2019年6月新闻热词汇总

仿制药 generic drugs

The National Health Commission has released a list of suggested generic drugs to treat serious diseases including AIDS and leukemia.
国家卫健委公示了一批仿制药品建议清单，用于治疗艾滋病、白血病等重大疾病。

【名词解释】

仿制药（generic drugs）是指专利药品在专利保护期结束后（after the patents on the original drugs expire），不拥有该专利的药企仿制的替代药品。仿制药与原研药具有相同的活性成分（active ingredient ）、剂型（dosage）、给药途径（route of administration）和治疗作用（intended use），但是仿制药的价格要明显低于原研药。

《关于第一批鼓励仿制药品目录建议清单的公示》指出，清单中的34种药物是由国家卫健委联合科技部、工业和信息化部、国家药监局、知识产权局等部门组织专家对国内专利到期（off patent）和专利即将到期（nearing patent expiration）尚没有提出注册申请、临床供应短缺（竞争不充分，have no generic drug counterpart）以及企业主动申报的药品进行遴选论证后提出。

清单出台背景

2018年4月，国家卫健委、国家发改委等12部门联合发布《关于加快落实仿制药供应保障及使用政策工作方案》。

The plan required the release of the first generic drugs catalogue before the end of June this year to lead pharmaceutical companies' research and development, registration and production, and promote the use of generic drugs.
方案要求，2019年6月底前，发布第一批鼓励仿制的药品目录，引导企业研发、注册和生产，促进仿制药替代使用。

在2018年4月国务院办公厅印发的《关于改革完善仿制药供应保障及使用政策的意见》中明确提出促进仿制药研发的要求。

The document encourages pharmaceutical enterprises to develop generic drugs with definite therapeutic effects that are necessary in clinical application and are in a short supply.
文件鼓励药企研发临床必需、疗效确切、供应短缺的仿制药品。

奥运申办程序变革 Olympic bidding overhaul

The International Olympic Committee outlined plans to overhaul the bidding process for future Games, stating that cities interested in hosting the Games should hold referendums before submitting official tenders to avoid having to withdraw their candidacy at a later date.
国际奥委会公布了奥运会申办规程的改革方案，要求有意申办奥运会的城市在提交正式申请之前应先举行全民公投，以免在成为候选城市之后中途退出。

【单词讲解】

Overhaul这个词可用作动词或名词，表示“翻修；革新；彻底检查”等意思，比如：overhaul the income tax policy/the income tax policy overhaul（个税改革）、overhaul the original plan（改变最初的计划）等。

Withdraw their candidacy就是“放弃候选城市资格”，即“退出申办”，也可以用drop out of bidding来表示。Drop out of通常表示“退出”，比如，“中途退学”就是drop out of school。

过去几年来，不断出现奥运会申办城市中途退出的现象。

For the 2026 Winter Olympics, which this week was awarded to Milan and Cortina D'Ampezzo, four cities pulled out.
本周刚刚公布2026年冬奥会主办城市为米兰和科尔蒂纳丹佩佐，此前已有4个申办城市退出。

It was a similar situation for the 2022 and 2024 Games. Local referendums have also killed off many bids or planned candidacies, including in Switzerland, Germany, Austria and Canada among others.
2022年和2024年奥运会申办城市中也有类似的情况。而在瑞士、德国、奥地利以及加拿大等国，奥运申办意向在提交之前就被当地的全民公投给否决了。

除了要求申办之前获得全民支持以外，国际奥委会此次公布的变革内容还包括：

第一，未来将分别组建“夏季奥运会举办地委员会”和“冬季奥运会举办地委员会”（future host commissions one each for Summer and Winter Games）。

The new panels will be empowered to have “permanent ongoing dialogue” with potential bidders and pro-actively approach preferred hosts. They will recommend one or more candidates for an election.
新的委员会有权与潜在的申办城市以及他们青睐的举办城市保持“长期密切对话”，并推荐一个或多个候选城市。

第二，未来的奥运会不一定非要提前7年确定举办地。

A new, flexible campaign timetable will end the Olympic Charter rule requiring hosts to be voted on seven years in advance of a Summer or Winter Games.
《奥林匹克宪章》中要求夏季或冬季奥运会主办城市需提前7年选定的条款将被新的更加灵活的申办时间表所取代。

其实，这种时间的灵活，在洛杉矶提前11年获得2028年奥运会举办权就体现出来了。

第三，未来的奥运会不再限定在一个城市举办。

Host can also refer to multiple cities, regions and/or countries.
主办城市可以是好几个城市、地区或者国家。

第四，国际奥委会鼓励举办地更多使用现有或临时场馆及设施（use existing or temporary venues and infrastructures）。

个税免征项目 income tax exemptions

China further clarified taxable items among individual earnings, with 11 sources of income exempted from taxation, according to a policy announcement issued by the Ministry of Finance and State Taxation Administration on Tuesday.
6月25日，财政部和国家税务总局发布政策公告，进一步明确了个人收入中的可征税项目，以及11类免于征税的收入来源。

