2019年6月新闻热词汇总

大熊猫国际形象 global representative of China's giant pandas

A Pu, a cartoon image of a young male panda who loves playing table tennis, has become the official global representative of China's giant pandas.
一只喜欢打乒乓球的年轻雄性卡通大熊猫“阿璞”成为中国大熊猫官方国际形象。

由五洲传播中心与中国大熊猫保护研究中心联合主办的“中国大熊猫国际形象设计全球招募大赛（China Giant Panda Global Image Design Competition）”于今年2月上线启动，收到来自22个国家的2023份优秀作品（ 2,023 works recruited globally from 22 countries）。长着爱心眼圈、身穿红色短袖的卡通熊猫“阿璞”得票最高。

“阿璞”卡通熊猫背后的设计团队来自北京，该团队首席设计师这样解读背后的设计理念：

We gave A Pu the identity of a young male panda who will soon be a freshman in college and loves playing table tennis. A Pu wears a red T-shirt on which an image of his favorite food－bamboo shoot－can be seen. The eyes of A Pu are heart-shaped, suggesting sentiments of love and caring.
我们给“阿璞”设定的身份是一只马上要上大学的年轻雄性熊猫，喜欢打乒乓球。他穿着红色的T恤，上面印着他最爱吃的竹笋。“阿璞”的眼睛是心形的，代表爱与关怀。

The name A Pu is similar to the pronunciation of "up", as the theme of the competition is "UPanda, signifying the vitality of the young generation".
“阿璞”这个名字跟up（向上）的读音接近，而这次大赛的主题是“有熊猫UPanda，代表年轻一代的活力”。

主办方认为，“阿璞”贴合大赛“中国大熊猫，世界新青年（Chinese Giant Panda and world's new generation）”的主题，呈现和代表越来越国际化的中国新青年：朝气、活力、乐观、自信、爱分享的国际风貌（common qualities shared by today's Chinese young people: dynamics, vitality, optimism, self-confidence, spirit of sharing）。

The image of A Pu will be widely promoted as the official icon of China's giant pandas through cooperation with entertainment and sports companies and will be a bridge connecting China with the rest of the world.
“阿璞”将作为中国大熊猫官方形象，通过与娱乐和体育公司的合作进行广泛宣传，成为连接中国与世界的桥梁。

科创板 STAR Market

China inaugurated its Nasdaq-like STAR Market, also known as the sci-tech innovation board, at the Shanghai Stock Exchange on Thursday, kicking off the country's much-anticipated capital market reform.
6月13日，科创板在上海证券交易所开板，拉开了我国期待已久的资本市场改革序幕。

【知识点】

上海证券交易所科创板的英文名为SSE STAR Market，其中SSE代表Shanghai Stock Exchange，而STAR则是从Sci-Tech innovAtion boaRd中各取了一个字母，STAR一词本身有“星星、明星、主演”之意，该缩写寓意着未来科创板如一颗冉冉升起的新星。

股市中的其他各种板包括：主板（mainboard）、中小板（SME board）、创业板（growth enterprise market, GEM）等。

科创板是什么板？

The new market will support tech companies that are in line with the national strategies, make breakthroughs in core technologies and are well accepted by the market to grow stronger, Yi Huiman, chairman of the China Securities Regulatory Commission (CSRC), said at the launching ceremony of the sci-tech innovation board at the Lujiazui Forum in Shanghai.
中国证监会主席易会满13日在陆家嘴论坛上举行的科创板开板仪式上表示，科创板要着力支持符合国家战略、突破关键核心技术、市场认可度高的科技创新企业做优做强、发展壮大。

2018年11月5日，习近平主席在首届中国国际进口博览会开幕式主旨演讲中宣布：

将在上海证券交易所设立科创板并试点注册制，支持上海国际金融中心和科技创新中心建设，不断完善资本市场基础制度。
We will launch a science and technology innovation board at the Shanghai Stock Exchange and experiment with a registration system for listed companies. We will also support Shanghai in cementing its position as an international financial center and a hub of science and innovation, and steadily improve the fundamental institutions of its capital market.

