《“一国两制”下香港的民主发展》白皮书（双语全文）

五、香港特别行政区民主发展重回正轨
V. Development of Democracy in Hong Kong Is Back on Track

“事有必至，理有固然”。“修例风波”对国家安全、香港法治、经济社会稳定造成的严重危害令人痛心、发人深省。2019年10月31日，中共十九届四中全会明确指出，必须“建立健全特别行政区维护国家安全的法律制度和执行机制，支持特别行政区强化执法力量”“完善特别行政区同宪法和基本法实施相关的制度和机制，坚持以爱国者为主体的‘港人治港’、‘澳人治澳’，提高特别行政区依法治理能力和水平”，“绝不容忍任何挑战‘一国两制’底线的行为，绝不容忍任何分裂国家的行为”。中央政府审时度势，果断决策，采取了一系列重大举措，标本兼治，拨乱反正，引领和推动香港局势和民主发展重回正轨。
The 2019 turmoil was a painful blow to national security, the rule of law, and social and economic stability in Hong Kong. At the Fourth Plenary Session of the 19th CPC Central Committee concluded on October 31, 2019, the following decisions were made: to reinforce the legal framework and supporting mechanisms for safeguarding national security in the special administrative regions; to support the regions in strengthening law enforcement; to improve the systems and mechanisms for enforcing the Constitution and the Basic Law in the two regions; to ensure Hong Kong and Macao are governed by patriots; to build up the capacity of the special administrative regions to govern in accordance with the law; to grant zero tolerance to any attempt to challenge the One Country, Two Systems principle or divide the country. The central government responded swiftly to the turmoil by taking a series of decisive measures that addressed both the symptoms and root causes of the unrest, restored order, and brought Hong Kong and democracy back on track.

（一）制定实施香港国安法为民主发展提供基本条件
1. Formulating and Enforcing the Hong Kong National Security Law Has Created Favorable Conditions for the Development of Democracy

维护国家安全是国家的头等大事。中央政府对香港特别行政区有关的国家安全事务负有根本责任，香港特别行政区负有维护国家安全的宪制责任。2020年5月28日，第十三届全国人民代表大会第三次会议通过《关于建立健全香港特别行政区维护国家安全的法律制度和执行机制的决定》，对建立健全香港特别行政区维护国家安全的法律制度和执行机制提出原则要求，授权全国人大常委会就此制定相关法律，切实防范、制止和惩治与香港特别行政区有关的严重危害国家安全的行为和活动。6月30日，全国人大常委会通过香港国安法，并决定将该法列入基本法附件三，由香港特别行政区政府同日刊宪公布实施。该法对与香港特别行政区有关的分裂国家、颠覆国家政权、组织实施恐怖活动和勾结外国或者境外势力危害国家安全等犯罪及其处罚作出了规定，建立健全了国家和特别行政区两个层面维护国家安全的执行机制，并从国家安全的角度进一步明确了参选或者就任香港特别行政区有关公职的资格和条件。香港国安法的制定实施，筑牢了特别行政区维护国家安全的法律制度屏障，有力打击了“港独”激进势力的嚣张气焰，对香港迅速止暴制乱、恢复正常社会秩序、实现由乱到治的历史性转折发挥了关键作用，是“一国两制”事业发展的重要里程碑。
National security is of paramount significance for any country. The central government bears a fundamental responsibility for matters of national security pertaining to the HKSAR, and the HKSAR bears a constitutional responsibility for safeguarding national security. On May 28, 2020, at the Third Session of the 13th NPC, the Decision on Establishing and Improving the Legal System and Enforcement Mechanisms for Safeguarding National Security in the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region was adopted. The decision set the guidelines on establishing the legal framework and supporting mechanisms for safeguarding national security in the HKSAR. It authorized the NPC Standing Committee to formulate legislation to effectively prevent, halt, and punish any acts and activities severely jeopardizing national security in the region. On June 30, the NPC Standing Committee passed the Hong Kong National Security Law and included it in Annex III to the Basic Law. On the same day, the HKSAR government released the Hong Kong National Security Law and had it published on The Government of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region Gazette for enforcement.
The Hong Kong National Security Law stipulates four offenses – secession, subversion of state power, organization and perpetration of terrorist activities, and collusion with a foreign country or with external elements to endanger national security – and the corresponding penalties. This law improves the enforcement mechanisms for safeguarding national security at both national and HKSAR levels, and it defines the criteria for eligibility and the required qualifications of candidates or nominees for public service positions in Hong Kong. The promulgation and enforcement of the Hong Kong National Security Law provides a strong legal safeguard for protecting national security in Hong Kong. It has dealt a heavy blow to extremist advocates of independence, and it has been instrumental in quickly quelling riots and restoring order in Hong Kong. The law marks a milestone in advancing the cause of One Country, Two Systems.

