2019年6月新闻热词汇总
中国日报网 2019-06-30 10:00
电子收费 ETC
With all expressway lanes capable of offering electronic toll collection (ETC) service by October, more than 90 percent of vehicles on expressways in China should be able to use the ETC system by year-end, the action plan said.
方案提出,2019年10月底前,所有车道均具备ETC服务功能,到今年年底,高速公路不停车快捷收费率达到90%以上。
【单词讲解】
ETC(electronic toll collection),即“电子收费”,在公路收费领域一般被称为“电子不停车快捷收费”。实现ETC收费需要在收费站设置电子识别设备(electronic readers),车辆上要安装应答器(transponders),驾驶员还需要提前在银行办理专门的信用卡作为高速公路通行费的扣款账户(declining-balance account)。
Toll这个词可以直接表示“(道路、桥梁)通行费”,所以,没有必要说toll fee,“收费站”就可以用toll gate、toll booth表示,咱们国家一些法定节假日期间小型车辆高速公路免费通行则可以说Most expressways in the country are going toll free for passenger cars with fewer than seven seats during the holiday period. 此外,在有关灾难事故的新闻报道中见到的toll则表示“(伤亡)人数”,比如death toll(死亡人数)、the toll of dead and injured mounted(伤亡人数增加)。
根据安排,2019年7月1日起,对ETC用户实施不少于5%的车辆通行费基本优惠(granting a discount of no less than 5 percent off expressway tolls for ETC users),各省份对通行本区域的ETC车辆实行无差别基本优惠政策。
2019年10月底前,所有车道均具备ETC服务功能,其中大中城市、新建城镇、旅游景区周边收费站ETC专用车道占比不低于70%(the proportion of ETC lanes should be no less than 70 percent by the end of October for big and medium-sized cities, new towns and sites near scenic spots)。
到今年年底,全国ETC用户数量将突破1.8亿,ETC车道将成为主要收费车道(ETC lanes will become the mainstream),货车实现不停车收费(allow nonstop passage of freight vehicles),所有人工收费车道支持移动支付(mobile payment)等电子收费方式。
自2020年1月1日起,除国务院另有规定外,各类通行费减免等优惠政策均依托ETC系统实现。同时鼓励社会资本参与发行,通过积分(collecting points)、打折(offering discounts)、返利(cash refund)、红包等形式优惠用户通行。
2020年12月底前,基本实现机场、火车站、客运站、港口码头等大型交通场站停车场景ETC服务全覆盖(full coverage of ETC service at airports, railway stations, bus hubs and ports)。推广ETC在居民小区、旅游景区等停车场景的应用。
到2025年,全国ETC用户数量将进一步提升,建成技术先进、制度完善、服务优质、运行稳定的高速公路电子不停车快捷收费体系(establishing an technologically advanced and stable electronic toll system for China's expressways that is well organized and able to provide quality services)。
新能源汽车 new energy vehicle
China has released a guideline to encourage the consumption of new energy vehicles (NEVs) to promote high-quality development of the sector and form a strong domestic market.
我国发布指导方案鼓励新能源汽车销售,促进该行业高质量发展,形成强大的国内市场。
【名词解释】
新能源汽车(new energy vehicles,NEVs)指采用新型动力系统,完全或主要依靠新型能源驱动的汽车,具有能耗低(low energy consumption)、污染物排放少(low pollutant emission)等特点,主要包括插电式混合动力汽车(plug-in hybrid electric vehicle,简称PHEV)、纯电动汽车(battery electric vehicles ,简称BEV)和燃料电池汽车(fuel-cell electric vehicles)。
方案提出,严禁各地出台新的汽车限购规定,坚决破除乘用车消费障碍。各地应大力推动新能源汽车消费使用,不得对新能源汽车实行限行、限购(local governments are strictly prohibited from imposing any limit on the consumption and use of NEVs),已实行的应当取消。
方案还提出鼓励地方对无车家庭购置首辆家用新能源汽车给予支持(support for the purchase of first NEVs of car-free families),鼓励有条件的地方在停车费等方面给予新能源汽车优惠等。
此外,方案也提出了大幅降低新能源汽车成本(lower the cost of NEVs production)、稳步推动智能汽车创新发展(promote innovative development of smart vehicles)、持续提升汽车节能环保性能(increase energy efficiency)等方面的内容。
宠物注射芯片 chipping pets
深圳市城市管理和综合执法局表示,2019年下半年,深圳将开始为全市所有犬只注射芯片。
The microchip is about the size of a grain of rice and inserted underneath the dog's skin right between the shoulder blades, according to Feng Zengjun, deputy director of Shenzhen Urban Administration and Law Enforcement Bureau. "The chip can migrate on the pet's body and poses no harm to the dogs."