2019年1月30日，中国证监会发布《关于在上海证券交易所设立科创板并试点注册制的实施意见》，意见指出科创板将重点支持新一代信息技术（new generation information technology）、高端装备（advanced equipment）、新材料（new materials）、新能源（new energy）、节能环保（energy conservation and environmental protection）以及生物医药（biomedicine）等高新技术产业和战略性新兴产业（high-tech and strategic emerging sectors）。

意见明确，在科创板试点注册制（registration-based IPO mechanism），合理制定科创板股票发行条件（IPO qualifications）和更加全面深入精准的信息披露规则体系（comprehensive and specific framework of rules for information disclosure）。上交所负责科创板发行上市审核（IPO screening），证监会负责科创板股票发行注册（IPO registration）。证监会将加强对上交所审核工作的监督，并强化新股发行上市事前事中事后全过程监管（end-to-end supervision）。

As of June 10, the Shanghai Stock Exchange had handled 119 applications for IPOs on the sci-tech innovation board. Of all, 41 companies, or 34 percent, are in the field of new-generation information technology, 21 in the advanced equipment industry, 27 in biomedicine and 13 in new materials.
截止6月10日，上交所已经收到了119个科创板上市申请，其中有41家企业（34%）来自新一代信息技术领域，21家来自高端装备行业，27家来自生物制药行业，还有13家来自新材料领域。

易会满说，证监会将会同市场各方，坚持以增量改革带动存量改革，充分发挥科创板的改革试验田作用，形成可复制、可推广的经验，以此带动资本市场全面深化改革（push forward sweeping reforms of the capital market），努力打造一个规范、透明、开放、有活力、有韧性的资本市场（build the capital market into a regulated, transparent and open one full of vigor and resilience）。

垃圾分类 garbage sorting

《上海市生活垃圾管理条例》将于7月1日正式开始实施。该条例在建立健全全程分类体系的同时，分设了促进源头减量和资源化处理专章，将管理范畴延伸到两端，涵盖了全链条。

According to the regulation, people are required to sort household garbage into four categories — dry garbage, wet garbage (kitchen waste), recyclables and hazardous waste — and individuals who fail to do so will be fined up to 200 yuan. For companies and institutions, the fine can go up to 50,000 yuan. In addition, transport operators can refuse to pick up the garbage if it's not properly sorted.
根据条例规定，人们须将家中的垃圾按照干垃圾、湿垃圾（厨余垃圾）、可回收物以及有害垃圾这四个类别放置，如果个人没有将垃圾分类投放最高罚款200元人民币，单位混装混运最高罚款5万元人民币。此外，未经分类的垃圾，收运单位可以拒绝接收。

【单词讲解】

Garbage，rubbish， trash 和 waste 在英语里都有“垃圾、废物”意思，它们的区别在于在哪个说英语的国家更常用。Garbage 是垃圾的美式英语说法；rubbish 是英式英语垃圾的意思；trash 也是美式英语垃圾的意思，但是它也可以用来指不值得尊重的人；waste 是一个正式用语，指没有利用价值的东西，包括废品、垃圾、废物、废料或者指时间、金钱、精力等的浪费。

除了居民个人垃圾分类要求外，条例针对特定对象提出了强制性要求。

According to the regulation, if not requested by guests, hotels should not provide disposable slippers and shower caps, while restaurants and food delivery businesses should not provide disposable cutlery.
条例规定，旅馆不得主动提供拖鞋、浴帽等一次性日用品，餐饮服务提供者和餐饮配送服务提供者不得主动提供一次性餐具。

Government and public institutions are not allowed to use disposable cups in the office and should give priority in purchasing products made from recycled materials.
党政机关、事业单位内部办公场所不得使用一次性杯具，采购时应优先选择由可回收材料制成的产品。

All the courier companies that operate in the city should use digital orders and environment friendly materials for packaging.
上海所有快递企业都应使用电子快递单，使用环保材料包装。

嫌每天给家里垃圾分类很麻烦？据说现在已经有上门代收垃圾服务（garbage pick-up service）了，市民在出门前将打好包的垃圾放在家门口（place their bagged household garbage at doorstep），每天上午定时都会有专人负责拿走，每次服务支付1元人民币的费用。

沪伦通 Shanghai-London Stock Connect

6月17日，中国证监会和英国金融行为监管局发布联合公告，原则批准上海证券交易所和伦敦证券交易所开展沪伦通业务，沪伦通正式启动。

Under the Shanghai-London Stock Connect mechanism, Shanghai-listed companies can list on the London Stock Exchange via Global Depositary Receipts (GDRs) issuance, while British companies can issue China Depositary Receipts (CDRs) on the Shanghai Stock Exchange.
在沪伦通业务机制下，上海的上市公司可以通过全球存托凭证在伦敦证券交易所上市交易，英国的上市公司可以在上海证券交易所挂牌中国存托凭证。

【知识点】

沪伦通（Shanghai-London Stock Connect），即上海证券交易所与伦敦证券交易所互联互通机制（connectivity mechanism between the Shanghai Stock Exchange and the London Stock Exchange），符合条件的两地上市公司可依照对方市场的法律法规发行存托凭证（Depositary Receipt，DR），并在对方市场上市交易。