任何民主都是在特定国家或地区范围内的民主，必须以维护本国国家安全为基本前提条件。如果国家安全得不到基本保障，就不可能有正常、真正的民主。切实防范、制止、惩治发生在香港特别行政区严重危害国家安全的行为和活动，不仅是维护国家安全的迫切需要，也是继续推动香港民主正常发展的需要。香港国安法的制定实施为香港特别行政区民主发展重新回到正确轨道创造了基本条件。
Whatever form of democracy runs in any country, it must first and foremost safeguard national security. There can never be workable, authentic democracy without security. To safeguard national security and to develop democracy in the HKSAR, solid measures must be taken to prevent, halt, and punish offenses that seriously undermine national security. The enforcement of the Hong Kong National Security Law has created favorable conditions for restoring order to the process of building democracy in Hong Kong.

（二）明确香港特别行政区公职人员参选、任职和就职宣誓等规矩
2. Rules Have Been Formulated for Hong Kong Public Servants to Stand for Election, Assume Office, and Take the Oath of Office

早在2016年11月7日，针对第六届立法会议员就职宣誓时发生严重侮辱国家和民族的情况，全国人大常委会作出《关于〈中华人民共和国香港特别行政区基本法〉第一百零四条的解释》，明确拥护中华人民共和国香港特别行政区基本法、效忠中华人民共和国香港特别行政区是参选或者出任香港特别行政区有关公职的法定要求和条件；阐明了“就职时必须依法宣誓”的含义，明确了依法宣誓的法律效力及其法律责任，为立法会议员等公职人员就职宣誓定下了规矩，为阻止反中乱港势力通过选举进入香港特别行政区政权架构加固了法律屏障。
On November 7, 2016, following an incident when some members of the Sixth Legislative Council of the HKSAR insulted China and the Chinese nation when taking the oath of office, the NPC Standing Committee adopted the Interpretation of Article 104 of the Basic Law of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of the People’s Republic of China. The interpretation prescribes that upholding the Basic Law and pledging allegiance to the HKSAR are the legal requirements and prerequisites for standing for election or assuming public office in Hong Kong. The interpretation defines the act of taking the oath of office in accordance with the law as well as its legal weight and the legal responsibility it entails. It thus sets rules for oath-taking by members of the Legislative Council and other holders of public office in Hong Kong, and serves as a legal safeguard to prevent agitators from infiltrating the Hong Kong government system by means of elections.

