新疆的人口发展（双语全文）

六、关于境外反华势力炒作的几个问题
VI. Falsehoods Fabricated by Anti-China Forces

近年来，境外反华势力大肆炒作“强迫劳动”“强制绝育”“亲子分离”“文化灭绝”“宗教迫害”等谬论，疯狂歪曲抹黑新疆，攻击诋毁中国政府的治疆政策，妄图给中国扣上“种族灭绝”的帽子，妖魔化中国。世人皆知，联合国大会1948年通过的《防止及惩治灭绝种族罪公约》对“种族灭绝”有明确规定，“系指蓄意全部或局部消灭某一民族、人种、种族或宗教团体”。对灭绝种族罪的认定，需要由有管辖权的国际司法机构严格依照相关公约和国际法规定的要件和程序进行。中国政府依法保障新疆维吾尔族等少数民族各项权利的铁的事实与境外反华势力的构陷形成鲜明对照。
In recent years, various anti-China forces have been accusing China of actions such as “forced labor”, “mandatory sterilizations”, “parent-child separation”, “cultural genocide”, and “religious persecution”. They smear Xinjiang, demonize China, and vilify China’s governance of the region with accusations of “genocide”.
The Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide, adopted by the United Nations General Assembly in 1948, provides a clear definition of genocide – acts committed with intent to destroy, in whole or in part, a national, ethnical, racial or religious group. A country can only be convicted of genocide by a competent international judicial institution with proper jurisdiction, in strict accordance with the requirements and procedures stipulated by the relevant conventions and international law.
The Chinese government protects the rights of the Uygurs and all other ethnic minority groups in Xinjiang in accordance with the law. This fact stands in sharp contrast to the fabrications by anti-China forces.

1. 所谓“强迫劳动”
1. “Forced labor”

境外反华势力肆意编造“强迫劳动”谎言，抹黑中国反恐、去极端化工作，打压新疆棉花、番茄、光伏等产业，破坏中国参与全球产业链合作，进而剥夺新疆各族群众的劳动权、发展权，妄图使其处于封闭落后的贫困状态，进而在新疆制造混乱。
Through the lie of “forced labor”, anti-China forces malign China’s actions against terrorism and extremism, suppress the development of industries in Xinjiang such as cotton, tomatoes, and photovoltaic products, and undermine China’s participation in global industrial chain cooperation. Their acts effectively deprive the local people in Xinjiang of their rights to work and development and opportunities to move out of poverty and backwardness, with the intent of stirring up trouble in the region.

事实上，新疆始终坚持以人民为中心的发展思想，高度重视劳动就业和社会保障工作，大力实施积极的就业政策，充分尊重劳动者意愿，依法保障公民劳动权利，积极践行国际劳工和人权标准，落实劳动保障法律法规，维护劳动者合法权益，努力使各族群众都能通过辛勤劳动创造幸福生活、实现自身发展。2014年至2020年，新疆的劳动就业总人数从1135.24万人增加到1356万人，增长19.4%；年均新增城镇就业47万人，其中，南疆地区14.91万人，占31.72%；农村富余劳动力年均实现转移就业281.82万人次，其中，南疆地区173.14万人次，占61.44%。
Xinjiang is committed to the people-centered philosophy of development, attaches great importance to employment and social security, and implements proactive policies on employment. It fully respects the wishes of workers, protects the right to work in accordance with the law, and applies international labor and human rights standards. It implements labor laws and regulations, safeguards the legitimate rights and interests of workers, and strives to enable people of all ethnic groups to create a happy life and achieve their own development through hard work.
From 2014 to 2020, the total employed population in Xinjiang grew from 11.35 million to 13.56 million, up by nearly 20 percent. The urban employed population grew by an annual average of 470,000, of which 149,100, or nearly 32 percent, were in southern Xinjiang. An average of 2.82 million job opportunities were created every year for the surplus rural workforce, of which 1.73 million, or more than 61 percent, were offered to those in southern Xinjiang.