深圳市城市管理和综合执法局副局长冯增军介绍,芯片只有米粒那么大,而犬只的皮和肉之间有空隙,芯片注射其中,可以在犬只的身上游走,不会对犬只造成伤害。
【单词讲解】
中文里,不同的名词前面使用不用的量词,在英语里也是一样的。这里提到的“一粒米”用的是a grain of rice,其他常见的食品量词,我们再多补充几个:
a scoop of ice cream 一个冰淇淋球 (注意,不可用ball)
a slice of pizza 一块披萨
a bar of chocolate 一块巧克力
a loaf of bread 一个面包
a cube of sugar 一块方糖
a handful of corn 一把玉米
a crate of bananas 一箱香蕉
a bunch of grapes 一串葡萄
a dash of salt 少量盐
a clove of garlic 一瓣蒜
冯增军表示,犬只注射芯片有不少好处,芯片证明了狗的唯一性,名贵犬只走丢,执法人员发现后,一扫就知道基本信息(the basic information of each dog can be scanned),有助于失主快速寻回犬只。同时,芯片也可督促养狗人尽责(remind owners to better discipline their dogs),犬只肇事后也跑不掉。
Shenzhen will also borrow experience from Hong Kong to establish pet corners across the city for dog lovers to communicate with each other.
深圳还将借鉴香港的经验,开辟宠物角,爱犬人士可以去那里遛狗、交流。
在为养犬人提供便利服务的同时,城管部门也将严格执法,全面规范养犬行为。“所有的犬只带到户外,必须牵绳(all dogs must be walked on leashes in the open air),同时,也会严格查处犬只造成的环境污染,狗大小便需及时清理(dog droppings must be immediately cleaned)。”
安宁疗护 hospice care
China hopes to soon expand an end-of-life care program across the country after a successful pilot program, the National Health Commission said.
国家卫健委表示,在前期试点成功的基础上,我国有望尽快将安宁疗护工作推广到全国。
The pilot program was first launched in five cities and municipal districts, including Haidian District in Beijing, Putuo District in Shanghai and Changchun in the northeastern province of Jilin, in 2017.
安宁疗护试点工作于2017年率先在全国5个市区展开,包括北京市海淀区,上海市普陀区以及吉林省长春市。
【名词解释】
安宁疗护(hospice care/end-of-life care)是旨在为疾病终末期或老年患者在临终前提供身体、心理、精神等方面的照料(attend to the physical, emotional and sometimes spiritual needs of the terminally ill or elderly patients)和人文关怀,控制痛苦和不适症状(focus on palliation of their pain and symptoms),提高生命质量,帮助患者舒适、安祥、有尊严的离世(help them die with more comfort and dignity)。
“健康中国2030(Healthy China 2030)”规划纲要当中明确提出,要构建治疗期住院、康复期护理、稳定期生活照料,以及安宁疗护的综合连续的老年健康服务体系(build a comprehensive and continuous elderly care service system that includes treatment, rehabilitation care,daily life care and hospice care)。
A total of 283,000 patients received end-of-life care across the country in 2018, according to an NHC meeting held on June 3.
国家卫健委在6月3日的一次会议上指出,2018年,我国共有28.3万人接受了安宁疗护。
王海东称,今年即将出台建立完善老年健康服务体系的指导意见,安宁疗护是其中一个重要方面,还要完善一些标准规范,比如说要制定出台安宁疗护进入的指导标准、安宁疗护用药的指导、专家共识(guidelines for end-of-life care services that include access requirements, medication guides and other expertise)等等。
China had about 170 million people aged 65 or above as of the end of 2018, which accounted for nearly 12 percent of its total population.
截止2018年底,我国65岁以上人口约为1.7亿,在总人口中的占比接近12%。
Around 75 percent of China's elderly people suffered from chronic diseases.
我国慢病老年人占老年人口的比例约达到75%。
There are also 40 million disabled and semi-disabled seniors with an urgent demand for long-term care.
此外,我国还有4000万失能及部分失能老人对长期照护服务的要求非常迫切。