新时代的中国青年(双语全文）

国务院新闻办公室21日发表《新时代的中国青年》白皮书。全文如下：

The State Council Information Office of China on Thursday published a white paper titled "Youth of China in the New Era."
The following is the full text of the report.

 

　　新时代的中国青年

　　（2022年4月）

　　中华人民共和国

　　国务院新闻办公室

Youth of China in the New Era
The State Council Information Office of the People's Republic of China
April 2022

 

 

　　目录

　　前言

　　一、新时代中国青年生逢盛世、共享机遇

　　（一）拥有更高质量的发展条件

　　（二）获得更多人生出彩机会

　　（三）享受更全面的保障支持

　　二、新时代中国青年素质过硬、全面发展

　　（一）理想信念更为坚定

　　（二）身心素质向好向强

　　（三）知识素养不断提升

　　（四）社会参与积极主动

　　三、新时代中国青年勇挑重担、堪当大任

　　（一）在平凡岗位上奋斗奉献

　　（二）在急难险重任务中冲锋在前

　　（三）在基层一线经受磨砺

　　（四）在创新创业中走在前列

　　（五）在社会文明建设中引风气之先

　　四、新时代中国青年胸怀世界、展现担当

　　（一）更加开放自信地融入世界

　　（二）展现构建人类命运共同体的青春担当

　　（三）中国青年的全球行动倡议

　　结束语

Contents

Preamble

I. The New Era: Great Times with Ample Opportunities

II. All-Round Development in the New Era

III. Shouldering Heavy Tasks and Responsibilities

IV. Having a Global Vision and a Strong Sense of Responsibility

Conclusion

 

　　前言

Preamble

 

　　青年是整个社会力量中最积极、最有生气的力量，国家的希望在青年，民族的未来在青年。中国青年始终是实现中华民族伟大复兴的先锋力量。

　　近代以后，中国逐步沦为半殖民地半封建社会，国家蒙辱、人民蒙难、文明蒙尘，中华民族遭受了前所未有的劫难，中国青年深切感受到日益深重的民族危机。

　　中国青年的觉醒，点燃了中华民族伟大复兴的希望之光。五四运动前后，一大批率先接受新思想、新文化、新知识的有志青年在反复比较中选择了马克思列宁主义，促进中国人民和中华民族实现了自鸦片战争以来的第一次全面觉醒。1921年7月，平均年龄仅28岁的13位代表参加中国共产党第一次全国代表大会，宣告了中国共产党诞生这一开天辟地的大事变，吹响了全民族觉醒和奋起的号角，开启了民族复兴的新纪元。在中国共产党的领导下，中国共产主义青年团于1922年成立，中国青年运动翻开了新的历史篇章。

　　回首百年，无论风云变幻、沧海桑田，中国青年爱党、爱国、爱人民的赤诚追求始终未改，坚定不移听党话、跟党走的忠贞初心始终未变。在新民主主义革命时期，中国青年不怕牺牲、敢于斗争，经受了生与死的考验，为争取民族独立、人民解放冲锋陷阵、抛洒热血。在社会主义革命和建设时期，中国青年勇于拼搏、甘于奉献，经受了苦与乐的考验，在新中国的广阔天地忘我劳动、发愤图强。在改革开放和社会主义现代化建设新时期，中国青年开拓创新、勇立潮头，经受了得与失的考验，为推动中国大踏步赶上时代锐意改革、拼搏奋进。

　　党的十八大以来，中国特色社会主义进入新时代。以习近平同志为核心的党中央高度重视青年、热情关怀青年、充分信任青年，鲜明提出党管青年原则，大力倡导青年优先发展理念，着力发挥共青团作为党的助手和后备军作用，推动青年发展事业实现全方位进步、取得历史性成就。在这个伟大的新时代，中国青年展现了亮丽的青春风采、迸发出豪迈的青春激情。

　　新时代中国青年刚健自信、胸怀天下、担当有为，衷心拥护党的领导，奋力走在时代前列，展现出前所未有的昂扬风貌：追求远大理想，心中铭刻着对马克思主义的崇高信仰、对共产主义和中国特色社会主义的坚定信念；深植家国情怀，与国家同呼吸、与人民共命运，时刻彰显着鲜明的爱国主义精神气质；传承奋斗担当，先天下之忧而忧、后天下之乐而乐，勇做走在时代前列的奋进者、开拓者、奉献者。

　　历史清晰而深刻地昭示，没有中国共产党就没有朝气蓬勃的中国青年运动，矢志不渝跟党走是中国青年百年奋斗的最宝贵经验，深深融入血脉的红色基因是中国青年百年奋斗的最宝贵财富。

　　2021年7月1日，习近平总书记在庆祝中国共产党成立100周年大会上深情寄语：“新时代的中国青年要以实现中华民族伟大复兴为己任，增强做中国人的志气、骨气、底气，不负时代，不负韶华，不负党和人民的殷切期望！”

　　展望未来，民族复兴大业已经站在新的历史起点、踏上新的伟大征程。新时代中国青年迎来了实现抱负、施展才华的难得机遇，更肩负着建设社会主义现代化强国、实现中华民族伟大复兴中国梦的时代重任。

　　中国梦是历史的、现实的，也是未来的；是广大人民的，更是青年一代的。新时代中国青年必将以永不懈怠的精神状态、永不停滞的前进姿态，在接续奋斗中将中华民族伟大复兴的中国梦变为现实。

　　为充分展示新时代中国青年的风貌和担当，值此中国共产主义青年团成立100周年之际，特发布本白皮书。

Youth is the most active and vital force in society. The hopes of a country and the future of a nation lie in the hands of its young generation. Young Chinese have always played a vanguard role in the quest for national rejuvenation.

