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5月新闻热词汇总

中国日报网 2018-06-01 08:45

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5月,迎来马克思诞辰200周年,习近平主席出席纪念大会并发表重要讲话;习近平主席与金正恩在大连举行会晤;美国总统特朗普宣布美国退出伊朗核协议,宣布6月12日在新加坡与朝鲜领导人会晤,之后又宣布暂不会晤,之后又说要会晤;不管领导人是否会晤,白宫通讯局倒是先出了一款“特金会”纪念币;我国首个地下云图网在四川、云南开建;美国夏威夷大岛火山爆发;我国首艘国产航母进行海试;女乘客遇害,滴滴顺风车进行整改;三场演唱会三个逃犯落网,张学友化身“逃犯克星”;煎饼馃子有了加工专业技术规范;我国宣布自7月1日起,降低汽车整车及零部件进口关税。

5月新闻热词汇总

马克思诞辰两百周年 Karl Marx's 200th birth anniversary

President Xi Jinping, also general secretary of the Communist Party of China Central Committee and chairman of the Central Military Commission, delivered a speech during a conference to mark the 200th anniversary of the birth of Karl Marx in the Great Hall of the People in Beijing on Friday morning.

4日上午,纪念马克思诞辰200周年大会在北京人民大会堂隆重举行。中共中央总书记、国家主席、中央军委主席习近平在大会上发表重要讲话。

With noble ideals and no fear of difficulties and adversities, throughout his lifetime, Marx devoted himself to perseverantly striving for the liberation of humanity, scaling the peak of thoughts in his pursuit of truth, and the unremitting fight to overturn the old world and establish a new one, according to Xi.

习近平说,马克思的一生,是胸怀崇高理想、为人类解放不懈奋斗的一生;马克思的一生,是不畏艰难险阻、为追求真理而勇攀思想高峰的一生;马克思的一生,是为推翻旧世界、建立新世界而不息战斗的一生。

习近平说,马克思主义是科学的理论,创造性地揭示了人类社会发展规律;马克思主义是人民的理论,第一次创立了人民实现自身解放的思想体系;马克思主义是实践的理论,指引着人民改造世界的行动;马克思主义是不断发展的开放的理论,始终站在时代前沿(Marxism is a constantly developing theory and always stands at the forefront of the times)。

习近平说,

学习马克思,就要学习和实践马克思主义关于人类社会发展规律的思想(we should study and practice Marxist thought on the law of the development of human society);

学习马克思,就要学习和实践马克思主义关于坚守人民立场的思想(we should study and practice Marxist thought on upholding the people's position);

学习马克思,就要学习和实践马克思主义关于生产力和生产关系的思想(we should study and practice Marxist thought on productivity and the relations of production);

学习马克思,就要学习和实践马克思主义关于人民民主的思想(we should study and practice Marxist thought on people's democracy);

学习马克思,就要学习和实践马克思主义关于文化建设的思想(we should study and practice Marxist thought on cultural development);

学习马克思,就要学习和实践马克思主义关于社会建设的思想(we should study and practice Marxist thought on social construction);

学习马克思,就要学习和实践马克思主义关于人与自然关系的思想(we should study and practice Marxist ideas on relations between humans and nature);

学习马克思,就要学习和实践马克思主义关于世界历史的思想(we have to study and practice Marxist ideas on world history);

学习马克思,就要学习和实践马克思主义关于马克思主义政党建设的思想(we have to study and practice Marxist ideas on party building)。

火山爆发 volcano eruptions

Consulate General of China in Los Angeles issued an alert message Saturday morning, warning Chinese citizens not to stay in dangerous zones in Hawaii's Big Island, which has been suffering strong volcano eruptions and earthquakes since Thursday.