新疆在反恐和去极端化斗争中依法设立的职业技能教育培训中心（以下简称教培中心），与世界上许多国家推行的去极端化中心、社区矫正、转化和脱离项目等，在本质上没有区别。实践证明，这是预防性反恐和去极端化的成功探索，完全符合《联合国全球反恐战略》、联合国《防止暴力极端主义行动计划》等一系列反恐决议的原则和精神。教培中心提升了学员使用国家通用语言文字的能力和就业能力，增强了学员的国家意识、公民意识、法治意识。2019年10月，教培中心学员全部结业。结业学员或自主择业、或自主创业、或在政府帮助下就业，大都实现了稳定就业。
In its fight against terrorism and extremism, Xinjiang has established vocational education and training centers in accordance with the law. There is no essential difference between these institutions and the deradicalization centers and community correction, transformation and disengagement programs in many other countries. There is a substantial body of evidence showing that this is an effective approach to preventive counter-terrorism and deradicalization, and it fully complies with the principles of counter-terrorism resolutions such as the UN Global Counter-Terrorism Strategy and the UN Plan of Action to Prevent Violent Extremism.
The vocational education and training centers in Xinjiang have improved the trainees’ command of standard spoken and written Chinese and increased their employability. These centers have also strengthened their sense of national identity, citizenship, and the rule of law. By October 2019, all trainees had completed their studies. Most of them have found stable employment, either by choosing their own jobs, by starting their own businesses, or with the help of the government.

一直以来，新疆各族劳动者包括教培中心结业学员，都是根据自己的意愿选择职业，并依据《中华人民共和国劳动法》《中华人民共和国劳动合同法》等法律法规，本着平等自愿、协商一致原则，与有关用工单位签订劳动合同，获得相应报酬，不存在任何强迫行为。
Workers of all ethnic groups in Xinjiang, including graduates from the vocational education and training centers, always choose their jobs of their own volition. In line with the principles of equality, free will, and consensus, and in accordance with laws and regulations such as the Labor Law and the Labor Contract Law, they sign labor contracts with employers and receive their salaries. There is no coercion of any kind.

2. 所谓“强制绝育”
2. “Mandatory sterilizations”

境外反华势力采取数据造假、无中生有、妄加揣测、玩弄数字游戏等手段，炮制虚假报告，诬称“新疆对维吾尔族等少数民族采取强制性计划生育政策抑制其出生率”，旨在进行“人口灭绝”。
By means of fabrication, unfounded conjecture, and data fraud, false reports have been concocted by anti-China forces, making accusations that Xinjiang is carrying out “demographic genocide” by forcing birth control on the Uygurs and other ethnic minority groups to suppress their birth rates.

众所周知，中国是一个法治国家，宪法法律明确规定，国家尊重和保障人权，公民有生育的权利，也有依法实行计划生育的义务。中国的计划生育技术服务一直坚持国家指导和个人自愿相结合的原则，公民享有避孕方法的知情选择权。新疆依法实行计划生育，严厉禁止强制节育、强制孕检等行为，各族群众是否采取避孕措施、采取何种方式避孕，均由个人自主自愿决定，任何组织和个人不得干涉。广大妇女享有根据自己身体及家庭情况选择节育的自主权。随着妇女地位的提高和婚育观念的转变，越来越多的妇女倾向于晚婚晚育、少生优生，选择长效避孕措施。一系列数据显示，新中国成立以来维吾尔族人口增长长期保持较高水平，人口规模持续扩大，所谓“抑制出生率”“人口灭绝”完全是无稽之谈。
China is a country under the rule of law. The Constitution and relevant laws stipulate unequivocally that the state shall respect and protect human rights, and that all citizens have reproductive rights and also the obligation to practice family planning. China follows the principles of government guidance and individual choice in providing technical services for family planning, and all citizens enjoy the rights to know about and to choose their own contraceptive methods.
Xinjiang implements its family planning policy in accordance with the law. Forced birth control and pregnancy tests are strictly prohibited. It is up to individuals to decide whether or not to use contraceptives and how to use them. No organization or individual may interfere with this freedom.
Women are entitled to decide on birth control based on their own physical and family conditions. With the improvement in women’s status and changes in views on marriage and childbearing, an increasing number of women are choosing to marry later and have fewer and healthier children. As a result, they are opting for long-term contraceptive methods.
Statistics show that the Uygur population has been growing steadily and significantly over the decades since the PRC was founded in 1949. Therefore, accusations of “suppression of birth rates” and “demographic genocide” are utterly groundless.