2020年8月11日，全国人大常委会根据香港特别行政区行政长官报请国务院提出的有关议案，就因受新冠肺炎疫情影响推迟第七届立法会选举而出现的立法机关空缺问题，作出《关于香港特别行政区第六届立法会继续履行职责的决定》，明确2020年9月30日后香港特别行政区第六届立法会继续履行职责不少于一年，直至第七届立法会任期开始为止。为解决由此引发的个别议员延任资格争议，2020年11月11日，全国人大常委会通过《关于香港特别行政区立法会议员资格问题的决定》，明确立法会议员因宣扬或者支持“港独”主张、拒绝承认国家对香港拥有并行使主权、寻求外国或者境外势力干预香港特别行政区事务，或者具有其他危害国家安全等行为，不符合拥护中华人民共和国香港特别行政区基本法、效忠中华人民共和国香港特别行政区的法定要求和条件，一经依法认定，即时丧失立法会议员资格。这进一步明确了就任立法会议员的法定资格，完善了相关制度机制。
On August 11, 2020, in response to a proposal made to the State Council by the Chief Executive to avoid the absence of a legislature caused by the postponement of the Seventh Legislative Council election due to Covid-19, the NPC Standing Committee adopted the Decision on the Continuing Discharge of Duties by the Sixth Legislative Council of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region. The decision affirmed that after September 30, 2020, the Sixth Legislative Council of the HKSAR would continue to discharge duties for no less than one year until the Seventh Legislative Council started functioning.
On November 11, 2020, to resolve disputes concerning the continued qualification of a few members of the Legislative Council, the NPC Standing Committee adopted the Decision on Issues Relating to the Qualification of the Members of the Legislative Council of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region. It provides that a member of the Legislative Council of the HKSAR should be immediately disqualified if he or she is determined, in accordance with the law, to have committed one of the following acts:
• advocates or supports “Hong Kong independence”;
• refuses to recognize China’s sovereignty over Hong Kong and its exercise of such sovereignty;
• seeks intervention by external forces in the affairs of Hong Kong;
• carries out other activities endangering national security;
• fails to meet the legal requirements and conditions of endorsing the Basic Law and pledging allegiance to the HKSAR.
The decision further defines the legal qualification of members of the Legislative Council and improves the relevant system and mechanism.

（三）完善香港特别行政区选举制度
3. The Electoral System of Hong Kong Has Been Improved

2021年3月11日，第十三届全国人民代表大会第四次会议通过《全国人民代表大会关于完善香港特别行政区选举制度的决定》，明确完善选举制度应当遵循的基本原则和核心要素，授权全国人大常委会修改香港基本法附件一和附件二。3月30日，第十三届全国人大常委会第二十七次会议全票通过新的基本法附件一《香港特别行政区行政长官的产生办法》和附件二《香港特别行政区立法会的产生办法和表决程序》，3月31日起实施。原基本法附件一和附件二及其修正案不再施行。
On March 11, 2021, the Decision on Improving the Electoral System of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region was adopted at the Fourth Session of the 13th NPC. The decision defines the basic principles and core elements for improving Hong Kong’s electoral system, and authorizes the NPC Standing Committee to amend Annex I and Annex II to the Basic Law.
On March 30, at its 27th Session, the 13th NPC Standing Committee unanimously passed the amended Annex I “Method for the Selection of the Chief Executive of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region” and Annex II “Method for the Formation of the Legislative Council of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region and Its Voting Procedures”. The amended Annex I and Annex II came into force on March 31, and the methods previously in force ceased to apply.

香港特别行政区随即以本地立法方式落实全国人大及其常委会的上述决定和对基本法附件一和附件二的修订。特别行政区政府提出了涵盖8项主体法例和24项附属法例的有关本地法律修订法案。2021年5月27日，香港特别行政区立法会通过《2021年完善选举制度（综合修订）条例》，标志着完善香港特别行政区选举制度的工作顺利完成。
The Hong Kong government then implemented the decision and the amended Annex I and Annex II through local legislation. It proposed a bill on the amendment of local laws, including 8 principal laws and 24 subsidiary laws. On May 27, 2021, the Legislative Council passed the Improving Electoral System (Consolidated Amendments) Bill 2021, thus completing the improvements to Hong Kong’s electoral system.