【单词讲解】

Exempt表示“免除、豁免”，可以用作动词、名词、形容词，一般搭配是be exempt(ed) from，比如：Men in college were exempt from military service（大学在校男生免服兵役）；the estate was exempt from taxes（这个房子免税）。

公告中明确免于征收个人所得税的情形包括：

房屋产权所有人将房屋产权无偿赠与配偶、父母、子女、祖父母、外祖父母、孙子女、外孙子女、兄弟姐妹（the owner gives one's property to spouse, parents, children, grandparents, grandchildren, siblings as gift）；

房屋产权所有人将房屋产权无偿赠与对其承担直接抚养或者赡养义务的抚养人或者赡养人（the owner gives one's property to the ones who have been taking care of and supporting him/her as gift）；

房屋产权所有人死亡，依法取得房屋产权的法定继承人、遗嘱继承人或者受遗赠人（property transfer to legitimate heirs upon the owner's death）；

企业在业务宣传、广告等活动中，赠送的具有价格折扣或折让性质的消费券、代金券、抵用券、优惠券（coupons used as discounts）等礼品；

亲戚朋友之间互相赠送的网络红包（online red envelopes among family members and friends）；

保险公司支付给保期内未出险的人寿保险保户的利息（interests paid from unclaimed life insurance policies）；

股民个人从证券公司取得的回扣收入或交易手续费返还收入（transaction fee returns from securities firms）等。

十点共识 ten-point consensus

国家主席习近平27日在大阪会见日本首相安倍晋三。两国领导人一致认为，双方应聚焦共识，管控分歧，共同推动两国关系健康发展。

双方领导人达成十点共识。

Among the consensus, Xi and Abe spoke highly of the sound momentum in the development of China-Japan relations and agreed that as both countries have entered a new era of development, joint efforts are needed to build bilateral relations that meet the requirements of the new era.
一、两国领导人积极评价当前中日关系改善发展的良好势头。双方认为，中日都进入发展的新时代，双方应共同致力于构建契合新时代要求的中日关系。

While the world is undergoing profound changes unseen in a century, the two leaders saw fresh opportunities for developing bilateral relations as mutual interests and common concerns between the two countries are increasing day by day.
当今世界正面临百年未有之大变局。双方认为，双方共同利益和共同关切日益增多，两国关系面临新的发展机遇。

Secondly, the two leaders reiterated that their countries will hold fast to various principles stipulated in the four political documents between China and Japan and implement the political consensus that they are cooperative partners who never pose a threat to each other.
二、两国领导人重申，恪守中日四个政治文件确立的各项原则，践行中日互为合作伙伴、互不构成威胁的政治共识。

The two countries will also uphold the spirit of replacing competition with coordination and continue to push forward the China-Japan relations on the right track.
本着化竞争为协调的精神，推动中日关系沿着正确轨道持续向前发展。

Thirdly, Xi and Abe agreed to maintain close communication, strengthen high-level guidance and keep increasing political mutual trust.
三、两国领导人同意保持密切沟通，加强高层引领，不断增进政治互信。

Abe, on behalf of the Japanese government, invited Xi to pay a state visit to Japan in the spring next year. Xi agreed in principle to the invitation. The two leaders have instructed their respective foreign affairs departments to maintain communication on the timing of the state visit.
安倍首相代表日本政府邀请习近平主席明年春天对日本进行国事访问，习主席原则接受邀请。两国领导人责成双方外交部门就具体时机保持沟通。

Fourthly, the two leaders agreed to further deepen the convergence of interests between their countries and strengthen mutually beneficial cooperation in a wide range of areas such as science and technology innovation, protection of intellectual property rights, trade and investment, finance, medical and health, old-age care, energy saving and environmental protection and tourism.
四、两国领导人同意，进一步深化两国利益交融，加强在科技创新、知识产权保护、经贸投资、财政金融、医疗康养、养老照护、节能环保、旅游观光等广泛领域互利合作。

The Japanese side sees the Belt and Road Initiative as a promising idea for linking diverse regions, while China welcomes Japan to actively take part in the high-quality construction of the Belt and Road.
日方认为“一带一路”倡议是联结多样化地区的富有潜力的构想。中方欢迎日方积极参与高质量共建“一带一路”。

The two sides will continue to strive for solid results in third-party market cooperation.
双方将继续着力推动第三方市场合作取得扎实成果。

China and Japan support their respective enterprises to expand mutual investment and pledge to provide a fair, non-discriminatory, and predictable business environment for the other's enterprises.
双方支持两国企业扩大相互投资，确认为对方企业提供公平、非歧视、可预期的营商环境。

Fifthly, Xi and Abe stressed that China and Japan, both important contributors to the development of the Asian civilization, should inherit and carry forward the achievements of Asian civilization, and advocate equal dialogue and mutual learning among various civilizations.
五、两国领导人强调，中日都是亚洲文明发展的重要贡献者，应传承弘扬亚洲文明成果，倡导不同文明间开展平等对话、交流互鉴。