中国驻洛杉矶总领事馆5日晨发布通告,提醒中国公民避免进入自3日以来受火山喷发和地震影响的高危险区域(大岛)。

据美国地质勘探局地震信息网消息,夏威夷群岛的最大岛屿比格艾兰岛(Big Island“大岛”)当地时间4日中午发生6.9级地震,震中邻近正处于喷发状态的基拉韦火山(the Kilauea Volcano)。当地政府启动应急响应机制,疏散周围居民,火山所在的夏威夷火山国家公园(the Hawaii Volcanoes National Park)已部分关闭。

中国驻洛杉矶总领事馆在通告中提醒中国公民,关注火山活动情况,遵从当地政府部门指引(follow the directions of the local government),避免进入高危险区域。

据夏威夷州当地应急部门通告,对人们健康最大的威胁来自火山喷发后飘落的灰烬和地质活动在地表形成裂缝后排出的有毒气体(toxic gas)。

The Hawaiian Volcanoes Observatory said eight vents, each several hundred meters long, opened in the neighborhood since Thursday. By late Saturday, the fissures had quieted down and were only releasing steam and gas.

夏威夷火山观测站表示,自3日以来,周边共有8个长达数百米的裂缝,到5日下午,裂缝暂时处于平静状态,只释放出一些蒸汽和气体。

Authorities cautioned sulfuric gas pouring out of the vents posed dangers, particularly to elderly and people with respiratory problems.

当地政府警告称,裂缝中释放出的含硫气体会有潜在危害,对老年人以及有呼吸道疾病的人群尤其有害。

地下云图网 underground seismic network for earthquake monitoring

According to the plan, 2,000 monitoring stations will be built in two years in Sichuan and Yunnan, two quake-prone provinces in southwest China, said scientists with the Institute of Care-life, a disaster-reduction lab based in Chengdu, capital of Sichuan.

四川省成都高新减灾研究所的科学家表示,按照规划,我国将用两年时间在四川和云南两个地震多发省份建立2000个监测站。

地下云图网(underground seismic network for earthquake monitoring)是通过在四川、云南建设2000个地下云图监测站(monitoring stations),实时关注与地震发生直接相关的物理量——地下应力和能量(underground stress and energy),从而形成它们的动态演化图。

新建设的川滇地下云图网的主要科学目标是,解决浅源(深度小于20千米)破坏性地震的临震预报(to predict shallow earthquakes whose epicenters are less than 20 kilometers deep)难题。临震预报(imminent earthquake prediction)是指对某地几天以内,在较小范围内可能发生的破坏性地震做出的预报。

按照科研计划,地震预警四川省重点实验室、成都高新减灾研究所将用1至2年建成川滇地下云图网;再用3年时间,运用新建设的地下云图网采集10个左右破坏性地震的案例(monitor the region for three years and expect to collect data on about 10 earthquakes in this period),进行地震预报的内部技术试验等。目前,首个地下云图网监测站和传感设备,已在汶川县映秀地震台部署完成。

伊朗核协议 Iran nuclear deal

US President Donald Trump announced Tuesday he is quitting the Iran nuclear deal, pitting him against the United States' Western allies and leaving the future of Tehran's nuclear ambitions in question.

美国总统特朗普8日宣布将退出伊朗核协议,此举使美国公然与其西方盟友针锋相对,也令伊朗未来的核计划充满不确定性。

【何为伊核协议?】

当地时间2015年7月14日,伊核问题六国、欧盟和伊朗在奥地利维也纳达成伊核问题全面协议。

全称: 联合全面行动计划(Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action)

参与国家:伊朗与国际调停“六方”(俄、美、英、中、法、德)

签署时间:2015年7月14日

签署地点:维也纳

生效时间:2016年1月16日

要点:

1. Iran has agreed to dismantle most of its nuclear program, guaranteeing they would not be able to make a bomb for at least one year, over the course of 10 years.

伊朗同意废除大部分核计划,确保在未来10年当中,伊朗没有能力在一年内制造出核弹。

2. Iran’s 19,000 installed centrifuges will have to be cut to no more than 6,104 for the next 10 years. The 13,000 decommissioned centrifuges will be sent to monitored storage by the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA).