After 1840, China was gradually reduced to a semi-colonial, semi-feudal society and suffered enormous hardships. The country endured intense humiliation, the people were subjected to great pain, and China's civilization was plunged into darkness. China's youth gradually came to recognize the mounting national crisis.

The enlightenment of its youth lit a beacon of hope for the rejuvenation of the Chinese nation. Around the May Fourth Movement in 1919, a large number of aspiring and progressive young intellectuals assumed the lead in accepting new ideas, new culture, and new knowledge. After careful consideration they chose to follow Marxism-Leninism, which led to a widespread awakening of the people and the nation for the first time since the Opium War. In July 1921, 13 delegates, of an average age of only 28, participated in the first National Congress of the Communist Party of China (CPC) and announced the founding of the Party, an epoch-making event that sounded the clarion call for the awakening and rise of the nation. This marked the beginning of a new era of national rejuvenation for China. Under the CPC's leadership, the Communist Youth League of China (CYLC) was established in 1922, opening a new chapter of the Chinese youth movement.

Looking back on a century of relentless change, China's youth have never wavered in their determination to love the Party, the country and the people, nor in their commitment to the original aspiration of following the instructions and guidance of the Party. During the New Democratic Revolution (1919-1949), they rose to the occasion without fear of death and fought bravely for national independence and the people's liberation. During the socialist revolution and reconstruction (1949-1978), they endured hardships and dedicated themselves to building the newly-founded country. In the new period of reform, opening up and socialist modernization, those with a talent for innovation who were open to challenges stood out and forged ahead, led reform, and ensured that China progressed with the times.

The 18th CPC National Congress held in 2012 marks the beginning of a new era in the development of socialism with Chinese characteristics. The CPC Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core attaches great importance to young people, and cares deeply about them, and fully trusts them. It is committed to the principle that the Party exercises leadership over youth, gives top priority to youth development, and ensures the CYLC plays its role to the full as an aide to the Party and a reserve force. This will enable the younger generations to develop fully and achieve historic progress. In this great new era, China's youth have shown amazing vibrancy and great passion.

Young Chinese people in the new era are confident, aspirant and responsible. They wholeheartedly support the leadership of the Party. With a global vision, they stand at the forefront of the times bursting with commitment: pursuing lofty ideals with a firm belief in Marxism, communism and socialism with Chinese characteristics; full of patriotism, sharing weal and woe with the country and the people; displaying the sterling quality of living up to responsibilities; being the first in the country to worry about the affairs of the state and the last to enjoy themselves; striving to be pioneers in, pacesetters for and contributors to the country's development.

History shows clearly that without the CPC, the Chinese youth movement would have achieved little. For China's youth, commitment to the CPC is the most valuable experience, and the revolutionary traditions passed down are the most precious wealth accumulated over the past century.

In his speech addressing a ceremony celebrating the CPC centenary on July 1, 2021, Xi Jinping, general secretary of the CPC Central Committee, emphasized that "In the new era, our young people should make it their mission to contribute to national rejuvenation and aspire to become more proud, confident, and assured in their identity as Chinese people, so that they can live up to the promise of their youth and the expectations of our times, our Party and our people."

We have stood at a new historical starting point and embarked on a new journey in achieving the rejuvenation of the Chinese nation. Looking ahead to the new era, China's youth are embracing precious opportunities to realize their ambitions and display their talents, as they shoulder the important responsibility of building a great modern socialist country and realizing the Chinese Dream of national rejuvenation.

The Chinese Dream is a dream about history, the present and the future. It is cherished by all of the people, but even more so by the young. China's youth in the new era will keep on striving with boundless energy, to turn the Chinese Dream of national rejuvenation into reality.

In order to fully showcase the vigorous image and the invaluable contribution of China's youth in the new era, China is releasing this white paper on the occasion of the 100th anniversary of the founding of the CYLC.

 

　　一、新时代中国青年生逢盛世、共享机遇

I. The New Era: Great Times with Ample Opportunities

 

　　时代造就青年，盛世成就青年。新时代的中国繁荣发展、充满希望，中华民族迎来了从站起来、富起来到强起来的伟大飞跃，实现中华民族伟大复兴进入了不可逆转的历史进程。新时代中国青年生逢中华民族发展的最好时期，拥有更优越的发展环境、更广阔的成长空间，面临着建功立业的难得人生际遇。

Great times make fine young people and flourishing ages nurture true talent. The Chinese nation has achieved a tremendous transformation from obtaining independence and becoming prosperous to growing in strength, and the current new era bestows prosperity and hope. China's rejuvenation has become an unstoppable process.

Living in the best times in Chinese history, the current young generation enjoys an enabling environment for development, a broad space to grow, and wonderful opportunities to make a good career.

 

　　（一）拥有更高质量的发展条件

　　随着中国的经济实力、科技实力、综合国力不断迈上新台阶、取得新跨越，新时代中国青年的发展基础日益厚实，发展底气越来越足。

　　物质发展环境更为优越。青年高质量发展，物质丰裕是基础。中国创造了世所罕见的经济快速发展和社会长期稳定“两大奇迹”，2021年国内生产总值超过110万亿元、稳居世界第二。超过2500万贫困青年彻底摆脱贫困，中国青年共同迈向更高水平的小康生活。中国青年向往更有品质的美好生活，消费方式从大众化迈向个性化，消费需求从满足生存转向享受生活，从有衣穿到穿得时尚、穿出个性，从吃饱饭到吃得丰富、吃出健康，从能出行到快捷通畅、平稳舒适。中国青年的生活水平实现了质的跃升，高质量发展有了更加丰盈、更为坚实的物质基础。