存托凭证（Depositary Receipt，DR），指在一国证券市场流通的公司通过中间机构(通常为一银行，称为保管银行或受托银行)在外国交易市场发行的有价证券的可转让凭证。存托凭证一般代表公司股票，但有时也代表债券。境外基础证券发行人在中国境内发行的存托凭证叫中国存托凭证（China Depositary Receipts，CDRs），境内企业在境外发行的存托凭证叫全球存托凭证（Global Depositary Receipts，GDRs）。

A quota system has also been established for the cross-border conversion business in the early stages of the program, according to a joint announcement by the CSRC and the Financial Conduct Authority.
中国证监会和英国金融行为监管局的联合公告指出，起步阶段，对沪伦通跨境资金实行总额度管理。

Under the system, the quota for eastbound business is set at 250 billion yuan (about $36.26 billion ), while that for westbound business stands at 300 billion yuan.
其中，东向业务总额度为2500亿元人民币；西向业务总额度为3000亿元人民币。

投资者开通沪伦通权限须满足：前20个交易日证券账户及资金账户内的资产日均不低于人民币300万元。

作为连接中国和英国资本市场的桥梁，沪伦通源起于2015年9月举行的第七次中英经济财金对话（the seventh China-UK Economic and Financial Dialogue）。过去4年间，中英双方都在为这座桥梁早日“通车”积极准备。

The mechanism would be of far-reaching significance to expand channels for cross-border investment and fund-raising, boost the development of both countries' capital markets and encourage the building of Shanghai into an international financial hub, the CSRC said in a statement.
证监会表示，启动沪伦通对拓宽双向跨境投融资渠道，促进中英两国资本市场共同发展，助力上海国际金融中心建设，都将产生重要和深远的影响。

2014年和2016年，我国先后推出沪港通（Shanghai-Hong Kong Stock Connect）和深港通（Shenzhen-Hong Kong Stock Connect），允许沪深和香港的投资者互相到对方市场直接买卖股票。

地震预警 earthquake early warning

据中国地震台网正式测定：6月17日22时55分，四川省宜宾市长宁县（北纬28.34度，东经104.90度）发生6.0级地震，震源深度16千米。

In the provincial capital Chengdu, an early warning system alarmed the public through multiple broadcasting systems about one minute before the earthquake struck. The same system alerted residents in Yibin ten seconds before the quake hit.
省会成都在地震到达前约1分钟的时候通过多个广播渠道向民众发出警示，宜宾地区则在地震到达前10秒发出预警。

地震预警四川省重点实验室主任、成都高新减灾研究所所长王暾说：“地震预警不是预报（earthquake early warning is not an earthquake forecast），而是基于物联网技术（with advanced technology from the Internet of Things），利用电波比地震波快的原理（use the theory that radio waves travel faster than seismic waves），提前几秒到几十秒实现全自动警报。”

Earthquake research has found that being aware of an earthquake three seconds beforehand can save 14 percent of casualties, 10 seconds can save 39 percent of casualties, and 20 seconds can save 63 percent of casualties.
地震研究表明，如果能在地震发生前3秒发出预警，伤亡人数可减少14%；提前10秒，将减少39%伤亡；提前20秒，可减少63%伤亡。

同时，在重要工程如化工、高铁、地铁等领域，可通过系统紧急处置减少经济损失和次生灾害（save economic losses and avoid secondary disasters）。

习金会 Xi-Kim summit

6月20日，中共中央总书记、国家主席习近平在平壤锦绣山迎宾馆同朝鲜劳动党委员长、国务委员会委员长金正恩会谈。

The top leaders of China and the Democratic People's Republic of Korea (DPRK) agreed Thursday that the two countries should stay true to their original aspirations and join hands to create a bright future of inter-party and inter-state relations at a new starting point in history.
双方一致同意，在新的历史起点上，中朝双方愿不忘初心、携手前进，共同开创两党两国关系的美好未来。

By reviewing the development of China-DPRK relations, an insightful conclusion can be drawn that it is the essential attribute of the relationship that both are socialist countries adhering to the leadership of a Communist party, Xi stressed.
习近平强调，回顾中朝关系历程，可以深刻认识到：坚持共产党领导的社会主义国家是中朝关系的本质属性。

Shared ideals, beliefs and goals are the driving force of the relationship, the continuous friendship between and strategic guidance by top leaders are the greatest strength, and the geographical proximity and cultural affinity offer a sturdy bond, he added.
共同的理想信念和奋斗目标是中朝关系的前进动力；最高领导人的友谊传承和战略引领是中朝关系的最大优势；地缘相亲和文缘相通是中朝关系的牢固纽带。