The two countries should keep strengthening people-to-people exchanges and cooperation based on their profound historical and cultural origins. The two leaders agreed to kickstart within the year a high-level consultation mechanism on people-to-people and cultural exchanges between the two countries.
应以深厚的历史文化渊源为纽带，持续加强人文领域交流合作。两国领导人决定，年内启动中日高级别人文交流磋商机制。

Sixthly, the two leaders agreed to actively carry out friendly non-governmental exchanges between China and Japan, so as to increase mutual understanding and strengthen the people-to-people bond.
六、两国领导人同意，积极开展中日民间友好交流，增进相互理解，促进民心相通。

The two sides should take the opportunity of the ongoing China-Japan Youth Exchange Promotion Year to actively carry out various exchange activities such as study tours.
双方要以今年“中日青少年交流促进年”为契机，积极开展修学旅行等内容丰富、形式多样的互访交流活动。

Seventhly, Xi and Abe reiterated that their countries will adhere to the path of peaceful development and be partners in peaceful development.
七、两国领导人重申，中日将坚持走和平发展道路，共做和平发展的伙伴。

In this respect, China and Japan should strengthen communication and cooperation in security, actively promote the building of constructive bilateral security relations and gradually set up solid strategic reciprocity and mutual trust.
双方应加强安全领域交流与合作，积极推动构建建设性双边安全关系，逐步确立稳固的战略互惠互信。

The two leaders agreed to further strengthen dialogue in diplomacy and security.
两国领导人同意双方进一步加强外交和安全领域对话。

Eighthly, the two leaders agreed to properly handle sensitive issues and manage disputes and differences constructively.
八、两国领导人同意，妥善处理敏感问题，建设性管控矛盾分歧。

The two sides will continue to promote the implementation of the principled consensus on East China Sea issues and make joint efforts to safeguard peace and stability of the East China Sea, so as to turn it into a sea of peace, cooperation and friendship.
双方将继续推动落实东海问题原则共识，共同努力维护东海和平稳定，实现使东海成为和平、合作、友好之海的目标。

Ninthly, the two leaders believe that China and Japan, both important Asian countries and major global economies, should jointly safeguard multilateralism and the free trade system, actively steer regional integration, advance the building of an open world economy, and promote the common development of all countries.
九、两国领导人认为，中日同为亚洲重要国家和世界主要经济体，应共同维护多边主义和自由贸易体制，积极引领区域一体化，推动构建开放型世界经济，促进世界各国共同发展。

The two sides agreed to make the G20 play its important role in promoting the steady development of the world economy and improving the global governance system.
双方同意，发挥二十国集团在促进世界经济稳定发展、推动完善全球治理体系建设中的重要作用。

They also agreed to accelerate negotiations on the China-Japan-South Korea Free Trade Agreement and strive for concluding negotiations on the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership within the year.
加快推动中日韩自贸协定谈判进程，年内力争完成区域全面经济伙伴关系协定谈判。

Tenthly, Xi and Abe believe that China and Japan should actively fulfill their international responsibilities, face various global challenges shoulder by shoulder, and strengthen communication and coordination on such global affairs as development aid, climate change, arms control and disarmament as well as health care, so as to jointly make contributions to world peace, stability and development.
十、两国领导人认为，中日应积极履行国际责任，共同应对各种全球性挑战，着力加强在发展援助、气候变化、军控裁军、卫生保健等国际事务中的沟通与协调，携手为世界和平稳定发展作出积极贡献。

二十国集团峰会 G20 summit

6月28日，中国国家主席习近平在日本大阪出席二十国集团领导人第十四次峰会(the 14th G20 Summit)并发表题为《携手共进，合力打造高质量世界经济》的讲话。以下为讲话要点：

The G20 major economies should embrace development opportunities with greater openness and seek win-win results with better cooperation, so as to guide economic globalization toward the right direction.
作为世界主要经济体，二十国集团要以更大的开放拥抱发展机遇，以更好的合作谋求互利共赢，引导经济全球化朝正确方向发展。

The G20 should focus on shared interests and long-term development, and commit to realizing lasting peace and prosperity for the world and a satisfying life for peoples around the world. The G20 should not make an irreversible "historic mistake" due to temporary shortsightedness.
我们要立足共同利益，着眼长远发展，致力于实现世界持久和平繁荣、各国人民安居乐业，避免因一时短视犯下不可挽回的历史性错误。

The G20 major economies should promote international innovation cooperation, move beyond border limitation and man-made fences, pool global wisdom to tackle common problems, and broadly apply innovation outcomes to benefit more countries and peoples.
我们要提倡国际创新合作，超越疆域局限和人为藩篱，集全球之智，克共性难题，让创新成果得以广泛应用，惠及更多国家和人民。

China will further open up its market, proactively expand imports, continuously improve its business environment for foreign enterprises, and press ahead with various trade agreement negotiations.
中国将进一步开放市场、主动扩大进口、持续改善营商环境、全面实施平等待遇、大力推动经贸谈判。

（中国日报网英语点津 Helen）