　　精神成长空间更为富足。青年高质量发展，离不开精神生活的多姿多彩。受益于图书馆、博物馆、文化馆、美术馆等惠及青年的公共文化设施的不断完善①，中国青年享受的公共文化服务水平显著提高，逐渐从“去哪儿都新鲜”转变为“去哪儿都习以为常”，精神品位不断提升。随着图书、电视、电影、文艺演出等传统文化产业和数字创意、网络视听、数字出版、数字娱乐、线上演播等新兴文化产业迅猛发展，青年所需所盼的公共文化产品日渐丰富，逐渐从“有什么看什么”转变为“想看什么有什么”，文化视野更加开阔。文化旅游、乡村旅游、红色旅游、国际旅游等各类旅游产品应有尽有，青年走出去看世界的需求得到更好满足，逐渐从“只在家门口转转”转变为“哪里都能去逛逛”，见识阅历更加广博。不断扩展的精神文化生活空间，为中国青年追求更有高度、更有境界、更有品位的人生提供了更多可能。

　　在与互联网的相互塑造中成长。互联网深刻塑造了青年，青年也深刻影响了互联网。2020年底，中国6岁至18岁未成年人网民达1.8亿，未成年人互联网普及率达94.9%，城乡普及率差距从2018年的5.4个百分点缩小至0.3个百分点，互联网已经成为当代青少年不可或缺的生活方式、成长空间、“第六感官”。随着互联网的快速普及，越来越多的青年便捷地获取信息、交流思想、交友互动、购物消费，青年的学习、生活和工作方式发生深刻改变。在网络视频（短视频）、网络直播、网约车用户中，青年都是主体。中国青年日益成为网络空间主要的信息生产者、服务消费者、技术推动者，深刻影响了互联网发展潮流。面对纷繁复杂的网络信息，中国青年在网上积极弘扬正能量、展示新风尚，共同营造清朗网络空间。

　　

(1) Better Conditions for Development

China's economic and technological influence and composite national strength keep growing, which offers a sound foundation for China's youth to develop with increasing confidence.

Better material conditions. Affluence provides a good foundation for the young generation to develop and grow.

China has achieved two miracles - rapid economic growth and lasting social stability. In 2021, its economy ranked second in the world in size, with GDP exceeding 110 trillion yuan. As more than 25 million young people have escaped poverty, this generation can look forward to a better future of greater prosperity.

In pursuing a life of high quality, young people are changing their consumption habits from consuming mass products and services to customized ones. They are changing from buying to meet their basic needs to buying to enjoy life, from having clothing to wear to dressing fashionably, from having food to eat to eating well for good health, and from taking affordable transportation to choosing fast and comfortable vehicles. Their standard of living has seen qualitative changes and their prospects for development are supported by a solid material foundation.

Greater space for rich intellectual and cultural life. A rich and colorful intellectual and cultural life is a precondition for young people to prosper and grow.

With a growing number of libraries, museums, cultural centers, art galleries and other public cultural facilities being built,[ By the end of 2020, the number of registered museums had reached 5,788 across the country, with one new museum being opened every two days on average during the period 2016-2020.] young people now enjoy notably improved public cultural services. Instead of feeling amazed at any new place they visit, they are getting used to visiting all kinds of places, thus refining their cultural tastes. Through the buoyant growth of traditional cultural industries such as publishing, television, movies, and artistic performance, and emerging cultural sectors such as the digital creative industry, online audio and visual, digital publishing, digital entertainment and online performance and broadcasting, young people now find diverse public cultural products available to them. Instead of reading and watching whatever they could get hold of, they can read and watch whatever they would like, thus broadening their vision. As a huge variety of tourist products are created for them to choose, such as cultural tours, countryside tours, CPC heritage tours and international travel packages, their desire to travel around the world is now satisfied. Instead of affordable sightseeing trips near their homes, they can travel anywhere they wish, thus enriching their knowledge and experience. These expanding intellectual and cultural spaces offer greater possibilities for young Chinese to achieve more, set lofty goals, and refine their tastes.

Growing with the internet. The internet has profoundly shaped the current generation, and the current generation has also influenced the internet.

At the end of 2020, the number of netizens aged 6 to 18 reached 180 million in China, with the internet available to 94.9 percent of minors, and the gap in internet accessibility between cities and rural areas narrowed to 0.3 percentage point from 5.4 percentage points in 2018. The internet has become the "sixth sense" of contemporary young people and part of their lives, and offers them a space to grow.

Along with rapid popularization of the internet, more and more young people are using the internet to access information, exchange ideas, make friends, and shop, and their ways of learning, living and working are changing profoundly. Young people make up the majority of the users of short online videos, live-streaming viewers, and ride-hailing customers. As they become the main producers of information, consumers of services, and promoters of technologies related to cyberspace, they are exerting a tremendous influence on internet trends. In a complex online environment, young people are spreading positive energy and shaping new social trends in an effort to ensure a clean cyberspace.

（二）获得更多人生出彩机会

　　国家好，青年才会好。随着经济社会快速发展，新时代中国青年获得了更优越的发展机遇，实现人生出彩的舞台越来越宽阔。

　　教育机会更加均等。中国教育事业优先发展不断深化，中国青年享有更加平等、更高质量的教育机会。2021年，中国义务教育巩固率达95.4%；高中阶段毛入学率达91.4%；高等教育毛入学率达57.8%、在学总规模达4430万人，居世界第一，越来越多的青年打开了通往成功成才大门的重要路径。覆盖学前教育至研究生教育的学生资助政策体系建成且日趋完善，2020年资助资金总额超过2400亿元、资助学生近1.5亿人次，实现“三个全覆盖”②。义务教育阶段进城务工人员随迁子女、农村和贫困地区学生等群体受教育权益得到充分保障。2020年，85.8%的进城务工人员随迁子女在公办学校就读或享受政府购买学位服务；2012年至2021年，农村和贫困地区重点高校专项招生计划定向招生超过82万人，让更多的青年公平享有接受更好教育的机会，阻断贫困的代际传递。

