九部门发文 事关学前教育和县域高中教育发展

12月16日，教育部等九部门发布《“十四五”学前教育发展提升行动计划》（以下简称“学前提升计划”）和《“十四五”县域普通高中发展提升行动计划》（以下简称“县中提升计划”）。

2025年普惠性幼儿园覆盖率将超85%

The gross enrollment ratio of preschools — which covers the first three years of schooling before elementary school — is expected to exceed 90 percent, while over 85 percent of kindergartens will become more affordable by 2025, with more than half preschoolers attending government-subsidized kindergartens, the plan said.
“学前提升计划”提出，到2025年，全国学前三年毛入园率达到90%以上，普惠性幼儿园覆盖率达到85%以上，公办园在园幼儿占比达到50%以上。

【词汇讲解】

这里的“毛入学率”（gross enrollment ratio）指该学段的学生总数在对应的适龄人口中的占比，而与其相对的“净入学率”（net enrollment ratio）则是指该学段适龄的学生总数在对应的适龄人口中的占比。举个例子，假设学前教育学段的适龄人口限定为4到6岁，但是很多幼儿园也会招收4岁以下的儿童，因此，幼儿园的毛入学率就是所有幼儿园儿童总数在全国4到6岁人口中的占比，而幼儿园的净入学率则是所有幼儿园中4到6岁儿童总数在全国4到6岁人口中的占比。

A new batch of government-subsidized kindergartens will be built in villages, urban areas with concentrated populations, and former poverty-stricken areas.
新建改扩建一批公办幼儿园，支持人口集中流入地、农村地区和原集中连片特困地区县等地区普及学前教育。

Local authorities are urged to estimate enrollment needs every year to better make plans, it said.
优化普惠性资源布局，逐年做好入园需求测算。

Local authorities are urged to build more government-subsidized kindergartens run by public institutions, communities and SOEs and facilitate private kindergartens to provide affordable preschool education for families with financial difficulties.
鼓励支持政府机关、国有企事业单位、街道等举办公办幼儿园，积极扶持民办园提供普惠性服务。

Salaries, benefits and teaching materials for kindergarten teachers will also be improved, it added, and kindergartens should strengthen school security and regulations.
落实幼儿园教师工资待遇保障，加强幼儿园安全及规范管理。

县域普通高中将全面消除56人及以上大班额

The action plan to improve county-level high school education aims to increase the gross enrollment rate to at least 92 percent by 2025, as these schools account for half the total number of high schools in China.
“县中提升计划”总体目标是，到2025年，推动全国高中阶段教育毛入学率达到92%以上。县办普通高中在全国普通高中学校中的占比达到一半。

The plan has strictly forbidden cross-regional enrollment of high-performing students and has asked city governments to establish a unified online enrollment platform.
坚决杜绝违规跨区域掐尖招生，全面建立地市级高中阶段学校统一招生录取网络平台。

The plan also said city-level high schools must not poach outstanding principals and teachers from county-level high schools or those from less-developed regions.
严禁发达地区、城区学校到薄弱地区、县中抢挖优秀校长和教师。

【词汇讲解】

这里的poach表达的意思是“to attract (someone, such as an employee or customer) away from a competitor”，即“从竞争对手那里挖人”，比如：One of their best managers was poached by another company.（他们最好的一个经理被别的公司挖走了）；此外，poach还经常用来表示“to catch and kill animals illegally”，即“盗猎”，“违法盗猎分子”就是poachers。

Additionally, it urged county-level high schools to better control class size, limiting classes to no more than 56 students, and new schools should have no more than 3,000 students and personnel, it added.
加大消除普通高中大班额专项规划实施力度，全面消除56人及以上大班额，新建普通高中规模不得超过3000人。

【相关词汇】

基础教育综合改革实验区 pilot zones for comprehensive reform of basic education

“双减” ease the burden of excessive homework and off-campus tutoring for students undergoing compulsory education

高质量教育体系 high-quality education system

现代职业教育体系 modern vocational education system

优师计划 targeted teacher training plan

城乡义务教育一体化发展 coordinated development of compulsory education in urban and rural areas

参考来源：央视新闻、中国日报网
编辑：Helen