完善香港特别行政区选举制度体现了以下五项重要原则：第一，全面准确贯彻“一国两制”方针，严格依照宪法、基本法和全国人大的有关决定，坚决维护国家主权、安全、发展利益，坚决反对外来干涉，维护香港繁荣稳定和长治久安。第二，全面落实“爱国者治港”原则，确保香港特别行政区的管治权牢牢掌握在爱国者手中，切实保障香港居民合法权益。第三，坚持依法治港，坚决维护宪法和基本法确定的宪制秩序，坚决维护法治权威，任何违反法律、破坏法治的行为都必须依法予以追究。第四，增强选举委员会和立法会的代表性，扩大香港社会均衡有序的政治参与，维护香港社会整体利益和根本利益。第五，强化行政和立法之间的有效配合，提高治理效能，减少政治争拗和内耗。
The improvements are underpinned by five major principles:
• Fully and faithfully implementing the policy of One Country, Two Systems, abiding by the Constitution, the Basic Law and the relevant decisions of the NPC, resolutely safeguarding China’s sovereignty, security and development interests, resolutely opposing external interference, and maintaining enduring peace and order in Hong Kong;
• Fully implementing the principle of Hong Kong patriots governing Hong Kong, keeping the power to govern Hong Kong firmly in the hands of those who love the country, and ensuring the legitimate rights and interests of Hong Kong residents;
• Upholding the rule of law and its authority in Hong Kong, safeguarding the order established by the Constitution and the Basic Law, and holding to account anyone guilty of violating the law or undermining the rule of law;
• Making the Election Committee and the Legislative Council more representative, expanding balanced and orderly political participation, and safeguarding the overall and fundamental interests of Hong Kong;
• Improving coordination between the executive and the legislature, improving governance, and reducing political conflict and internal strife.

这次完善香港特别行政区选举制度主要有三个方面内容。
The improvements cover three areas:

第一，重新构建选举委员会，扩大规模、增加界别、优化分组、完善职能。一是选举委员会的规模由原来的1200人扩大到1500人，组成由原来的四大界别扩大为五大界别，每个界别300人。增加了第五界别“港区全国人大代表、港区全国政协委员和有关全国性团体香港成员的代表界”。选举委员会每届任期五年，委员必须是香港特别行政区永久性居民。二是明确规定了选举委员会五大界别共40个界别分组的划分、名额分配以及产生方式，调整优化了有关界别分组。选举委员会委员的产生继续沿用原来的三种方式，即当然委员、由提名产生的委员和由选举产生的委员。三是完善和扩大了选举委员会的职能，保留选举委员会选举产生行政长官人选的职能，恢复选举委员会选举产生部分立法会议员的职能，增加选举委员会参与提名立法会议员候选人的职能。重新构建的选举委员会覆盖面更广、代表性更强，社会各界参与更加均衡，更能体现香港社会的整体利益和根本利益，更加符合香港作为一个国际化、多元化、高度发达的资本主义社会的特点，也更加符合香港特别行政区作为直辖于中央人民政府的地方行政区域的宪制地位和实际情况。
First, the Election Committee has been restructured, with its membership enlarged, its sectors increased in number, its delimitation of sectors improved, and its functions enhanced.
• The membership of the Election Committee is increased from 1,200 to 1,500; the number of sectors increased from 4 to 5, with each comprising 300 members. The additional Fifth Sector is composed of Hong Kong deputies to the NPC, Hong Kong members of the CPPCC National Committee, and representatives of Hong Kong members of relevant national organizations. The term of office of the Election Committee is five years, and members of the Election Committee must be permanent Hong Kong residents.
• There are specific provisions concerning the delimitation and allocation of seats, and the formation of the 40 subsectors under the five sectors of the Election Committee, with the delimitation of sectors further improved. The three constituent groups that previously formed the Election Committee will continue to supply members – ex-officio members, validly nominated members, and validly elected members.
• The functions of the Election Committee have been improved and expanded: Its function of electing the Chief Executive designate from the list of nominations is retained; its function of electing some members of the Legislative Council is restored; and its role in nominating candidates for the Legislative Council is added.
The restructured Election Committee has a wider social basis. It is more representative, with more balanced participation by all sectors of society. It thus better represents the overall and fundamental interests of Hong Kong as an international, pluralistic and highly-developed capitalist society, and it fully conforms to the constitutional status and realities of Hong Kong as a local administrative region under the direct jurisdiction of China’s central government.