　　职业选择丰富多元。中国青年职业选择日益市场化、多元化、自主化，不再只青睐传统意义上的“铁饭碗”，非公有制经济组织和新社会组织逐渐成为青年就业的主要渠道。“非工即农”的就业选择一去不返，第三产业成为吸纳青年就业的重要领域。2020年，第三产业就业占比47.7%，比十年前增长13.1个百分点。特别是近年来快速兴起的新产业、新业态，催生了电竞选手、网络主播、网络作家等大量新职业，集聚了快递小哥、外卖骑手等大量灵活就业青年，涌现了拥有多重身份和职业、多种工作和生活方式的“斜杠青年”，充分体现了时代赋予青年的更多机遇、更多选择。

　　发展流动畅通自由。随着社会主义市场经济体制不断完善，市场主体活力持续提升，各类要素流动日益频繁，青年的发展渠道更加畅通、流动更加自由。在区域协调发展战略深入实施大背景下，中国青年逐渐由单向的“孔雀东南飞”转变为多向的“自由随心飞”，在自己喜欢的城市寻找发展机会，在适合自己的地区拓展成长舞台。一批又一批农村青年走进城市，挥洒汗水、奋力拼搏，安家落户、实现梦想。2020年，外出农民工总数近1.7亿，其中多数为青年；青年常住人口城镇化率达71.1%、比十年前增加15.3个百分点、高于整体常住人口城镇化率7.2个百分点，更多青年通过城乡之间的发展流动更好融入城市生活、实现发展跃迁。

(2) More Opportunities to Fulfill Potential

Only when the country prospers can its young people prosper. With rapid economic and social development, young people in China in the new era have access to better opportunities for development and a growing stage on which to fulfill their potential.

Equal access to education. Young people in China enjoy more equal and higher-quality educational opportunities as the country continues giving high priority to education. In 2021, the completion rate of compulsory education in China reached 95.4 percent, the gross enrollment rate in senior secondary education reached 91.4 percent, and the gross enrollment rate in higher education reached 57.8 percent, with 44.3 million students on campus, ranking first in the world. More and more young people have stepped onto this important path to success and excellence.

The country has established and been improving the system of financial aid to students, which offers full coverage from preschool to postgraduate education. By 2020, subsidies had totaled over 240 billion yuan and assisted nearly 150 million students, achieving full coverage from preschool education, compulsory education, and senior secondary education to undergraduate and postgraduate education, across public and privately-run schools, and for all students from families with financial difficulties. The right of particular groups to receive compulsory education and their interests have been well protected, including children living in cities with their parents who are migrant workers, and students from rural and poor areas. In 2020, 85.8 percent of children living in cities with migrant worker parents studied in public schools or filled the slots purchased by the government in privately-run schools. From 2012 to 2021, more than 820,000 students from rural and poor areas were enrolled in key universities through special enrollment plans. More young people have thus been granted equal opportunities to receive better education, which prevents poverty from passing down from one generation to the next.

Diverse career options. The career choices of young people in China are increasingly diverse and market-oriented, and made, more often than not, on their own. Young people now look beyond a stable lifelong job in the traditional sense, and non-public economic entities and new social organizations are gradually becoming their main channels for employment. The options of "either workers or farmers" are a thing of the past, and the tertiary industry has become an important gathering place for the young workforce. In 2020, the tertiary industry employed 47.7 percent of those in employment across the country, up 13.1 percentage points from a decade ago. In particular, new and rapidly-rising industries and new business forms have given birth to a large number of new career options, such as esports players, live-streaming hosts, and web writers, and engaged a large number of young people in flexible employment, such as parcel and food couriers. There have emerged what they call "Slash" people with multiple titles, jobs, and ways of working and living. All these have testified to the greater range of opportunities and choices available to young people as times change.

Unimpeded mobility and more development opportunities. As the socialist market economy develops, the vitality of market players increases, and various factors of production flow more easily, young people enjoy more development opportunities and greater mobility. With the extension of the strategy for coordinated regional development, young people in China, who used to flock to economically developed southern and eastern regions of the country, have gradually diversified the target cities where they seek development opportunities and where they can fit in and thrive. Many young people from rural areas settle down and realize dreams in cities through hard work. In 2020, the number of migrant workers reached nearly 170 million and most of them were young people. Young permanent urban residents accounted for 71.1 percent of the total young population in the country, 15.3 percentage points higher than ten years ago and 7.2 percentage points higher than that of the permanent urban residents in the country's total population. More young people are making their homes in the city and leaping forward in development through urbanization.

 

　　（三）享受更全面的保障支持

　　青年的发展离不开国家的坚实保障。在社会公平正义不断彰显、人民发展权益得到有效维护的大背景下，新时代中国青年成长成才有了更良好的法治环境、更有力的政策支持、更可靠的社会保障、更温暖的组织关怀。

　　法治保障不断完善。随着全面依法治国深入推进，中国特色社会主义法治体系日益完善，为青年发展提供了坚实的保障。作为国家根本大法，宪法明确规定“国家培养青年、少年、儿童在品德、智力、体质等方面全面发展”，为建立青年法治保障体系提供了根本遵循。青年发展涉及面广、系统性强，需要各个领域齐抓共管、共同发力。民法典赋予了青年各类民事权益，教育法、义务教育法、职业教育法、高等教育法、民办教育促进法、家庭教育促进法等全面构筑了保障青年受教育权的完备法治环境，就业促进法、劳动法、劳动合同法、社会保险法、科学技术进步法、人口与计划生育法、体育法、妇女权益保障法等充分保障了青年各领域发展权益，刑法、未成年人保护法、预防未成年人犯罪法、反家庭暴力法等共同构建了保护青少年合法权益的法律屏障。