伊朗目前已安装的1.9万台离心机将被缩减至6104台以下。1.3万台拆解的离心机将被移送至由国际原子能机构监控的存放地点。

3. Iran has also agreed to reduce its stockpile of enriched uranium (the material needed to make a bomb) by 98 percent and agreed to halt further enrichment. That material would either be diluted or sold.

伊朗还同意将浓缩铀(制造核弹的材料)的储备减少98%,并中止铀浓缩项目。削减的浓缩铀将被稀释或者出售。

4.The heavy water nuclear reactor in Arak will be redesigned, preventing Iran from producing weapons grade plutonium there. Iran will ship the spent fuel from Arak and over the next 15 years Iran will not build any new heavy water reactors.

位于阿拉克的重水核子反应炉将被重新设计,以防止伊朗生产武器级别的钚。伊朗将运走阿拉克基地内的燃料,在未来15年内都不会再建造任何新的重水反应堆。

5. If Iran breaks its commitments, all sanctions could be quickly snapped back into place, according to the terms of the agreement.

谈判协议规定,如果伊朗不履行承诺,所有的制裁将迅速恢复。

在白宫发表的电视讲话中,特朗普称伊核协议是“已经腐烂了”的协议:

"It is clear to me that we cannot prevent an Iranian nuclear bomb under the decaying and rotten structure of the current agreement."

很显然,在如今这个架子已经腐烂了的协议下,我们根本无法阻止伊朗拥有核武器。

"This was a horrible one-sided deal that should have never, ever been made. It didn't bring calm, it didn't bring peace, and it never will."

这是一个糟糕的单方面获益的协议,从一开始就不该被签订。它过去没有带来平静与和平,将来也永远不可能。

特朗普还表示,美国将重启对伊朗的制裁:

“We will be instituting the highest level of economic sanction. Any nation that helps Iran in its quest for nuclear weapons could also be strongly sanctioned by the United States.”

我们将制定最严厉的经济制裁,任何帮助伊朗寻求核武器的国家也会遭到美国的严厉制裁。

他在签署重新制裁伊朗政权的总统备忘录前说,这一举措是要传达一个重要信息:

“The United States no longer makes empty threats.”

美国不会再只做空洞的威胁。

作为回应,伊朗表示暂时会留在协议框架之内,但是已做好准备,如有必要,重新启动核武器的研究。

伊朗总统鲁哈尼(Hassan Rouhani)说:

"I have ordered the Atomic Energy Organisation of Iran to be ready for action if needed, so that if necessary we can resume our enrichment on an industrial level without any limitations."

我已经命令伊朗原子能组织做好准备,如有必要,不设限制地重新开始我们工业级别的铀浓缩。

联合国秘书长古特雷斯(UN Secretary-General Antonio Guterres)对此表示担忧,他说:

"I am deeply concerned by today's announcement that the United States will be withdrawing from the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPOA) and will begin reinstating US sanctions (against Iran)."

对于美国今天宣布退出《联合全面行动计划》并重启对伊朗制裁的决定,我深表担忧。

"I call on other JCPOA participants to abide fully by their respective commitments under the JCPOA and on all other (UN) member states to support this agreement."

我呼吁其他伊核协议参与方严格遵守各自的承诺,也希望联合国其他成员国支持该协议。

另一方面,特朗普的决定让美国的欧洲盟友们感到手足无措。

英、法、德三国领导人共同发布声明,对特朗普的决定表示“遗憾和担忧”(regret and concern),并宣布他们将继续遵守伊核协议。

不过,伊朗在中东的劲敌以色列就强烈赞同美国的决定。

Trump won strong backing from Saudi Arabia and Israel, whose leader, Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu, hailed him for a “historic move” and “courageous leadership.”