第二，规定了行政长官和立法会的产生办法。基本保留原来的行政长官选举制度，在提名机制等方面有所调整，以确保行政长官必须由中央政府信任的、坚定的爱国者担任。重点改革立法会选举制度，更好地平衡香港社会的整体利益、界别利益和地区利益。立法会议员人数由70席增加至90席；由选举委员会选举、功能界别选举和分区直接选举分别产生40名、30名和20名议员；同时对立法会选举的提名、选民资格、选举方式等作出了具体规定。
Second, provisions are made concerning the methods for the selection of the Chief Executive and the formation of the Legislative Council. The basic elements of the previous system for selecting the Chief Executive are retained, while the nomination mechanisms are adjusted to ensure that the Chief Executive must be a loyal patriot trusted by the central government. The priority is to reform the voting procedures of the Legislative Council so as to strike a better balance between the overall interests of Hong Kong society, the interests of individual sectors, and the interests of the various parts of Hong Kong. The number of members of the Legislative Council has increased from 70 to 90; of these, 40 members are returned by the Election Committee, 30 by functional constituencies, and 20 by geographical constituencies through direct election. There are specific provisions regarding the nomination of candidates for the Legislative Council, voter eligibility, and voting methods.

第三，完善候选人资格审查制度。设立候选人资格审查委员会，对参加选举委员会选举、行政长官选举和立法会选举的候选人进行资格审查，确保“爱国者治港”原则的全面落实，坚决把反中乱港势力排除在香港特别行政区政权机关之外。
Third, the system of candidate eligibility review is improved. The Candidate Eligibility Review Committee is established, which is responsible for reviewing the eligibility of candidates for the Election Committee, nominees for the Chief Executive, and candidates for the Legislative Council. This is to ensure that the principle of Hong Kong patriots governing Hong Kong is fully implemented and that those who seek to overturn Hong Kong’s constitutional order and destabilize Hong Kong are disbarred from participation in Hong Kong’s government system.

2021年9月19日，作为香港特别行政区完善选举制度之后举行的首场重大选举，香港特别行政区选举委员会选举成功举行。2021年12月19日，第七届立法会选举举行，选举过程公开、公平、公正、安全、廉洁，充分展现了香港特别行政区民主实践的新气象。
On September 19, 2021, the polls closed in Hong Kong’s 2021 Election Committee Subsector Election, the first major election held successfully under the improved electoral system.
Held on December 19, the elections for the Seventh Legislative Council were open, fair, secure and clean, representing another step forward for democracy in Hong Kong.

实践表明，香港特别行政区新的民主选举制度具有鲜明的特点和优越性。第一，具有广泛代表性。新选举制度吸引了众多来自不同背景的人士参选，“五光十色”、多元多样前所未有，既有商界、学界、专业界精英，又有来自社会基层的劳工、职员、中小企业经营者代表；既有土生土长的香港人，又有从内地和台湾到香港生活工作的居民、加入中国籍的外国居民；既有经验丰富的资深参政者，又有充满活力和创新精神的新一代年轻人。居住公屋和“劏房”的人士、巴士车长、注册电工等成为立法会选举候选人，这在香港的过去是根本不可能的。
Hong Kong’s new electoral system has the following characteristics and strengths:
First, it is broadly representative. The new electoral system has attracted an impressive range of candidates from a diversity of backgrounds. Among them are representatives of business, academia and the professions, as well as workers, employees, and operators of small and medium-sized enterprises from the grassroots. They include natives of Hong Kong, residents from the mainland and Taiwan who have come to live and work in Hong Kong, and naturalized foreign residents. They range from political veterans to a new generation of young people full of energy and innovation. Ordinary people including residents from public housing and subdivided apartment complexes, bus drivers, and electricians are all likely candidates for the Legislative Council. This would never have happened in Hong Kong in the past.