　　政策保障日益完备。针对中国青年多元化发展需求，国家强化政策服务导向，健全完善政策体系。国民经济和社会发展“十三五”和“十四五”规划鲜明体现青年元素，科教兴国、人才强国、创新驱动发展、乡村振兴、健康中国等国家重大战略充分关注青年群体，青年发展得到越来越多的顶层设计支持。2017年4月，中共中央、国务院制定出台新中国历史上第一个国家级青年领域专项规划——《中长期青年发展规划（2016－2025年）》，为新时代中国青年发展提供根本政策指引。针对青年在毕业求职、创新创业、社会融入、婚恋交友、老人赡养、子女教育等方面的操心事、烦心事，党和政府高度重视，各项政策举措持续出台，青年发展型城市建设蓬勃开展，青年优先发展理念日益深入人心。目前，从中央到地方的青年工作机制基本建成，具有中国特色的青年发展政策体系初步形成。青年充分享受政策红利，实实在在感受到关爱就在身边、关怀就在眼前。

　　社会保障更加健全。中国建成世界上规模最大的社会保障体系，普惠型社会保障服务进一步发展。中国青年不仅能在步入社会之初就享受到社会保障的“遮风挡雨”，也能在拼搏奋斗时免除各种“后顾之忧”，生活得更舒心、工作得更安心、对未来更放心。政府出台一系列支持多渠道灵活就业的政策，逐步完善灵活就业社会保障，支持青年从事灵活就业。青年住房保障力度不断增强，更多大城市面向新市民、青年人加大保障性租赁住房供给，缓解青年住房难题。基本养老保险实现全国统筹，失业保险、工伤保险持续向青年职业劳动者扩大覆盖，青年社会保障水平不断迈上新台阶。

　　组织保障坚强有力。组织是青年成长的大熔炉，是青年发展的倍增器。作为中国共产党领导的先进青年的群团组织，中国共产主义青年团始终把维护青年发展权益放在重要位置，着力推动落实青年优先发展理念，充分发挥组织优势，大力调动社会资源，聚焦青年“急难愁盼”突出问题开展政策倡导，千方百计为青年解决具体困难，为广大青年成长发展创造良好环境。作为中国共产党领导下的基本的人民团体之一，中华全国青年联合会始终坚持代表和维护各族各界青年的合法权益，引导青年积极健康地参与社会生活，努力为青年健康成长、奋发成才服务。作为中国共产党领导下的中国高等学校学生会、研究生会和中等学校学生会的联合组织，中华全国学生联合会依法依章程表达和维护青年学生的具体利益，通过开展健康有益、丰富多彩的课外活动和社会服务，努力为青年学生成长发展服务。

(3) More All-round Protection and Support

The development of young people calls for strong protection and support of the state. As fairness and justice in society have steadily improved and people's rights and interests have been effectively safeguarded, young people in China in the new era can grow and prosper in a better legal environment and enjoy stronger policy support, more reliable social security, and greater care from a range of organizations.

Better legal protection. With progress in the rule of law in all respects, the system of the socialist rule of law with Chinese characteristics is steadily improving, providing strong protection for young people to develop. As the fundamental law of the country, China's Constitution clearly stipulates that "the state shall foster the all-round moral, intellectual and physical development of young adults, youths and children", which has laid a basic foundation for a legal framework to protect youth development. The youth development involves a wide range of areas and requires highly systematic, concerted efforts from all sectors. The Civil Code stipulates various civil rights and interests of young people. Laws including the Education Law, Compulsory Education Law, Vocational Education Law, Higher Education Law, Law on the Promotion of Privately-run Schools, and Family Education Promotion Law, among others, have prescribed a sound legal environment to ensure young people their right to education. Laws including the Employment Promotion Law, Labor Law, Labor Contract Law, Social Insurance Law, Law on Scientific and Technological Progress, Law on Population and Family Planning, Law on Physical Culture and Sports, and Law on the Protection of Rights and Interests of Women have effectively safeguarded the rights and interests of young people in various fields. Laws including the Criminal Law, Law on the Protection of Minors, Law on the Prevention of Juvenile Delinquency, and Anti-Domestic Violence Law have helped build a legal shield protecting the legitimate rights and interests of young people.

More considerate policy support. China has made policies and improved its policy system to cater to the diverse needs of young people in the country. Considerations for young people have been clearly embodied in the 13th and 14th Five-year Plans for National Economic and Social Development, and the needs of young people have been given particular attention when putting in place major national strategies, such as the strategy for invigorating China through science and education, the strategy on developing a quality workforce, the innovation-driven development strategy, the rural revitalization strategy, and the Healthy China initiative. Increasing attention and support have been given to young people in top-level design. In April 2017, the CPC Central Committee and the State Council issued the Middle- and Long-term Youth Development Plan (2016-2025), the first national-level plan directed towards young people in the history of the People's Republic of China, providing fundamental policy guidance for young people in China to grow and develop in the new era. The Party and the government have paid close attention to issues of immediate concern to young people in areas including job-hunting after graduation, innovation and entrepreneurship, social integration, dating and marriage, support for the elderly, and children's education. A series of policies and measures have been introduced, and the building of youth-development-friendly cities is in full swing, with the concept of prioritizing young people growing in popularity. Now, a basic mechanism for youth work from the central level to the local level has been generally put in place, and a preliminary policy system for youth development with Chinese characteristics has taken shape. Young people have been benefiting from the policies fully and they feel that they have been taken care of and their important needs are being addressed.

Improved social security services. As China has built the largest social security system in the world and further developed inclusive social security services, young people in China are shielded by social security when they enter the workforce, and free from various worries when pursuing their dreams. They can therefore live a more comfortable life, feel more at ease at work, and have greater confidence about the future. The government has introduced a series of policies to support flexible employment through multiple channels, gradually improved the social security services for those engaged in such employment, and supported young people in taking up flexible jobs. Housing supply for young people has been increased, and more big cities have increased the supply of government-subsidized rental housing for new urban residents and young people, mitigating housing problems for young people. The country is working towards an integrated national scheme for basic old-age insurance, and will continue to expand the coverage of such insurance policies as unemployment insurance and work-related injury insurance to young working population. Young people are better protected by the social security system.