特朗普获得了沙特阿拉伯和以色列的全力支持。以色列总理内塔尼亚胡盛赞特朗普做了一个“历史性的举措”,彰显了“有胆识的领导力”。

【中方表态】

5月9日,外交部例行记者会上有记者就此问题提问:北京时间5月9日凌晨,美总统特朗普宣布美终止参与伊朗核问题全面协议,但伊朗称只要其他各方继续履行协议,伊朗仍将遵守协议。中方对此的立场是什么?

外交部发言人耿爽回答:

中方对美方所做决定表示遗憾。伊朗核问题全面协议是由六国、欧盟和伊朗共同谈判达成的多边协议,并经过安理会第2231号决议核可,所有各方都应当认真执行,维护全面协议的完整性和严肃性。这有利于维护国际核不扩散体系,促进中东地区和平与稳定,对通过政治手段解决热点问题也具有示范意义。

China regrets the decision made by the US side. The JCPOA is a multilateral agreement reached by the P5+1, the European Union and Iran through negotiations and endorsed by the UN Security Council Resolution 2231. All relevant parties should implement the JCPOA in good faith and ensure its integrity and sanctity. This will contribute to upholding the international non-proliferation regime and peace and stability in the Middle East and will play an exemplary role for the political settlement of hot-spot issues.

当前形势下,中方呼吁所有各方本着负责任态度,从长远和大局出发,坚持政治外交解决方向,妥善管控分歧,尽快回到继续执行全面协议的正确轨道上来。中方将本着客观、公正和负责任态度,同各方保持对话协商,继续致力于维护和执行全面协议。

Under the current circumstances, China calls on all relevant parties to assume a responsible attitude, bear in mind the long-term and overall picture, stay committed to the political and diplomatic solution, properly handle differences and come back as soon as possible to the right track of continuing with the implementation of the JCPOA. China will maintain dialogue and consultation with all relevant parties and stay committed to upholding and implementing the JCPOA in an objective, unbiased and responsible attitude.

中日韩+X”模式 "China-Japan-South Korea+X" framework

China, Japan and South Korea are three big economies in the world, and are each other's key partner in trade and economic cooperation, said the Chinese premier, adding that they shoulder great responsibilities for boosting regional development, guiding regional economic integration and safeguarding regional peace and stability.

李克强表示,中日韩作为世界三大经济体,互为重要经贸合作伙伴,对促进地区经济发展、引领区域一体化进程、维护地区和平稳定负有重要责任。

面对当前复杂多变的国际政治经济形势,中日韩加强合作不仅是三国自身发展的需要,也是地区国家和国际社会的共同期待(accord with the expectations of the region and the international community at large)。三方应抓住机遇,扩大利益融合,努力推动地区持久和平与共同繁荣。

第一,积累政治互信,营造良好氛围。

Build up political mutual trust and create a favorable environment.

第二,共同维护自由贸易,推动区域经济一体化。

Safeguard free trade and promote regional economic integration.

第三,打造“中日韩+X”模式,促进地区可持续发展。

Work to explore cooperation within a "China-Japan-South Korea+X" framework to quicken regional development.

应集聚三方优势,通过“中日韩+X”模式,在产能合作(production capacity cooperation)、防灾减灾(disaster prevention and mitigation)、节能环保(energy saving and environmental protection)等领域实施联合项目,带动和促进本地区国家实现更好更快发展。

第四,深化人文交流,夯实民意基础。

Enhance people-to-people exchanges and lay a solid popular foundation.

第五,鼓励技术创新,推进减贫、环保、抗灾等工作,促进全球包容增长。

Encourage technological innovation, carry forward projects in poverty reduction, environmental protection and disaster prevention, and enhance inclusive global growth.

习金会 Xi, Kim meet over peninsula issue

5月7日至8日,中共中央总书记、国家主席习近平同朝鲜劳动党委员长、国务委员会委员长金正恩在大连举行会晤。

习近平同金正恩举行会谈,并为金正恩举行欢迎晚宴,一同散步、出席午宴,在亲切友好的气氛中,两党两国最高领导人就中朝关系及共同关心的重大问题全面深入交换意见。

"After the first meeting between me and Comrade Chairman, both China-DPRK relations and the Korean Peninsula situation have made positive progress. I feel happy about it," he said. Xi said he was willing to meet Kim again to make joint efforts to push the healthy and stable development of China-DPRK relations, realize long-lasting peace and stability on the Korean Peninsula, and promote regional peace, stability and prosperity.

