行政法规及部门规章，为保障妇女儿童老年人权益奠定了法律基础。印发《关于建立健全法规政策性别平等评估机制的意见》，切实从法规、规章、政策的源头上贯彻男女平等基本国策，促进妇女全面发展。2020年颁布民法典，增设居住权，明确夫妻共同债务的范围，增加防止和制止性骚扰等条款，进一步提高了妇女儿童老年人等群体的保护水平。中国政府先后制定实施三个周期的中国妇女发展纲要、中国儿童发展纲要和五个老龄事业发展纲要（规划）。
Optimizing laws and policies. Since they were promulgated in the 1990s, the Law on the Protection of Minors, the Law on the Protection of Women’s Rights and Interests, and the Law on the Protection of the Rights and Interests of the Elderly have undergone multiple revisions to better serve their purpose.
A series of laws and regulations, including the Law on Maternal and Infant Health Care, the Anti-Domestic Violence Law, the Law on the Prevention of Juvenile Delinquency, the Special Provisions on Labor Protection for Female Employees, the Provisions on Prohibiting the Use of Child Labor, the Regulations on School Bus Safety Management, and the Special Provisions on the Protection of Juvenile Workers, have been enacted to lay down a legal basis for protecting the rights of women, children and the elderly. The government has issued the Opinions on Establishing and Improving the Mechanism for Evaluating Gender Equality Implications in Laws, Regulations and Policies, to codify and institutionalize the basic national policy of gender equality and promote the all-round development of women.
The Civil Code promulgated in 2020 includes articles regarding the right of habitation, the common debts of spouses, and measures to prevent and stop sexual harassment, further strengthening protection for the three groups. The Chinese government has developed three outlines and plans for the development of women, three for children, and five for the elderly.

妇女经济社会参与能力不断提升。全国15岁及以上女性文盲率由1979年的20.5%降至2017年的7.3%，普通高等学校本专科在校女生占在校生总数的比例由1978年的24.1%提高到2019年的51.7%。全国女性就业人数占全社会就业人数的比重超过四成。2018年修订的农村土地承包法明确规定，农村土地承包，妇女与男子享有平等的权利。2018年十三届全国人大代表中有742名妇女代表，占比24.9%，比1983年第六届全国人大提高了3.7个百分点；十三届全国政协委员中有440名女性委员，占比20.4%，比1983年第六届全国政协提高了7.6个百分点。
Empowering women to participate in economic and social affairs. The illiteracy rate of women aged 15 years and above dropped from 20.5 percent in 1979 to 7.3 percent in 2017, and the proportion of female students in junior colleges and universities rose from 24.1 percent in 1978 to 51.7 percent in 2019. More than 40 percent of the employed are women.
The Law on Land Contract in Rural Areas amended in 2018 stipulates that women enjoy equal rights with men in undertaking land contracts. There were 742 female deputies to the 13th NPC in 2018, accounting for 24.9 percent of the total and 3.7 percentage points higher than the percentage of female deputies to the Sixth NPC in 1983. There were 440 female members in the 13th CPPCC National Committee, representing 20.4 percent of the total and 7.6 percentage points higher than that in the Sixth CPPCC National Committee in 1983.

妇女儿童健康保障水平进一步提高。2020年，全国孕产妇产前检查率为97.4%，住院分娩率为99.9%。实施农村妇女宫颈癌和乳腺癌免费检查项目，将宫颈癌和乳腺癌纳入国家大病救治范围。实施贫困地区儿童营养改善项目，截至2020年，累计1120万儿童从项目中受益。5岁以下儿童死亡率从1991年的61‰下降至2020年的7.5‰。
Improving health care for women and children. In 2020, the rate of prenatal care was 97.4 percent, and the rate of hospital deliveries was 99.9 percent. The government has carried out a program of free cervical and breast cancer checkups for women in rural areas, and brought cervical and breast cancer into the scope of national subsidies for serious illnesses.
The government has launched the Nutrition Improvement Program for Children in Poor Areas, benefitting 11.2 million children by 2020. Between 1991 and 2020, the mortality rate of children under five decreased from 61 per thousand to 7.5 per thousand.