The China-DPRK friendship is a strategic choice made by the two sides with a long-term and overall perspective and will not waver due to changes in the international situation, Xi said, adding that the friendship accords with the aspirations of both peoples, the fundamental interests of both countries and the development trend of the times.
我们坚信，中朝友谊符合两国人民心愿，符合两国根本利益，符合时代发展潮流，也是双方着眼长远大局作出的战略选择，不会因国际风云变幻而动摇。

Noting that China-DPRK ties have now entered a new historical period, Xi said that the CPC and the Chinese government attach great importance to the friendly and cooperative relations between the two countries, and that it is a steadfast policy of the CPC and the Chinese government to maintain, consolidate and develop China-DPRK relations.
习近平表示，当前，中朝关系已经进入新的历史时期。中国党和政府高度重视中朝友好合作关系，维护好、巩固好、发展好中朝关系，始终是中国党和政府坚定不移的方针。

In face of the profound and complex changes on the global and regional landscapes, China and the DPRK should strengthen high-level contact to guide the development of China-DPRK relations, Xi said, adding that he is ready to maintain close exchanges with Kim to consolidate mutual political trust and hold firmly the general direction of bilateral relations.
面对国际和地区形势深刻复杂演变，双方要加强高层交往，为中朝关系发展引领航向。我愿意同金正恩委员长保持密切交往，巩固政治互信，牢牢把握中朝关系发展大方向。

The two sides, Xi said, should deepen strategic communication and exchange views on major issues in an in-depth and timely manner, so as to create a favorable environment for the development of both countries.
双方要加强战略沟通，及时就重大问题深入交换意见，为两国发展营造良好环境。

He also suggested that the two sides expand practical cooperation to bring more benefits to both peoples.
双方要拓展务实合作，为两国人民带来更大福祉。

China, he said, is ready to work with the DPRK to continue to implement the plan for commemorating the 70th anniversary of diplomatic ties, and conduct exchanges and cooperation in such fields as education, health, sports, media and youth as well as at local levels, so as to carry forward the traditional China-DPRK friendship and improve the well-being of both peoples.
中方愿同朝方继续落实好建交70周年纪念活动方案，开展教育、卫生、体育、媒体、青年、地方等领域交流合作，弘扬中朝传统友谊，增进两国人民福祉。

On the Korean Peninsula issue, Xi reaffirmed China's support for efforts to push forward the political settlement process and build up conditions for its resolution.
在朝鲜半岛问题上，习近平重申，中方支持推进半岛问题政治解决进程，为解决问题积累和创造条件。

Xi spoke highly of the DPRK's efforts to safeguard peace and stability on the Korean Peninsula and promote the denuclearization of the peninsula.
习近平积极评价朝方为维护半岛和平稳定、推动半岛无核化作出的努力。

China, Xi said, is willing to provide assistance within its capacity for the DPRK to address its legitimate security and development concerns, strengthen coordination and cooperation with the DPRK as well as other relevant parties, and play a positive and constructive role in achieving denuclearization of the Korean Peninsula and long-term stability in the region.
中方愿为朝方解决自身合理安全和发展关切提供力所能及的帮助，愿同朝方及有关各方加强协调和配合，为实现半岛无核化和地区长治久安发挥积极建设性作用。

For his part, Kim said that over the past year, the DPRK has taken many active measures to avoid tensions and control the situation on the Korean Peninsula, but has not received positive responses from the party concerned, which the DPRK does not want to see.
金正恩表示过去一年多来，朝方为避免局势紧张、管控半岛局势，采取了许多积极举措，但没有得到有关方的积极回应，这是朝方不愿意看到的。

The DPRK is willing to stay patient, and hopes that the relevant party will work with the DPRK to seek solutions that accommodate each other's legitimate concerns and push for results from the dialogue process, Kim said.
朝方愿保持耐心，同时希望有关方同朝方相向而行，探索符合各自合理关切的解决方案，推动半岛问题有关对话进程取得成果。

The DPRK highly appreciates the important role played by China in solving the Korean Peninsula issue, he said, adding that his country is ready to continue to strengthen communication and coordination with China to strive for new progress in the political settlement of the issue and safeguard peace and stability on the peninsula.
朝方高度评价中方在半岛问题解决过程中发挥的重要作用，愿继续同中方加强沟通和协调，努力推动半岛问题政治解决取得新进展，维护半岛和平与稳定。