习近平指出,我同委员长同志首次会晤以来,中朝关系和朝鲜半岛形势均取得积极进展,我对此感到高兴,愿同委员长同志再次举行会晤,共同为推动中朝关系健康稳定发展、实现朝鲜半岛长治久安、促进地区和平稳定繁荣作出努力。

习近平强调,今年3月,我同委员长同志在北京实现了历史性首次会晤,进行了长时间深入交流,就发展新时代中朝关系(developing China-DPRK relations in the new era)达成了四方面原则共识。

First, the China-DPRK traditional friendship has been a treasure of both countries. It is an unswerving principle and the only correct choice for both countries to develop the friendly and cooperative China-DPRK relations.

第一,中朝传统友谊是双方共同的宝贵财富,发展好中朝友好合作关系是双方坚定不移的方针,也是唯一正确选择。

Second, both China and the DPRK are socialist countries, and their bilateral relations are of major strategic significance. Both sides need to enhance unity, cooperation, exchanges and mutual learning.

第二,中朝同为社会主义国家,双边关系具有重大战略意义,要加强团结合作、交流互鉴。

Third, high-level exchanges between the two parties play an irreplaceably significant role in guiding bilateral relations, Xi said. The two sides should maintain frequent exchanges, strengthen strategic communication, deepen understanding and mutual trust, and safeguard common interests.

第三,两党高层交往对于引领双边关系具有不可替代的重大作用,双方应保持经常往来,加强战略沟通,增加理解互信,维护共同利益。

Fourth, cementing the people-to-people friendship foundation is an important channel to advance the development of China-DPRK relations, Xi said. The two sides should, by multiple means, enhance people-to-people communication and exchanges to create a sound foundation of popular will for the advancement of China-DPRK relations.

第四,夯实民间友好基础是推进中朝关系发展的重要途径,应通过多种形式,加强两国人民交流往来,为中朝关系发展营造良好民意基础。

在双方共同努力下,各项共识正在得到良好的贯彻落实(all of these consensuses are being well implemented)。一个多月时间内,我同委员长同志两度会晤,保持着密切沟通。我愿同委员长同志一道,继续指导双方有关部门落实好我们达成的共识,推动中朝关系不断向前发展,造福两国和两国人民,为本地区和平稳定作出积极贡献。

谈到朝鲜半岛形势时,习近平指出,我同委员长同志首次会晤时就此深入交换了意见,达成重要共识。近段时间,委员长同志在推动半岛对话缓和方面作出了积极努力(make active efforts to promote dialogue and easing of tension on the peninsula),取得积极成果。中方支持朝方坚持半岛无核化,支持朝美对话协商解决半岛问题,愿继续同有关各方一道,为全面推进半岛问题和平对话解决进程、实现地区长治久安发挥积极作用。

Kim said comrade-like trust and friendship between the elder generations of leaders of the two parties and countries form the close bond and solid foundation for the traditional friendship between the DPRK and China.

金正恩表示,朝中两党两国老一辈领导人同志式的相互信任和情义,是朝中传统友谊的亲密纽带和坚实根基。

我同总书记同志继承这一良好传统,举行卓有成效的历史性会晤,推动朝中关系迎来了前所未有的活跃发展(promote the unprecedentedly vigorous development of the DPRK-China relations)。

It has been the DPRK's consistent and clear stand to achieve denuclearization of the Korean Peninsula, Kim said. As long as relevant parties abolish their hostile policies and remove security threats against the DPRK, there is no need for the DPRK to be a nuclear state and denuclearization can be realized, he said.