儿童得到特别关爱和特殊保护。2020年，全国有儿童社区服务中心2.9万个，社区服务站24.9万个，城乡社区家长学校36万个，城乡社区儿童之家32万余个。全国乡镇一级配备儿童督导员5.6万名，村一级配备儿童主任67.5万名，基层儿童工作队伍建设和儿童关爱服务水平不断提高。进一步加强对孤儿、残疾儿童、农村留守儿童、困境儿童等特殊群体的关爱保护。加大孤儿保障力度。2019年，中央专项资金对孤儿基本生活补助标准提高50%，东、中、西部分别补助300元/月、450元/月和600元/月。截至2020年，全国儿童福利机构集中养育孤儿6万名，基本生活保障月平均标准达1611.3元/人；社会散居孤儿13.4万名，基本社会保障月平均标准达1184.3元/人。印发《关于进一步加强事实无人抚养儿童保障工作的意见》，将事实无人抚养儿童全面纳入制度保障范围。截至2020年，全国共有25.4万名事实无人抚养儿童纳入保障范围，全国平均保障标准达每人每月1184.3元。坚持对侵害未成年人犯罪“零容忍”。2017年至2020年，各级检察机关共批准逮捕侵害未成年人犯罪16.02万人，起诉21.85万人。在司法程序中充分保障未成年被害人的合法权利，推行具备取证、心理疏导、司法救助等功能的“一站式”询问、救助机制，截至2020年，全国共建成“一站式”询问、救助办案区1029个。加强未成年被害人多元综合救助，2019年共向4306名未成年被害人及其家庭等发放救助金6200余万元。
Providing special care and protection for children. In 2020, there were 29,000 community service centers and 249,000 service stations for children, 360,000 parenting schools, and 320,000 children’s activity centers in urban and rural communities. There were 56,000 child welfare supervisors in towns and townships, and 675,000 child welfare directors in villages, forming a strong grassroots force for children’s care and protection.
Greater care and protection have been given to orphans, children with disabilities, rural left-behind children whose parents work in cities, and children in need. The state has strengthened guarantee for the basic needs of orphans. In 2019, the basic living subsidies from special government funds for orphans increased by 50 percent to RMB300, RMB450 and RMB600 per person/month for eastern, central and western regions. At the end of 2020, there were 60,000 orphans in child welfare institutions, with an average monthly living allowance of RMB1,611 per person; there were 134,000 orphans not in care facilities, with an average monthly living allowance of RMB1,184 per person.
The government issued the Opinions on Further Strengthening Protection of Uncared-for Children, to bring all de facto orphans into the coverage of state support. By 2020, 254,000 uncared-for children were covered by state support, and given an average monthly living allowance of RMB1,184 per person.
The state maintains zero tolerance for crimes against minors. Between 2017 and 2020, prosecuting bodies at all levels approved the arrest of 160,200 people committing crimes against minors, and prosecuted 218,500 people. In judicial procedures, the rights of victimized minors are fully protected by promoting one-stop inquiry and assistance mechanisms integrating evidence collection, psychological counseling, and judicial assistance. By 2020, there were 1,029 one-stop inquiry and assistance sites across the country. More help is provided in different forms to minor victims. In 2019, more than RMB62 million of aid was granted to 4,306 minor victims and their families.

老年人生活和权益保障状况持续改善。中国大力发展养老服务，逐步建立居家社区机构相协调、医养康养相结合的养老服务体系，大力开展农村留守老年人关爱服务，推进老年人家庭适老化改造和老年宜居环境建设，将赡养老人支出纳入个人所得税抵扣范围，努力让老年人老有所养、老有所依、老有所乐、老有所安。2020年，国家将1834万困难老年人及时纳入最低生活保障范围，388万老年人纳入特困人员救助供养范围。经济困难的高龄失能等老年人补贴制度实现省级全覆盖。截至2020年，全国享受高龄津贴、护理补贴、服务补贴的老年人分别为3058.9万、81万和23.5万。截至2020年，全国建成各类养老机构3.8万个，社区养老服务机构和设施有28万个，养老床位合计823.8万张。国务院办公厅印发文件，强调坚持传统服务方式与智能化服务创新并行，切实解决老年人在运用智能技术方面遇到的困难。
Guaranteeing the lives and rights of the elderly. The Chinese government is developing an old-age service network that coordinates home, community and facility care, and combines medical care with health preservation. It has strengthened care and services for left-behind elderly people in rural areas, and adapted home and public environments to make life easier for the elderly. Individual income tax deduction applies to expenses for taking care of elderly family members. The government aims to ensure care, support, recreation, and security for the elderly.
In 2020, the government brought 18.3 million poor elderly people into the scope of subsistence allowances, and covered 3.9 million elderly people living in extreme poverty with government support. Subsidies are ensured at the provincial level nationwide for poor elderly people who cannot perform essential self-care. As of 2020, 30.6 million elderly people enjoyed old-age allowances, 810,000 enjoyed nursing subsidies, and 235,000 enjoyed service subsidies. There were 38,000 care institutions and 280,000 community care facilities for the elderly across the country, with a total of 8.2 million beds.
The State Council has issued policies supporting the provision of both traditional and digital public services to ensure ease of access for elderly people.