Strong institutional safeguards and support. Organizations help young people grow and develop. As a CPC-led people's organization composed of progressive young people, the CYLC has always prioritized safeguarding the rights and interests of young people, and their development opportunities. It has earnestly advocated the idea of prioritizing youth development, made full use of its organizational strengths and vigorously mobilized social resources to carry out policy advocacy on the pressing difficulties and problems that are of the greatest concern to young people. It has been doing its best to address specific problems by every means possible to create a good environment for young people to grow and develop. As one of the basic people's organizations under the leadership of the CPC, the All-China Youth Federation has always represented and safeguarded the legitimate rights and interests of young people of all ethnic groups and all sectors of society, guided them in their active and healthy participation in public activities, and worked hard to help them healthily grow and prosper. As a federative body of student unions and graduate student unions at universities and colleges and student unions at secondary schools under the leadership of the CPC, the All-China Students' Federation has voiced and safeguarded the specific interests of young students in accordance with the law and the Constitution of the Federation, and organized healthy, positive, and colorful extracurricular and community service activities to help them grow and develop.

　

二、新时代中国青年素质过硬、全面发展

II. All-Round Development in the New Era

 

　　奋斗锤炼本领，磨砺增长才干。新时代中国青年积极主动学理论、学文化、学科学、学技能，思想素养、身体素质、精神品格、综合能力不断提升，努力成长为堪当民族复兴重任的时代新人。

Hard work builds ability, and adversity builds resilience. In the new era, China's youth actively study the theory and practice of science and other knowledge and skills, improving their physical and moral qualities and their all-round ability. They are growing into a new generation that is capable of shouldering the responsibility of national rejuvenation.

 

　　（一）理想信念更为坚定

　　理想指引人生方向，信念决定事业成败。新时代中国青年把树立正确的理想、坚定的信念作为立身之本，努力成长为党、国家和人民所期盼的有志青年。

　　坚信中国道路。中国青年通过历史对比、国际比较、社会观察、亲身实践，深刻领悟党的领导、领袖领航、制度优势、人民力量的关键作用。2020年有关调查显示，绝大多数青年对中国特色社会主义道路由衷认同，对实现中华民族伟大复兴充满信心。用习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想武装起来的中国青年，在展现国家发展成就的一系列生动事例、客观数字、亲身体验中，深切感受到“中国速度”、“中国奇迹”、“中国之治”，做中国人的志气、骨气、底气进一步增强，为实现中华民族伟大复兴中国梦团结奋斗的思想基础更加牢固。

　　坚守价值追求。青年的价值取向决定了未来整个社会的价值取向。中国青年主动“扣好人生第一粒扣子”，从英雄模范和时代楷模中感受道德风范，积极倡导富强、民主、文明、和谐，倡导自由、平等、公正、法治，倡导爱国、敬业、诚信、友善，成为社会主义核心价值观的实践者、推广者。一大批青年优秀人物成为全社会学习的榜样，1500余名中国青年五四奖章获奖者引社会风气之先，各级“优秀共青团员”发挥先锋模范作用，2万余名“向上向善好青年”展现青春正能量。面对社会思潮的交流交融交锋，中国青年有困惑、有迷惘，但有一条主线始终未变，就是对党和国家的赤诚热爱、对崇高价值理念的不懈追求。

　　坚定文化自信。文化是一个民族的精神和灵魂，高度的文化自信是实现民族复兴的重要基础。中国青年不断从中华优秀传统文化、革命文化、社会主义先进文化中汲取养分，特别注重从源远流长的中华文明中获取力量。2020年有关调查显示，超八成受访青年认为“青少年国学热”的原因是“国人开始重视传统文化的内在价值”。从热衷“洋品牌”到“国潮”火爆盛行，从青睐“喇叭裤”到“国服”引领风尚，从追捧“霹雳舞”到“只此青绿”红遍全国，中国青年对中华民族灿烂的文明发自内心地崇拜、从精神深处认同，传承中华文化基因更加自觉，民族自豪感显著增强，推动全社会形成浓厚的文化自信氛围。

(1) Firmer in Ideals and Convictions

Ideals provide direction in life, and convictions determine the success of a cause. In the new era, young Chinese should hold lofty ideals and be firm in their convictions, which are fundamental to their success, and they should strive to become aspiring young people, living up to the expectations of the Party, the country and the people.

Confidence in the Chinese path. Through comparison with the past and the rest of the world, and through social observation and hands-on practice, young Chinese keenly understand the importance of the Party's leadership and leader's guidance, the merits of the socialist system, and the strength of the people. A youth survey conducted in 2020 demonstrated that the majority of China's youth wholeheartedly support socialism with Chinese characteristics, and are full of confidence about the rejuvenation of the Chinese nation.

Under the guidance of Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era, they have learned about China's speed, the China miracle, and the governance of China through vivid examples and objective data showcasing the country's achievements, and through their own personal experience. They become prouder to be a member of the Chinese nation, and are more determined to join forces and achieve the Chinese Dream - the rejuvenation of the Chinese nation.

Commitment to core socialist values. The value orientation of youth will decide the values of the whole of society. Young Chinese learn morals and values from heroes and role models of our times. They proactively uphold and promote core socialist values - prosperity, democracy, civility, harmony, freedom, equality, justice, the rule of law, patriotism, dedication, good faith and amity. A large number of outstanding youth have become role models for others to emulate, including more than 1,500 youth who have been awarded the China Youth May 4th Medal, and Excellent Communist Youth League Members at various levels. More than 20,000 young people have been honored as Positive and Kind Youth for exuding positive youthful energy. Although sometimes confused by exchanges, mingling and clashes of ideas, young Chinese always love the Party and the country sincerely, and continue to pursue their lofty values and ideals.

