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The living environment has become a growing concern for expatriates working in Shanghai and Beijing, although the two cities topped a list of the most attractive Chinese cities for expats, a new study found.

The survey - 2012 Amazing China, conducted between September and December by International Talent, a magazine under the State Administration of Foreign Experts Affairs -gauged views of 175,400 expats working in China about their favorite Chinese cities.

Among those expats, 1,050 were surveyed about their opinions on the policy, administration, and working and living environments of their cities.

Shanghai and Beijing topped the list, followed by Shenzhen, Suzhou, Kunming, Hangzhou, Nanjing, Tianjin, Xiamen and Qingdao.

In Shanghai and Beijing, their living-environment scores were lower than those of other cities, said Zhang Xiao, who was in charge of the survey.

Cities such as Suzhou, Kunming and Hangzhou received comparatively high scores in living environment, and that helped boost their rankings, she said.

Despite topping the chart for three years, Beijing and Shanghai underperformed this time in living environment as foreigners living in these two cities have complained about the worsening air pollution, according to the survey.

The smog-shrouded sky over Beijing is discouraging expats from staying longer and scaring away others who would otherwise love to visit, work, and live in the city, the study showed.

"Recruitment has become difficult as the number of foreigners who are applying for teaching positions in Beijing has decreased by at least half compared with the same time last year," said Yang Sha, general manager with Angelina International Placement Service in Beijing, which specializes in hiring foreigners to teach languages in schools in China.

"Air quality is absolutely the main reason," he said.

All four foreign staff members in Yang's company left Beijing this year because of the smog.

One left for the southern city of Xiamen, Fujian province, and the others went back to their home countries, Yang said.

Elisabeth Anderson, a Swede who works in Beijing, said a Swedish friend of hers just left Beijing because of the air quality.

Anderson said her friend had spent most of her time working in Beijing during her 10-year stay in China.

"She has contracted a lung disease, so she is worried that a longer stay will make the illness worse," she said.

Rhio Zablam, from the Philippines, works at a media firm in Beijing. He married a Chinese woman in 2011, and they had a baby in February.

"My wife and I are worried about the air pollution in Beijing because it might be harmful to the growth of my baby," the 34-year-old said. "Although the smog does not occur every day, I have not yet brought my baby out of the house till now."

Zablam said he plans to buy an air purifier as many of his European friends in Beijing have done.

Zablam said he hopes the government takes concrete measures to clean up the air.

"Our foreign colleagues have concerns about Beijing's air quality when they are asked to make a business trip to the capital," an employee of headhunter Adecco Description's Shanghai office said, speaking on condition of anonymity.

"Shanghai is definitely my favorite Chinese city," said William Hatcher, who has been living and working in the metropolis for about two years, after living in Changsha, Hunan province, for two years. Hatcher said the difference between the two cities is like " night and day ".

Hatcher, a 25-year-old English-language teacher from the United States, said the best part of Shanghai is the variety of food, culture, people and places to go, while the disadvantage is dealing with the bureaucracy when applying for things like visa renewals.

"It's tolerable, but can be frustrating," Hatcher said.

He said he is not worried about the environment problems, adding: "After all, they are not as bad as in Beijing."

But for James Eron, a US citizen and father of two girls, air pollution and food safety have been the biggest worries related to his girls' health. And his solution is having air purifiers in his house and trying to eat organic food and at well-known places.

What appeals most to the 43-year-old entrepreneur, who now owns a cloud computing and server operations company in Shanghai, is the "multiculture" of Shanghai, which has people from different places.

The survey by International Talent magazine also found that among the 1,050 foreign professionals surveyed, 30 percent plan to settle down in China, and most of them are 35years old or older who have families with them in the country. They prefer to live in cities such as Chengdu and Hangzhou, where they can enjoy better living environments.

Expats also expect more simplified visa procedures and easier access to China's green cards, the survey found.

Questions:

1. Which months was the survey conducted:

2. How many expats were surveyed?

3. Who conducted the survey?

Answers:

1. Between September and December

2. 1,050.

3. International Talent Magazine.

（中国日报网英语点津 Helen 编辑）

About the broadcaster:

Lance Crayon is a videographer and editor with China Daily. Since living in Beijing he has worked for China Radio International (CRI) and Global Times. Before moving to China he worked in the film industry in Los Angeles as a talent agent and producer. He has a B.A. in English from the University of Texas at Arlington.