第二，具有政治包容性。选举不是“单声道”，立法会选举候选人来自不同政治团体、政治派别，代表不同的政治光谱，持有不同的政治理念和抱负。多名持有不同政见和主张的人士，都获得提名参选，体现了新选举制度的最大开放包容。在爱国爱港旗帜下，新选举制度最大程度拉长了包容多样的半径，画出了“一国两制”实践行稳致远、香港长期繁荣稳定、香港同胞奔向美好生活这个符合香港根本利益的最大同心圆。
Second, it is politically inclusive. Elections should reflect more than one voice. Candidates for the Legislative Council represent various political groups and interests from different points on the political spectrum, espousing different political philosophies, and aspiring to different goals. This shows clearly the open and inclusive nature of the new electoral system. Upholding the principle of loving the country and Hong Kong, the new electoral system has expanded the boundaries of political involvement in line with the fundamental interests of Hong Kong: the sustained implementation of One Country, Two Systems, the long-term prosperity and stability of Hong Kong, and the pursuit of a better life for the people of Hong Kong.

第三，具有均衡参与性。新的选举制度将立法会议席分为三大板块，组成结构得到优化，各阶层、各界别、各方面均有代表参与立法机关，从而确保了政治参与的均衡度，兼顾了香港社会各阶层和各界别的不同利益，特别是在有利于资本主义发展的同时，更好地代表了香港的整体利益，保护了各界别利益和地区利益，更能全面反映民意，更加符合香港实际。
Third, it ensures balanced participation. The new electoral system has optimized the composition of the Legislative Council by dividing membership among those returned by the Election Committee, by functional constituencies, and by geographical constituencies through direct elections. Participation of all social groups and all constituencies in the legislature ensures balanced political representation – diverse interests are thus taken into consideration. While ensuring the sound development of capitalism, the system conforms to Hong Kong’s realities and enables the Legislative Council to better represent the overall interests of Hong Kong, protect the interests of all social groups and geographical constituencies, and reflect public opinion in a more comprehensive way.

第四，具有公平竞争性。这次立法会选举，全部90个席位都有竞争，没有任何人自动当选。这是香港回归以来从未有过的。新选举制度使得竞选活动更加理性、公平、有序，更加注重民生和发展议题，更加注重参选人的能力和素质展示。所有候选人在同一个平台上竞争，通过比专长、比政纲、比理念、比担当、比贡献等方式，积极争取选民支持。香港过去很长一段时期，盲目从形式上追求西方式民主，实际上带给香港的并不是真正的民主，而是分化恶斗、社会失序、经济失衡、管治失效，香港居民并没有真正享受到原汁原味的民主。新选举制度使选举回归良性、理性、平等、干净竞争，真正体现选举的本意，真正为香港人谋实惠、谋福祉。
Fourth, it guarantees fair competition. All 90 seats in the Legislative Council elections were contested – the first time since Hong Kong’s return to China. The new electoral system attaches greater importance to the competence and quality of candidates, thus making election activities more rational, fair and orderly, and it addresses a higher level of attention to issues such as people’s lives and regional development. All candidates compete on the same platform, campaigning on their expertise, policies, ideas, contributions, and sense of responsibility.
Prior to the handover, the UK tried to impose elements of a fake Western-style democracy on Hong Kong. Since the handover, local agitators have created polarization and social disorder resulting in economic imbalance and ineffective regulation. None of this has ever helped Hong Kong residents to enjoy genuine democracy. The new electoral system has brought benign, rational, fair and clean competition back to elections, so that the true purpose of elections is achieved, to the greater benefit of the people of Hong Kong.