3. 所谓“亲子分离”
3. “Parent-child separation”

境外反华势力谎称，新疆“为实施大规模拘禁行动，设置寄宿制学校”，“阻止维吾尔族父母、亲戚或社区成员抚养其子女”，制造“代际分离”，“同化”维吾尔族。
Anti-China forces have created a fabrication that Xinjiang has set up boarding schools to deal with the fallout of its massive internment campaign and seeks to preempt any possibility on the part of Uygur parents, relatives or community members to recover their children, so as to create “intergenerational separation” and “assimilate” the Uygurs.

事实是，《中华人民共和国宪法》《中华人民共和国教育法》明确规定，中华人民共和国公民有受教育的权利和义务。公民不分民族、种族、性别、职业、财产状况、宗教信仰等，依法享有平等的受教育机会。《中华人民共和国义务教育法》也规定，县级人民政府根据需要设置寄宿制学校，保障居住分散的适龄儿童、少年入学接受义务教育。设立寄宿制学校，是中国义务教育阶段的通行做法。2020年全国小学寄宿生1087.8万人，占小学在校生的比例为10.14%；初中寄宿生2301.17万人，占初中在校生的比例为46.83%。新疆地域辽阔，总面积166.49万平方公里，村镇距离较远，一些农牧区的群众居住分散，家长接送孩子上学不便。开展寄宿制教育有利于巩固义务教育普及水平、实现教育均衡发展，有利于集中优质教育资源，保障教学质量，同时大大减轻学生家庭负担。寄宿制学校学生周一至周五在校，周末及节假日在家，有事可随时请假。学生是否寄宿，完全由家庭自愿选择。所谓“亲子分离”，完全是歪曲事实、造谣污蔑。
China’s Constitution stipulates that citizens shall have the right and the obligation to receive education. The Education Law further provides that citizens shall enjoy equal opportunity of education regardless of their ethnicity, race, gender, occupation, property, religious belief, etc. The Compulsory Education Law states that where necessary, the people’s government at the county level may set up boarding schools so as to ensure that the school-age children and adolescents who are dwelling in scattered areas receive compulsory education.
Establishing boarding schools is a standard practice in China’s compulsory education. In 2020, there were nearly 11 million primary school boarders across the country, accounting for about 10 percent of the total number of primary school students, and there were 23 million middle school boarders, or nearly 47 percent of the total number of middle school students.
The vast land of Xinjiang covers a total area of 1,664,900 sq km. Villages and towns are far from each other and residents in some farming and pastoral areas are sparsely distributed, making the daily travel between home and school very difficult for students who live at a distance.
Boarding schools can help consolidate universal access to compulsory education and promote balanced education. They are conducive to concentrating superior education resources and ensuring teaching quality. They can also greatly alleviate the burden on students’ families. Boarders live at school from Monday to Friday and at home on weekends and holidays. They can ask for leave whenever necessary. It is up to students’ families to decide whether to board or not. Claims of “parent-child separation” are a gross distortion of facts.

4. 所谓“文化灭绝”
4. “Cultural genocide”

境外反华势力捏造事实，诬称新疆推广普及国家通用语言文字，旨在“同化”少数民族，消灭少数民族语言文字和文化传统，实施“文化灭绝”。
Anti-China forces claim that Xinjiang’s efforts to promote standard Chinese represent a campaign of “cultural genocide”, and that they are a means of “ethnic assimilation”, designed to eliminate the spoken and written languages and cultural traditions of ethnic minorities.

人所共知，国家通用语言文字是国家主权的象征，学习使用国家通用语言文字是每个公民的权利和义务。不仅中国如此，世界其他国家也是如此。学习和使用国家通用语言文字，有利于促进各民族交往交流交融，推动各民族发展进步。中国政府大力推广和规范使用国家通用语言文字，依法保障各民族使用和发展本民族语言文字的自由。《中华人民共和国教育法》明确规定“民族自治地方以少数民族学生为主的学校及其他教育机构，从实际出发，使用国家通用语言文字和本民族或者当地民族通用的语言文字实施双语教育”。
The standard language of a country is a symbol of its sovereignty. Every citizen has the right and obligation to learn and use the standard language. This is true not only in China but also in the rest of the world. Learning and using the standard language helps different ethnic groups to communicate, develop and progress.
The Chinese government works hard to promote the use of standard Chinese, but it also protects by law the freedom of ethnic groups to use and develop their own spoken and written languages. China’s Education Law prescribes that in ethnic autonomous areas, “schools and other educational institutions dominated by ethnic minority students shall, according to the actual circumstances, use the standard spoken and written Chinese language and the spoken and written languages of their respective ethnicities or the spoken and written language commonly used by the local ethnicities to implement bilingual education”.