Stronger cultural confidence. Culture is the soul of a nation, and strong cultural confidence is a vital foundation for realizing national rejuvenation. China's youth draw nutrients from the best of China's traditional culture, revolutionary culture, and advanced socialist culture, and gain strength from the time-honored Chinese civilization.

A youth survey in 2020 showed that more than 80 percent of the respondents believed that the reason for the enthusiasm for Sinology among youth and adolescents is that "Chinese citizens have begun to pay attention to the innate value of traditional culture". Young people have switched from coveting foreign brands to preferring national ones, from wearing Western attire to wearing traditional costumes, and from favoring Western dance styles to traditional Chinese ones. Young Chinese identify more and more with the splendors of Chinese civilization. They are deeply proud of the Chinese nation, and are more active in promoting traditional Chinese culture and boosting cultural confidence across society.

 

　　（二）身心素质向好向强

　　少年强、青年强则中国强，强健的体魄、阳光的心态是青年成长成才的重要前提。新时代中国青年素质过硬，首先就体现在身心素质更好更强，能够经得起风雨、受得住磨砺、扛得住摔打。

　　身体素质持续提升。在校园里，随着体育课时持续增加，更多青年学生既在课堂内“文明其精神”，也在操场上“野蛮其体魄”。超过3700万名农村义务教育学生受惠于政府开展的学生营养改善计划，身体素质得到明显提升。2018年，14岁至19岁青年学生体质达标测试合格率达91.9%，优良率持续上升。在社区中，青年积极参加各种群众性体育运动，跑步、游泳、各项球类运动成为年轻人的运动时尚，体育健身场馆“人头攒动”。北京冬奥会激发了中国青年的冰雪运动热情，18岁至30岁青年成为参与冰雪运动的主力军，参与率达37.3%，为各年龄段最高。在竞技场上，奥运会、亚运会等国际赛事中始终活跃着中国青年争金夺银的身影，青年健儿大力弘扬中华体育精神和女排精神，向全世界诠释了“更快、更高、更强——更团结”的奥林匹克新格言，展示了中国青年强健有力的民族精神。中国青年关注体育、参与体育、享受体育，成为体育强国建设的积极开拓力量。

　　心理素质自信达观。中国青年从身边做起、从小事做起，努力将牢固的理想信念、健康的价值认知、坚定的文化自信转化为良好的社会心态。虽然在就业、教育、住房、婚恋、养老等领域还面临不小压力，但在党和政府的关心关注和全社会的共同支持下，中国青年面对困难不消沉、面对压力愈坚韧，2021年有关调查显示，88.0%的受访青年认为自己可以做“情绪的主人”。对未来发展的信心斗志、对美好生活的向往追求占据着中国青年的主流，自信达观、积极向上是中国青年的鲜明形象。

(2) Better Physical and Mental Health

The key to China's development lies in the younger generations. A strong body and mind are important for the healthy development of young people. Chinese youth in the new era are of the highest caliber. This is first reflected in their sound physical and mental health, which sustain them in trials and tribulations.

Improved physical health. In schools, as the class hours for physical education continue to increase, students study academic courses in class, and engage in physical activities on the playground. More than 37 million rural students receiving compulsory education have benefited from the student nutrition improvement program, and their physical health has markedly improved. In 2018, 92 percent of students aged between 14 and 19 passed the physical fitness test, and the proportion of those rated good or excellent increased substantially.

In communities, young people participate actively in mass sports. Running, swimming and ball games are popular. Sport and fitness venues are crowded. The Beijing Olympic Winter Games have boosted young people's enthusiasm for winter sports in China. Youth aged 18 to 30 are the main force in winter sports, with the participation rate reaching 37.3 percent, the highest among all age groups.

In competitive sports arenas, especially in international events such as the Olympic Games and the Asian Games, Chinese youth have taken golds and silvers inspired by the Chinese Women's Volleyball Team known for its unyielding spirit, living up to the new Olympic motto "Faster, Higher, Stronger - Together". They have manifested the vigorous spirit of the Chinese nation. Chinese youth enjoy, value, and participate in sports, becoming an active force in building a country strong in sports.

Confidence and optimism. Young Chinese begin by doing small things around them, then work hard to turn their firm ideals and convictions, sound values, and strong cultural confidence into a healthy social mindset. Although they are under significant pressure in terms of employment, education, housing, dating and marriage, and often have to take care of elderly family members, yet with care and support from the Party, government and society, they rise up to the challenge.

A 2021 questionnaire on the emotions of China's young people showed that 88 percent of the respondents believed that they were capable of managing their emotions. China's mainstream youth are confident about their future, and dream of and pursue a beautiful life. Confidence, optimism and self-motivation are their salient characteristics.

 

　　（三）知识素养不断提升

　　知识改变命运，教育改变人生。乘着教育事业优先发展的东风，新时代中国青年亲眼见证、亲身经历了教育事业取得的历史性成就，享受了更加公平、更高质量的教育，学习的主动性、自觉性进一步提高，科学文化素养迈上新台阶。

　　受教育水平大幅提升。在科教兴国、人才强国等国家战略支持下，亿万中国青年通过教育获得成长成才的机会，实现创造美好生活、彰显人生价值的愿望。2020年，新增劳动力平均受教育年限达13.8年，比十年前提高1.1年；大学专科以上在职青年占同等文化程度就业总人口比例超过50%，比在职青年占就业总人口比例高约20个百分点。提高学历层次、接受高质量教育，依然是中国青年改变命运、追梦逐梦、实现人生理想的主要方式。

　　热爱学习渐成风尚。越来越多的青年把学习作为一种生活乐趣、一种人生追求，学习提升的社会氛围愈加浓厚。有相当数量的青年在离开校园后选择继续深造、提升学历，2020年成人本专科在校生超过770万人，网络本专科在校生超过840万人。青年在职学习专业技能的热情空前高涨，调查显示，超过50%的社会青年参加过职业技能培训，工作之余“充充电”、“加加油”成为越来越多青年的共同选择。受益于网络媒体迅猛发展，数千万青年通过“慕课”（大型开放式网络课程）等方式选学课程、获取知识。

(3) Stronger Intellectual Foundations

Knowledge can shape one's future and education may change one's life. As China makes headway with its education programs, the younger generations have borne witness to and benefited from the historic progress. They have received a better education on a fairer footing; their enthusiasm for learning keeps growing and their scientific and cultural achievements have flourished.