显而易见，完善后的香港特别行政区选举制度，全面准确贯彻了“一国两制”方针和基本法，符合香港特别行政区的实际情况。既坚持“一国”原则，又尊重“两制”差异；既充分体现“爱国者治港”原则要求，修补了选举制度存在的漏洞和缺陷，又做到了包容开放；既保证广泛参与，又体现均衡参与；既发展选举民主，又加强协商民主；既维护了政权安全，又有利于提高治理效能；既有利于促进良政善治，又有利于维护和实现香港广大居民的民主权利。这是香港特别行政区民主制度的优化提升和与时俱进，并为香港特别行政区民主的长远健康发展打下了坚实的基础，为实现“双普选”目标创造了有利条件。
Obviously, Hong Kong’s improved electoral system gives full expression to the policy of One Country, Two Systems and the Basic Law in line with Hong Kong’s realities.
• It is based on the principle of One Country while respecting the differences between the Two Systems.
• It is guided by the principle of Hong Kong patriots governing Hong Kong; it closes the loopholes in the previous electoral system, and is open and inclusive.
• It ensures both extensive and balanced participation.
• It reinforces both electoral democracy and consultative democracy.
• It safeguards state authority and improves governance.
• It promotes good governance and upholds and realizes the democratic rights of the Hong Kong people.
The improved electoral system shows that democracy in Hong Kong is advancing with the times. This system ensures the sound long-term development of democracy in Hong Kong, and fosters favorable conditions necessary for the election by universal suffrage of the Chief Executive and the Legislative Council.

根据中国宪法，人民代表大会制度是国家的根本政治制度。全国人大是最高国家权力机关，全国人大常委会是其常设机关，全国人大及其常委会行使国家立法权、重大事项决定权、重大人事权和监督权。全国人大常委会还拥有宪法和法律的解释权。人民代表大会制度为贯彻实施“一国两制”方针提供了根本制度保障。自二十世纪八十年代开始，全国人大及其常委会在批准《中英联合声明》、起草制定香港特别行政区基本法、决定香港特别行政区成立、处理过渡期各种复杂政治法律问题以及解决回归后香港“一国两制”实践出现的各种新问题、新挑战过程中，发挥了极其重要的作用。特别是2019年香港发生“修例风波”以后，全国人大及其常委会履行宪制责任，及时作出一系列重要决定，制定香港国安法，修改基本法附件一和附件二，完善香港特别行政区选举制度，对香港特别行政区止暴制乱、由乱到治，对香港特别行政区民主发展重回正轨，对全面准确贯彻执行“一国两制”方针和基本法发挥了重要作用。
According to the Constitution, the system of people’s congresses is China’s fundamental political system. The NPC is the highest organ of state power, and its permanent institution is the NPC Standing Committee. The NPC and its Standing Committee exercise the legislative power of the state, the power to decide on major issues, the power to appoint and remove top-level officials, and the power of oversight. The NPC Standing Committee has the power to interpret the Constitution and laws. The system of people’s congresses provides a fundamental institutional safeguard for the policy of One Country, Two Systems.
Since the 1980s, the NPC and its Standing Committee have played a vital role in approving the Sino-British Joint Declaration, drafting and enacting the Basic Law, deciding on the establishment of the HKSAR, addressing complex political and legal issues in the transition period, and meeting new challenges encountered in the course of implementing the policy of One Country, Two Systems since Hong Kong’s return to China.
In particular, in response to the 2019 turmoil, the NPC and its Standing Committee have fulfilled their constitutional responsibilities and made a series of sound and timely decisions – enacting the Hong Kong National Security Law, amending Annex I and Annex II to the Basic Law, and improving Hong Kong’s electoral system. The NPC and its Standing Committee have thus played a critical role in quelling riots and restoring order in Hong Kong. They have ensured that the development of democracy in Hong Kong will continue to make orderly progress, and that the policy of One Country, Two Systems and the Basic Law are fully and faithfully implemented and enforced.

中央政府为发展和完善香港特别行政区民主制度所付出的各种努力，都是为了“一国两制”实践行稳致远，为了让全体香港居民更好地行使民主权利，为了香港长期繁荣稳定和长治久安。中央政府永远是香港特别行政区民主发展坚定的主导者、支持者和推动者，是全体香港居民根本利益的守护者。
By making all these efforts to develop and improve democracy in Hong Kong, the central government aims to ensure the success of the policy of One Country, Two Systems, to enable the Hong Kong residents to better exercise their democratic rights, and to maintain Hong Kong’s long-term stability and prosperity. The central government will continue to steer the course for the development of democracy in Hong Kong and support this endeavor, and it will continue to resolutely uphold the fundamental interests of all the people in Hong Kong.