新疆依法开展国家通用语言文字教学，同时在中小学开设了维吾尔语、哈萨克语、柯尔克孜语、蒙古语、锡伯语等课程，充分保障了少数民族学生学习本民族语言文字的权利，有效促进了少数民族语言文化的传承发展。少数民族语言文字在教育、司法、行政、社会公共事务等领域得到广泛使用。
While carrying out the teaching of standard Chinese, Xinjiang also provides Uygur, Kazak, Kirgiz, Mongolian, Xibe and other language courses at primary and secondary schools, thereby ensuring the right of ethnic minorities to learn and use their own languages and effectively protecting their languages and cultures. Ethnic minority languages are extensively used in such areas as education, judicature, administration and public affairs.

中国政府高度重视各民族优秀传统文化的传承、保护和发展。新疆加强文物资源保护传承，交河故城、克孜尔石窟等6处文物被列入《世界遗产名录》，楼兰古城等133处文物公布为全国重点文物保护单位，9000余处不可移动文物得到有效保护。新疆积极搜集、保护、抢救了一批各民族古籍，如翻译出版了濒于失传的《福乐智慧》，整理出版了蒙古族史诗《江格尔》等多种民间口头文学作品。依托民族乐器制作技艺，维吾尔族桑皮纸制作技艺、地毯织造技艺、哈萨克毡绣和布绣项目设立了4个国家级非物质文化遗产生产性保护示范基地。“新疆维吾尔木卡姆艺术”“玛纳斯”“维吾尔族麦西热甫”等被列入联合国教科文组织人类非物质文化遗产代表作名录和急需保护的非物质文化遗产名录。新疆坚持尊重差异、包容多样、相互欣赏，充分尊重和保护各种民俗文化，实现多元文化和谐共处。“元宵灯会”“麦西热甫”“阿依特斯”“库姆孜弹唱会”“那达慕大会”“花儿会”等深受各族群众欢迎的民俗活动广泛开展。这一系列事实证明，所谓“文化灭绝”完全是罔顾事实、颠倒黑白。
The Chinese government attaches great importance to protecting and developing the best of its traditional ethnic cultures. Xinjiang continues to strengthen the protection and preservation of cultural relics. Six cultural heritage sites, including the Jiaohe Ancient City Ruins and the Kizil Grottoes, have been in the UNESCO World Heritage List; 133, including the Loulan Ancient City Ruins, have been listed as key cultural heritage sites under state protection; and more than 9,000 other fixed cultural relics are well preserved.
Xinjiang has been active in collecting, preserving and rescuing ancient books of all ethnic groups. It has supported the translation and publishing of Kutadgu Bilig (Wisdom of Fortune and Joy), a Uygur masterpiece on the verge of being lost, and has enabled the publication of works of folk literature, including the Mongolian epic Jangar.
The Uygur Muqam and the Kirgiz epic Manas have been registered on the UNESCO Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity, and the Uygur Meshrep on the UNESCO List of Intangible Cultural Heritage in Need of Urgent Safeguarding. The region has established four state-level demonstration bases for the preservation of intangible cultural heritage items. They produce ethnic musical instruments, Uygur mulberry paper, Uygur carpets, and Kazak embroidery handicrafts.
Xinjiang embraces cultural diversity and inclusiveness, and upholds mutual learning among cultures. The region fully respects and protects folk traditions, thus realizing the harmonious coexistence of different cultures. Folk festivals are widely celebrated, including the Han Lantern Festival, the Uygur Meshrep, the Kazak Aytes, the Kirgiz Kobuz Ballad Singing Fair, the Mongolian Nadam Fair, and the Hui Hua’er Folk Song Festival.
All of this demonstrates clearly that there is no truth in the accusations of “cultural genocide”.