A much better education. Thanks to the strategy for invigorating China through science and education and the strategy on developing a quality workforce, hundreds of millions of young Chinese have been provided with opportunities to tap their potential and hone their talents through education. This has enabled them to create a better life and realize their value.

Take 2020 for example. The new additions to the workforce that year had an average education of 13.8 years, 1.1 years more than a decade earlier. More than 50 percent of employees with college or higher education were young people while young employees accounted for only 30 percent of the total workforce. Receiving higher and better education is still one of the best ways for young Chinese to shape their future, realize their dreams, and attain their ideals.

Learning is becoming popular. More and more young people take delight in learning and make it part of their everyday life, fostering a positive atmosphere of self-improvement through continuous learning.

A large number of young graduates pursue advanced studies after leaving school. In 2020, the number of adults receiving continuing on-campus education exceeded 7.7 million and more than 8.4 million people received online college education. Enthusiasm for on-the-job training is also very high. Surveys show that more than half of young workers have taken vocational training, choosing to add to their knowledge base after work. Thanks to the fast-growing network media, they have more study choices available: through MOOC (massive open online courses) for instance.

 

　　（四）社会参与积极主动

　　社会是青年成长发展的重要课堂。新时代中国青年以更加自信的态度、更加主动的精神，适应社会、融入社会，参与社会发展进程，展现出积极的社会参与意识和能力，成为正能量的倡导者和践行者。

　　有序参与政治生活。中国青年追求政治进步，积极参与全过程人民民主实践。共产主义远大理想始终激励青年砥砺前行、奋发向上，青年加入中国共产党、中国共产主义青年团的意愿持续高涨。截至2021年6月，35岁及以下党员共2367.9万名，占党员总数的24.9%。中国共产党第十八次全国代表大会以来，每年新发展党员中35岁及以下党员占比均超过80%。截至2021年底，共青团员总数达7371.5万名。青年广泛参与各级人大、政协，积极履职尽责、参政议政，2019年县级人大、政协中青年代表、委员分别占10.9%、13.7%。青年踊跃参与各类民主选举、民主决策、民主管理、民主监督，围绕经济社会发展重大问题建言献策，针对关系青年切身利益的实际问题充分行使民主权利、广泛开展协商、努力形成共识。

　　积极参与社会事务。近年来，越来越多的青年热情参与公益慈善、社区服务、生态保护、文化传播、养老助残等社会事务，不仅在很多有影响力的社会组织中发挥重要作用，还组建了一批以自愿成立、自主管理、自我服务为特征的社会组织。目前，全国有7600多个共青团指导的县级志愿服务、文艺体育类青年社会组织，带动成立青年活动团体15万余个，基本实现县域全覆盖。中国青年充分利用这些社会参与的重要渠道，在依法承接政府职能转移、开展行业自律、满足社会公众多样化服务需求、倡导文明健康生活方式、促进政府与社会沟通等方面发挥建设性作用，展现了强烈的参与意识和社会责任感。

(4) Active Participation in Social Activities

Society offers an important space for young people to learn and practice skills. The younger generations of the new era have actively adapted to and integrated with society with more confidence and kept pace with social progress, displaying an acute sense of participation in society and the skills required, and acting as advocates and creators of positive energy.

Participation in political activities in an orderly manner. The younger generations are actively involved in politics and in China's application of whole-process people's democracy. Inspired by the lofty ideals of communism, they work hard and forge ahead, and an increasing number of them have applied to join the CPC and CYLC organizations.

By June 2021, the CPC had nearly 24 million members under the age of 35, accounting for 25 percent of its total membership. More than 80 percent of the CPC members admitted each year since the Party's 18th National Congress in 2012 were under 35. The number of CYLC members (age range: 14-28) almost reached 74 million at the end of 2021.

A large number of young people have served as deputies to the people's congresses or as members of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference (CPPCC) committees at all levels. Through these organizations they have performed their duties and participated in the deliberation and administration of state affairs. In 2019, young people accounted for 10.9 percent of the deputies to the county-level people's congresses and 13.7 percent of the county-level CPPCC committees. Young people are active participants in democratic elections, decision-making, management and oversight, making suggestions on major issues relating to economic and social development, and exercising their democratic rights and engaging in consultation to reach agreement on issues concerning youth.

Active participation in social programs. In recent years, a growing number of young people have taken part in charity and public-welfare activities, providing services in the communities, protecting the eco-environment, conducting cultural programs, and offering elderly care and assistance to people with disabilities. While playing an important role in influential social organizations, they have also set up self-management and self-service bodies.

At present, there are more than 7,600 county-level organizations of volunteers or artistic and sports organizations for young people, which are operating under the guidance of the CYLC. With these as the driver, more than 150,000 youth organizations have been set up, covering all counties. Through such organizations, young people have played a constructive role in providing many public services on behalf of the government, enforcing industrial discipline, meeting diverse public needs for services, leading socially conscious lifestyles, and promoting communication between the public and the government. All of this displays their strong sense of participation and social responsibility.