3.少数民族权益保障进一步完善
3. Furthering Protection of the Rights of Ethnic Minorities

少数民族参与国家事务管理权利得到有效保障。严格落实宪法法律关于民族自治地方的自治机关领导人员中配备少数民族领导干部的规定，以及关于少数民族人大代表选举的规定。选举法明确规定，人口特少的民族，至少应有全国人大代表一人。55个少数民族均有本民族的全国人大代表和全国政协委员。十三届全国人大代表中，少数民族代表438名，占14.7%。
Guaranteeing the right of ethnic minority groups to participate in the administration of state affairs. The provisions in the Constitution and laws regarding the representation of ethnic minority groups in the leadership of organs exercising regional autonomy and the election of ethnic minority deputies to the people’s congresses are strictly implemented.
The Electoral Law stipulates that ethnic groups with a small population shall have at least one deputy to the NPC. All 55 ethnic minority groups have deputies to the NPC and members in the CPPCC National Committee. The 13th NPC has 438 ethnic minority deputies, accounting for 14.7 percent of the total.

少数民族和民族地区生活水平大幅提升。国家制定专项规划，实施西部大开发、兴边富民行动、对口支援以及扶持人口较少民族发展、少数民族特色村镇保护与发展等一系列政策措施，促进民族地区经济快速发展。内蒙古、广西、西藏、宁夏、新疆五个自治区和贵州、云南、青海三个多民族省份2018年至2020年的总体经济增长幅度超过全国平均增长水平，居民人均可支配收入从1978年的150多元增长到2020年的24534元。
Raising the living standards of ethnic minority groups and areas. Special programs have been launched, and policies and measures have been implemented to boost the economy of ethnic minority areas, such as the development of the western region, the action plan to bring prosperity to border areas and their residents, paired assistance between developed areas and less developed ethnic autonomous areas, special support for ethnic groups with small populations, and preservation and development of ethnic minority villages and towns.
Between 2018 and 2020, the five autonomous regions of Inner Mongolia, Guangxi, Tibet, Ningxia and Xinjiang, and the three provinces of Guizhou, Yunnan and Qinghai with large ethnic minority populations recorded faster economic growth than the national average. The per capita disposable income of their residents increased from RMB150 in 1978 to RMB24,534 in 2020.

少数民族和民族地区教育事业快速发展。中国通过发展民族地区各级各类学校，举办预科班、民族班，在广大农牧区推行寄宿制教育，着力办好民族地区高等教育等举措，促进教育公平，保障少数民族受教育权利。民族地区已全面普及从小学到初中9年义务教育，西藏自治区和新疆维吾尔自治区的南疆阿克苏地区、克孜勒苏柯尔克孜自治州、喀什地区、和田地区四地州实现了从学前到高中阶段15年免费教育。
Developing education in ethnic minority areas. China has adopted a series of measures to promote educational equality and ensure ethnic minorities’ right to education. These measures include opening more schools in ethnic minority areas, offering preparatory courses or special classes at secondary schools and universities to ethnic minority students, running boarding schools in farming and pastoral areas, and developing higher education in ethnic minority areas.
All ethnic minority areas have enforced nine-year compulsory education from primary school to junior high school. In the Tibet Autonomous Region and in Hotan, Kashgar, and Aksu prefectures and Kizilsu Kirgiz Autonomous Prefecture in southern Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, students enjoy 15 years of free education from preschool to senior high school.