5. 所谓“宗教迫害”
5. “Religious persecution”

境外反华势力污蔑新疆限制宗教自由，监视信教群众的宗教活动，禁止穆斯林封斋，强拆清真寺，迫害宗教人士。
Anti-China forces have spread false accusations that Xinjiang restricts freedom of religion, keeps religious activities under surveillance, prohibits Muslims from fasting, forcibly demolishes mosques, and persecutes religious practitioners.

尊重和保护宗教信仰自由是中国政府一项长期的基本国策。《中华人民共和国宪法》明确规定，“公民有宗教信仰自由”“任何国家机关、社会团体和个人不得强制公民信仰宗教或者不信仰宗教，不得歧视信仰宗教的公民和不信仰宗教的公民”“国家保护正常的宗教活动。任何人不得利用宗教进行破坏社会秩序、损害公民身体健康、妨碍国家教育制度的活动”。
Respect for and protection of freedom of religious belief is a long-term basic national policy of the Chinese government. The Constitution stipulates that citizens shall enjoy freedom of religious belief, and that no state organ, social organization or individual shall coerce citizens to believe in or not to believe in any religion, nor shall they discriminate against citizens who believe in or do not believe in any religion. It also provides that the state shall protect normal religious activities, and that no one shall use religion to engage in activities that disrupt public order, impair the health of citizens or interfere with the state’s education system.

新疆依照国家宪法法律，保护公民宗教信仰自由，保障正常宗教活动有序进行。信教群众依照教义、教规和传统习俗，在宗教场所和自己家进行正常宗教活动，包括礼拜、封斋、过宗教节日等，完全遵从个人意愿，不受干涉和限制。新疆翻译出版了中文、维吾尔文、哈萨克文、柯尔克孜文等多种文字的《古兰经》《布哈里圣训实录精华》等宗教经典书籍，为各族信教群众获得宗教知识提供便利。关心关爱宗教人士，将教职人员纳入社会保障体系，免费为其购买医疗保险、养老保险、大病保险、人身意外伤害保险等，每年进行健康体检。重视伊斯兰教教职人员的培养培训，新疆现有10所伊斯兰教院校，培养了一批较高素质的教职人员，有效保障了伊斯兰教健康有序传承。
In accordance with the Constitution and relevant laws, Xinjiang protects freedom of religious belief and ensures orderly practice of religion. Believers are free to engage in lawful religious activities, including worship, fasting, and observance of religious festivals, in accordance with religious doctrines, canons and traditions, at religious venues or in their homes. They face no inference and restriction in this regard.
Religious classics have been translated and published, including the Koran and Selections from Sahih al-Bukhari, in the Chinese, Uygur, Kazak and Kirgiz languages, so as to facilitate believers’ access to religious information.
The region cares for religious practitioners. It includes clerical personnel in the social security system by providing them with medical, old-age, serious illness, and personal accident insurance, as well as arranging for them to have free annual health checks. It attaches importance to the training of clerical professionals. There are 10 Islamic schools in Xinjiang, which have trained a contingent of high-caliber clerics, effectively ensuring the healthy and orderly development of Islam.

为满足信教群众正常宗教需求，新疆通过修缮、新建、迁建、扩建等措施，积极改善宗教场所条件，优化环境布局。政府还出资对清真寺实施“七进两有”（水、电、路、气、讯、广播电视、文化书屋进清真寺，主麻清真寺有净身设施、有水冲厕所）、“九配备”（配备医药服务、电子显示屏、电脑、电风扇或空调、消防设施、天然气、饮水设备、鞋套或鞋套机、储物柜），极大便利了宗教人士和信教群众。所谓“宗教迫害”，完全是子虚乌有、恶意中伤。
To meet believers’ legitimate religious needs, Xinjiang has been actively improving the conditions of religious venues and their surrounding environments by means of renovation and relocation, expanding existing facilities and building new ones.
Mosques in Xinjiang have been equipped with running water, electricity, natural gas, telecommunications tools, radio and television facilities, libraries, and easy road access. Washing and cleansing facilities have been installed in congregational mosques for Juma prayers. Mosques also have medical services, LED screens, computers, electric fans or air conditioners, fire-fighting equipment, water dispensers, shoe coverings or automatic dispensers of shoe coverings, and lockers. All this provides greater convenience for religious believers. The accusations of “religious persecution” are completely baseless.