他表示,实现朝鲜半岛无核化是朝方始终如一的明确立场。只要有关方面消除对朝敌视政策和安全威胁,朝方没有必要拥核,无核化是可以实现的。

希望通过朝美对话建立互信,有关各方负责任地采取分阶段、同步性的措施(take phased and synchronous measures in a responsible manner),全面推进半岛问题政治解决进程(comprehensively advance the political settlement of the Korean Peninsula issue),最终实现半岛无核化和持久和平。

海试 sea trial

The People's Liberation Army Navy said in a statement the sea trial aims to demonstrate the reliability and capability of the ship's propulsion systems, adding its construction has been proceeding well.

海军在声明中表示,此次海试主要检测验证动力系统等设备的可靠性和稳定性,并称航母建造工作正在稳步推进。

自2017年4月26日下水(undocking)以来,第二艘航母建造工作按照计划稳步推进,完成了系统设备调试(system and equipment debugging)、舾装施工(outfitting)和相关系泊试验(comprehensive mooring trials),具备了出海试验的技术条件。

按照国际通行标准,新航母从下水到交付海军,一般需要几次试验和试航(sea trials),主要有合同试验(contract test)、性能试验(performance test)与特殊性试验(specificity test)。

2012年9月25日,我国首艘航空母舰“辽宁舰”正式交接入列(delivered and commissioned to the People's Liberation Army)。这艘航母(外壳)是1998年从乌克兰购买,经过平台改造(refitting)后,主要用于科研、试验和训练(scientific research, test and training)。

航空母舰001A全部建成之后,中国将成为继美国、俄罗斯、英国、法国、意大利和西班牙之后全球第七个有能力自行建造航母(capable of building domestic aircraft carrier)的国家。

顺风车 "hitch" ride service

Didi Chuxing, a car-hailing service company, said on Wednesday that it will suspend its "hitch" ride service from 10 pm to 6 am as part of its response to the killing of a female passenger. Passengers and drivers will receive safety warnings for orders near 10 pm.

作为对此前女乘客遇害事件的回应,滴滴出行周三表示,将暂停接受22点-6点期间出发的顺风车订单。在临近22点时接受的订单,在出发前会对合乘双方进行安全提示。

在此次整改措施中,滴滴出行表示,顺风车服务下线所有个性化标签和评论功能(remove the features of personalized tags and comments),顺风车平台合乘双方的个人信息和头像改为仅自己可见,外显头像全部为系统默认的虚拟头像(default profile photo)。同时,每次出车前司机都要进行人脸识别(facial recognition)。

顺风车(ride sharing/hitch ride)只是网约车平台提供的众多服务之一,其他还包括专车(tailored taxi service)、快车(fast ride)、出租车(taxi hailing)、单车(bike sharing)、代驾(chauffeuring)、自驾租车(car rental)等。

在保障乘客安全方面,滴滴将把紧急求助(emergency call)功能提升至页面的显著位置,除了原有功能外,乘客还可一键拨打110、120、122及平台安全客服等求助电话。

最后附上一些搭乘网约车、出租车的安全小贴士。大家出行时一定要注意安全!

不乘坐“黑的”

Stay away from illegal taxi

告诉朋友你的搭车信息

Share your trip details with a friend

尽量不要拼车

Avoid car-pooling

尽量不要坐副驾驶

Sit in the backseat

不要透露个人信息

Do not share your personal information

自己在手机上导航

Navigate from your phone

民营自研商用亚轨道火箭 commercial sub-orbital rocket designed and built by a private enterprise

The OS-X suborbital rocket, developed and made by OneSpace Technology. It flew 306 seconds and traveled 273 kilometers through the atmosphere before falling back to the ground, the company said.