少数民族文化事业蓬勃发展。在民族地区推广普及国家通用语言文字，依法保障各民族使用和发展自己的语言文字的自由，促进民族团结和社会和谐。截至2020年，民族自治地方共设置广播电台、电视台、广播电视台等播出机构729个。全国各级播出机构共开办民族语电视频道279套，民族语广播188套。元上都遗址、土司遗址、红河哈尼梯田文化景观、拉萨布达拉宫历史建筑群（含罗布林卡和大昭寺）、“丝绸之路：长安－天山廊道的路网”等列入世界文化遗产名录。中国入选联合国教科文组织人类非物质文化遗产名录（名册）的42项非物质文化遗产中，少数民族项目有15项，占37.5%。在少数民族地区设立了11个国家级文化生态保护（实验）区。全国25个省（区、市）已建立民族古籍整理与研究机构，截至2020年，抢救、整理散藏民间的少数民族古籍约百万种（不含馆藏及寺院藏书），包括很多珍贵的孤本和善本。组织实施《中国少数民族古籍总目提要》编纂工程，全部完成后将收录书目约30万种。
Boosting cultural undertakings of ethnic minority groups. While promoting standard spoken and written Chinese, the state protects the right of ethnic minority groups to use and develop their own spoken and written languages to consolidate ethnic unity and social harmony. As of 2020, there were 729 radio and television stations in ethnic autonomous areas. The broadcasting stations across the country run 279 television channels and 188 radio programs in ethnic minority languages.
The Site of Xanadu, the Tusi Sites, the Cultural Landscape of Honghe Hani Rice Terraces, the Historic Ensemble of the Potala Palace of Lhasa, and Silk Roads: the Routes Network of Chang’an-Tianshan Corridor are all included in the UNESCO World Heritage List. Of the 42 items from China included in the UNESCO Lists of Intangible Cultural Heritage, 15 are from ethnic minority areas.
China has established 11 national (pilot) cultural reserves in ethnic minority areas. A total of 25 provinces and equivalent administrative units have institutions that catalogue and study ancient classics and records of ethnic minorities. By 2020, about 1 million privately-held ethnic minority ancient classics and records (excluding books collected in museums and temples), including many rare editions and single extant copies, had been rescued and catalogued. China has launched the compilation of Collection of Ancient Classics and Records of Chinese Ethnic Minorities, which will include about 300,000 books upon completion.

民族地区人民生活安宁祥和。在统一多民族的中国，不断铸牢中华民族共同体意识，坚持共同团结奋斗、共同繁荣发展，各民族共建美好家园，共创美好未来。在各族人民群众共同支持下，国家依法打击民族分裂势力、宗教极端势力、暴力恐怖势力，维护民族团结和社会稳定，人民的生活安宁权、生命健康权、财产权等得到有效保障，获得感、幸福感、安全感不断提升。
Safeguarding peace and stability in ethnic minority areas. In this unified multiethnic country, the sense of identity of the Chinese nation is heightened to unite all the people in pressing forward for common prosperity and a bright future. With strong support from all ethnic groups, the government takes lawful actions to combat terrorists, separatists and religious extremists, to safeguard ethnic unity and social stability. People’s rights to a peaceful existence, to life and health, and to property are effectively protected, and their sense of gain, happiness and security continues to grow.

4.残疾人权益保障更加有力
4. Strengthening Guarantee of the Rights of People with Disabilities

残疾人社会保障体系不断完善。全面建立困难残疾人生活补贴和重度残疾人护理补贴制度。截至2020年，享受困难残疾人生活补贴人数有1212.6万人，享受重度残疾人护理补贴人数有1473.8万人。截至2020年，共有2699.2万残疾人参加城乡居民社会养老保险，其中1140.5万残疾人领取养老金；1076.8万残疾人获得城乡最低生活保障，其中重度残疾人641.4万人；680.1万重度残疾人中政府代缴养老保险费比例达到96.7%；另有303.7万非重度残疾人享受全额或部分代缴养老保险费的优惠政策。
Improving social security. China has established a subsidy system to provide for the living expenses of disabled people in need and to pay the nursing costs of people with severe disabilities. By 2020, the system had benefitted 12.1 million poor disabled people and 14.7 million with severe disabilities in need of nursing. A total of 27 million people with disabilities were covered in old-age insurance schemes in both urban and rural areas, with 11.4 million receiving pensions. 10.8 million people with disabilities received urban or rural subsistence allowances, including 6.4 million with severe disabilities. The government paid basic old-age insurance premiums for 96.7 percent of the 6.8 million people with severe disabilities. The government also fully or partly paid the premiums for 3 million people with mild or moderate disabilities.