由上可见，境外反华势力炒作的所谓新疆“种族灭绝”是彻头彻尾的谎言，是对中国治疆政策和新疆发展成就的污蔑，是对国际法和国际关系基本准则的严重践踏。美国等一些国家的反华势力俨然以“人权卫士”自居，无视自身对印第安人等土著居民犯下种族灭绝罪行的黑暗历史，无视自身存在根深蒂固的种族歧视等系统性问题，无视自身挑起战乱造成他国数以百万计无辜民众伤亡的人权污点，以己度人，贼喊捉贼，充分暴露了其在人权问题上的双重标准和虚伪丑陋的霸权逻辑。
There is a wealth of evidence that the accusations of “genocide” in Xinjiang conjured up by the anti-China forces are devoid of any truth. They are a calumny against China’s Xinjiang policy and the successes achieved in developing the region, and a serious violation of international law and the basic principles of international relations.
Posing as “human rights defenders”, anti-China forces in some countries such as the United States ignore the dark history of their own countries, where real genocide was committed against indigenous peoples such as Native Americans. Along with sundry others, they turn a blind eye to the deep-rooted racial discrimination and other systemic problems in their own countries today, and to the stain on human rights spread by their relentless wars in other countries which claim millions of innocent civilian lives. Their hideous double standards, hypocrisy, and hegemonic mindset recall the infamous quote: “Accuse the other side of that of which you are guilty.”

结束语
Conclusion

新疆的人口发展是中国人口发展的缩影，也是新疆发展进步的写照，是统一的多民族国家促进少数民族人口健康发展的成功范例。
Xinjiang’s demographic development, reflecting the situation across the nation, bears witness to the region’s social progress. It marks the success of a unified multiethnic country in ensuring the healthy population growth of its ethnic minorities.

70余年来，新疆人口快速发展，规模持续扩大，素质不断提升，人均预期寿命稳步提高，新型城镇化、现代化加速推进，各族人民团结和谐，共同进步，幸福生活，充分展现了在中国共产党领导下，新疆繁荣发展的光辉历程。
Over the past 70 years, Xinjiang has seen rapid and steady population growth, improving population quality, higher life expectancy, and faster urbanization and modernization. All the ethnic groups enjoy unity, harmony, common progress, prosperity and happy lives under the leadership of the Communist Party of China (CPC).

真理必将战胜谬误，正义终将战胜邪恶。新疆人口的发展是经济社会发展的必然结果，是工业化、现代化的必然结果，是过去任何一个历史时期无法比拟的，也是任何尊重事实的人士都不会否认的。境外反华势力编造所谓新疆“种族灭绝”的欺世谎言，企图蒙蔽国际社会，误导国际舆论，阻遏中国发展进步，这种用心险恶的图谋注定不会得逞。
Xinjiang’s evolving demographics are a natural result of local economic and social development, and of industrialization and modernization. This success is unparalleled in history, and is apparent to any person who respects facts. Anti-China forces have fabricated stories of “genocide” in Xinjiang to deceive the international community, mislead international public opinion, and impede China’s development and progress. These malicious efforts will not succeed. Truth will prevail over falsehoods.

中国政府坚定不移维护国家主权、安全和发展利益，坚定不移促进各民族共同团结奋斗、共同繁荣发展，坚定不移贯彻新时代党的治疆方略，坚持依法治疆、团结稳疆、文化润疆、富民兴疆、长期建疆，努力建设团结和谐、繁荣富裕、文明进步、安居乐业、生态良好的新时代中国特色社会主义新疆。青山遮不住，毕竟东流去。新疆迈向现代化的进程是任何人任何势力都无法阻挡的，新疆的明天必将更加美好！
The Chinese government will continue to safeguard China’s sovereignty, security, and development interests, and contribute to the common unity, development and prosperity of all ethnic groups. The CPC’s strategy for governance in Xinjiang in the new era will not change:
• governing Xinjiang in accordance with the law,
• maintaining stability through ethnic unity,
• strengthening cultural identity and bonds,
• bringing greater prosperity to the region and its people,
• developing Xinjiang from a long-term perspective.
It will continue to promote unity, harmony and cultural progress and strive for a prosperous and eco-friendly Xinjiang under socialism with Chinese characteristics in the new era, where people live and work in peace and contentment. Xinjiang’s march towards modernization will not be stopped by any force, and its future is bright and secure.