OS—X亚轨道火箭由零壹空间航天科技公司研发,飞行时间306秒,飞行距离273公里,在落入地面之前一直在大气层内飞行。

“重庆两江之星”为零壹空间OS-X系列的首型火箭,也是中国首枚民营自研商用亚轨道火箭(China's first commercial sub-orbital rocket designed and built by a private enterprise)。该火箭长度9米,总重7200公斤。

该火箭可灵活配置燃气舵(gas rudder)、空气舵(air rudder)、姿控动力(attitude control)等多种控制机构,并具有很强的控制能力,可以根据用户的需求进行定制化设计,能够满足飞行试验所需的各类复杂飞行弹道。

首飞实现了长时间临近空间有控飞行(a long, controllable flight),获取了大量真实飞行环境数据。值得一提的是,本次飞行试验中,零壹空间开展了国内首次“减阻杆(drag-mitigating pole)”“低成本能源(low-cost energy)”“箭上无线通讯(built-in wireless communications devices)”等创新技术的研究,为简化火箭系统设计、降低研制成本打下了坚实基础。

法律服务网 legal service website

由司法部建设的中国法律服务网20日正式上线,为群众提供高效便捷的公共法律服务。

Citizens can contact lawyers entrusted by the ministry for legal advice and search information about legal aid, mediation and other judicial services at the website "www.12348.gov.cn," according to a ministry press release.

司法部在新闻发布会上表示,群众可以在中国法律服务网(www.12348.gov.cn)上联系司法部委派的律师寻求法律咨询,搜索法律援助、调解及其他司法服务方面的信息。

据介绍,中国法律服务网汇聚全国公共法律服务资源,整合38万多家法律服务机构(legal service agencies)和139万多名法律服务人员数据,提供法律事务咨询(legal advice)、法律服务指引(legal service consultation)、法律法规与案例查询(search information about laws and regulations and cases)、信用信息公开(disclosure of credit information)等服务功能。

中国法律服务网的总体架构为“一张网络,两级平台(two platforms in one network)”,由一张网络覆盖全地域、全业务,纵向由部、省两级平台组成,平台之间通过数据共享交换系统实现联通,横向包括门户网站、“掌上12348”微信公众号、移动客户端。

网站的智能法律咨询系统提供24小时在线自助服务,根据公众输入问题,系统自动生成免费的“法律咨询意见书”,目前已实现婚姻问题(marriage issues)、劳动纠纷(labor disputes)、工伤赔偿(work-related injury compensation)等6类案件类型。

下一步司法部将通过法网建设,进一步融合公共法律服务实体、热线和网络三大平台(further integrate the platforms of public legal service units, hotline and websites),科学配置法律服务资源,全面提升公共法律服务能力和水平(improve capability and quality of public legal service)。

中继卫星 relay satellite

China launched a relay satellite early Monday to set up a communication link between Earth and the planned Chang'e-4 lunar probe that will explore the mysterious far side of Moon, which can not be seen from Earth.

中国于21日凌晨发射中继卫星,将为将来实施的嫦娥四号月球背面软着陆探测任务提供地月间的中继通信。

The satellite, named Queqiao (Magpie Bridge), was carried by a Long March-4C rocket that blasted off at 5:28 a.m. from southwest China's Xichang Satellite Launch Center, according to the China National Space Administration (CNSA).

据中国国家航天局消息,这颗卫星名为鹊桥,由长征四号丙运载火箭于5时28分在西昌卫星发射中心发射升空。

这是世界首颗运行于地月拉格朗日L2点(简称地月L2点)的通信卫星,将为2018年底择机实施的嫦娥四号月球背面软着陆探测任务提供地月间的中继通信。

"The launch is a key step for China to realize its goal of being the first country to send a probe to soft-land on and rove the far side of the Moon," said Zhang Lihua, manager of the relay satellite project.

中国航天科技集团有限公司五院“鹊桥”号中继星项目经理张立华说,“鹊桥的发射是中国成为首个实现探测器月球背面软着陆和巡视勘察的国家的关键一步。”

长征四号丙运载火箭飞行25分钟后,星箭分离,将“鹊桥”直接送入近地点高度200公里,远地点高度40万公里的预定地月转移轨道,卫星太阳翼和中继通信天线相继展开正常。

About 25 minutes after liftoff, the satellite separated from the rocket and entered an Earth-Moon transfer orbit with the perigee at 200 km and the apogee at about 400,000 km. The solar panels and the communication antennas were unfolded.