残疾人康复服务普惠可及。残疾人康复服务纳入基本公共服务规划，建立残疾儿童康复救助制度，实施残疾人精准康复服务行动，发展精神障碍社区康复服务，推进康复辅助器具产业发展，为残疾儿童和持证残疾人提供基本康复服务和产品。2020年，1077.7万名残疾儿童及持证残疾人得到基本康复服务，242.6万名残疾人得到各类辅助器具适配服务。自2018年建立实施残疾儿童康复救助制度以来，全国接受康复救助的残疾儿童达67.6万人次。残疾预防工作取得积极成效。2017年国务院批准将每年8月25日设立为“残疾预防日”，提高公众残疾预防意识。制定发布《国家残疾预防行动计划（2016－2020年）》，有效控制出生缺陷和发育障碍致残、着力防控疾病致残、努力减少伤害致残和显著改善康复服务等四项行动取得积极进展，主要任务目标基本实现。
Making rehabilitation universally available. The government has included rehabilitation services for the disabled in plans for basic public services, and carried out targeted rehabilitation programs to help those in need. It has established a rehabilitation assistance mechanism for disabled children, developed community rehabilitation services for people with mental illnesses, and boosted the industry of rehabilitation assistive devices. Basic rehabilitation services and products are provided to disabled children and people with certified disabilities.
In 2020, 10.8 million disabled children and people with certified disabilities received basic rehabilitation services, and 2.4 million people with disabilities benefited from adaption services for assistive devices. About 676,000 disabled children have benefited from a rehabilitation assistance mechanism that was initiated in 2018.
Efforts to prevent disability have paid off. In 2017, the State Council approved the establishment of August 25 as the Disability Prevention Day, to promote public awareness of disability prevention. The National Disability Prevention Action Plan (2016-2020) laid out effective measures for controling the occurrence of birth defects and disabilities caused by development disorders, preventing disabilities caused by illnesses, reducing injuries that cause disabilities, and improving rehabilitation services. Substantial progress has been made in these four areas, and the main targets have been reached.

残疾人受教育水平稳步提高。着力办好特殊教育，大力发展融合教育，努力保障残疾人享有平等受教育权。2020年全国共有特殊教育学校2244所，专任教师6.62万人，在校学生88.08万人，比2013年增加51.27万人，增长139.3%。不断完善随班就读支持保障体系，在普通学校随班就读的残疾学生规模不断扩大，由2013年的19.1万人增加到2020年的43.58万人，增长128.2%。近10年来，残疾学生在普通学校就读的比例均接近或超过50%。全国实现了家庭经济困难残疾学生从小学到高中阶段教育的12年免费教育。
Creating better access to education. People with disabilities have an equal right to education that is guaranteed through special education and inclusive education. In 2020, there were 2,244 special education schools with 66,200 full-time teachers and 880,800 students, an increase of 512,700 students or 139 percent from 2013. Continued efforts have also been made to provide the necessary support for students with disabilities to go to regular schools, and the number of students with disabilities attending regular schools has seen a steady increase, from 191,000 in 2013 to 435,800 in 2020, an increase of 128 percent. Over the past decade, about 50 percent of students with disabilities have been able to study at regular schools. Free 12-year education from primary school to senior high school has been ensured for disabled students from poor families.

残疾人就业权利得到更好保障。中国通过完善法律法规、拓展就业渠道、完善服务体系，促进残疾人就业权利的实现。截至2020年，全国共有残疾人就业服务机构2811家，国家级残疾人职业培训基地478家，城乡持证残疾人就业人数855.2万人。积极开展残疾人扶贫。2015年至2020年，全国共建立4581个残疾人扶贫基地，扶持近40.9万残疾人就业增收；建档立卡贫困残疾人家庭人均纯收入由2015年的2776.2元增长到2019年的8726.2元。
Guaranteeing the right to work. China promotes the employment of people with disabilities by improving relevant laws and regulations, expanding employment channels, and improving services. In 2020, there were 2,811 employment service agencies and 478 vocational training centers for people with disabilities, and the number of employed people with certified disabilities reached 8.6 million.
Efforts have been made to help people with disabilities emerge from poverty. Between 2015 and 2020, China built 4,581 poverty alleviation centers for people with disabilities, helping 409,000 disabled people find jobs and increase income. The per capita net income of registered poor household with disabled members grew from RMB2,776 in 2015 to RMB8,726 in 2019.

残疾人无障碍环境建设大力推进。制定实施《无障碍环境建设条例》。截至2020年，1753个市、县开展无障碍建设，全国累计创建469个无障碍市县村镇。全国村（社区）综合服务设施中有81.05%的出入口、56.58%的服务柜台、38.66%的厕所进行了无障碍建设和改造。2016年至2020年，全国共有65万贫困重度残疾人家庭得到了无障碍改造。截至2019年，全国已建成各级残疾人综合服务设施2341个，康复设施1006个，托养服务设施887个；共有省级残疾人专题广播节目25个、电视手语栏目32个；设立盲文及盲文有声读物阅览室1174个。全面推进信息无障碍建设，增强信息无障碍终端产品供给，推进无障碍产品和服务技术推广应用，拓宽残疾人参与信息社会的渠道，推动信息化与无障碍环境的深度融合，消除“数字鸿沟”，助力社会包容性发展。
Building an accessible environment. The Regulations on the Building of an Accessible Environment have come into effect. As of 2020, 1,753 cities and counties had initiated efforts to improve accessibility and remove barriers, and 469 cities, counties, towns, and villages had been recognized by the state as barrier-free. Among comprehensive service facilities in villages or communities across the country, 81 percent of entrances and exits, 56.6 percent of service counters and 38.7 percent of restrooms had been upgraded for accessibility. Between 2016 and 2020, home adaptation was carried out for 650,000 poor families with severely disabled members. As of 2019, there were 2,341 comprehensive service facilities, 1,006 rehabilitation facilities, and 887 care facilities for people with disabilities; at the provincial level, 25 radio programs and 32 sign language television programs serviced people with disabilities; and there were 1,174 reading rooms with Braille and audio books.
A variety of measures have been taken to promote information accessibility, increasing the supply of accessible terminal products, and applying accessible products and technologies for better services. By expanding the channels for people with disabilities to engage in an information society, and facilitating the application of information technology to build an accessible environment, China is trying hard to eliminate the digital divide and create a more inclusive society.

全面小康，贵在全面。中国始终把人民安危冷暖、安居乐业放在首位，全力解决好人民群众关心的问题，在幼有所育、学有所教、劳有所得、病有所医、老有所养、住有所居、弱有所扶上取得显著进展。全面建成小康社会惠益了全体人民，使中国人民享有了比任何时候都更为充分的人权。
Moderate prosperity covers every aspect. The Chinese government gives top priority to ensuring people’s wellbeing, and spares no effort in addressing concerns of the people. Significant progress has been made in ensuring access to childcare, education, employment, housing, medical services, elderly care, and social assistance. Moderate prosperity in all respects benefits all Chinese people and enables them to enjoy greater human rights than ever before.

结束语
Conclusion

全面建成小康社会，是全体中国人民在中国共产党领导下拼搏奋斗的一项伟大壮举。
Under the CPC’s leadership, the Chinese people have achieved moderate prosperity in all respects, a historic undertaking completed through consistent hard work.

全面建成小康社会的伟大实践，积累了尊重和保障人权的宝贵经验。这就是在中国共产党的领导下，在中国特色社会主义制度中，坚持人权的普遍性与中国国情相结合，坚持以人民为中心的人权理念，坚持生存权发展权是首要的基本人权，坚持以发展促人权，坚持人民幸福生活是最大的人权，坚持人权法治保障，坚持促进人权事业全面发展，推动构建人类命运共同体。
In this process, China has respected and protected human rights within the institutional framework of Chinese socialism under CPC leadership:
• applying the principle of universality of human rights in China’s context;
• taking a people-centered approach to human rights;
• protecting the rights to subsistence and development as the primary task;
• promoting human rights through development;
• with a happy life as the ultimate goal;
• providing legal guarantee for the protection of human rights;
• promoting comprehensive progress in human rights;
• building a global community of shared future.

中国人口占世界总人口的近五分之一。中国全面建成小康社会，是世界人权事业发展史上的重要里程碑。中国在全面建成小康社会的伟大进程中，所创造的尊重和保障人权的成功做法和经验，为增进人类福祉贡献了中国智慧、提供了中国方案。
China’s population is about one fifth of the world’s total. China’s success in realizing moderate prosperity is a milestone in the history of global human rights. China’s approach and experience have provided a distinctive path forward for human progress.

人权保障没有最好，只有更好。全面建成小康社会，奠定了中国人权发展进步的新起点。在全面建设社会主义现代化国家新征程中，中国共产党将把握新发展阶段，贯彻新发展理念，构建新发展格局，推动高质量发展，继续带领全体人民为享有更加幸福安康的生活和更高水平的人权而奋斗。中国必将为世界人权事业发展作出新的更大贡献。
There is no end to improving human rights. Moderate prosperity is a new starting point on China’s quest for human rights. To fully build China into a modern socialist country, the CPC will practice the new development philosophy, build a new development dynamic, and pursue high-quality development, to ensure the Chinese people live a happier life and enjoy more extensive human rights. As a commitment to the world, China will make a greater contribution to global human rights.