后续,“鹊桥”将经中途修正、近月制动和月球借力,进入月球至地月L2点的转移轨道,通过3次捕获控制和修正后,最终进入环绕地月L2点的使命轨道,地月L2点是卫星相对于地球和月球基本保持静止的一个空间点。

Queqiao is expected to enter a halo orbit around the second Lagrangian (L2) point of the Earth-Moon system, about 455,000 km from the Earth.

It will be the world's first communication satellite operating in that orbit.

区块链产业链条 industrial chain for the blockchain sector

According to the white paper recently released by the ministry's Information Center, a complete industrial chain for the blockchain sector has emerged in China, ranging from hardware manufacturing, platform and security services, to application services, investment, media and human resources services. As of March, the number of blockchain tech companies in China reached 456.

白皮书称,截至2018年3月底,我国的区块链公司数量达到456家,涉及硬件制造、平台服务、安全服务,到产业技术应用服务,以及行业投融资、媒体、人才服务,区块链产业链条已经形成。

《白皮书》显示,2017年是近几年的区块链创业高峰期(the peak year for blockchain development),由于区块链概念的快速普及,以及技术的逐步成熟,很多创业者涌入这个领域,新成立公司数量达到178家。

从公司的地域分布状况来看,地域分布相对集中,产业集聚效应(industrial agglomeration effect)明显。北京、上海、广东、浙江依然是区块链创业的集中地,区块链企业占比超80%。

什么是区块链?

工信部指导发布的《中国区块链技术和应用发展白皮书2016》这样解释:广义来讲,区块链技术(blockchain technology)是利用块链式数据结构(blockchain data structure)来验证与存储数据、利用分布式节点共识算法(distributed consensus algorithm)来生成和更新数据、利用密码学(cryptography)的方式保证数据传输和访问的安全、利用由自动化脚本代码组成的智能合约来编程和操作数据的一种全新的分布式基础架构与计算范式。

简单地说,区块链就是一种去中心化的分布式账本数据库(decentralized and distributed ledger database)。去中心化,即与传统中心化的方式不同,这里是没有中心,或者说人人都是中心;分布式账本数据库,意味着记载方式不只是将账本数据存储在每个节点,而且每个节点会同步共享复制整个账本的数据(simultaneously share a copy of the ledger)。

区块链技术支撑的交易模式下,买家和卖家可直接交易,无需通过任何中介平台(intermediary platform)。买卖双方交易后,系统通过广播的形式发布交易信息,所有收到信息的主机在确认信息无误后记录下这笔交易,相当于所有的主机都为这次交易做了数据备份。这种数据存储结构具有透明(transparent)、可追踪(traceble)、不可篡改(unalterable)、数据安全(data security)等特点。

“特金会”纪念币 commemorative coin

Members of the White House Communications Agency, which provides a range of communications support to US presidents, created and issued a commemorative coin featuring Trump and Kim's likeness with the words "PEACE TALKS" above them.

白宫通信局成员制作并发布了一款纪念币,印有特朗普和金正恩的头像,上方有“和谈”二字。白宫通信局为美国总统提供通信支持。

纪念币(commemorative coin)的一面是特朗普与金正恩的侧脸,分别以两国国旗为背景;“和谈(peace talk)”两侧是两国国名,the United States of America以及Democratic People's Republic of Korea;两人侧脸头像的外围印有双方领导人的称谓,特朗普为President Donald J. Trump,金正恩为Supreme Leader Kim Jong-Un;另一面是特朗普专机空军一号以及白宫的画面。

不过,这枚纪念币并不是白宫参与定制的。

The coin -- which members of the White House Communications Agency create for every presidential trip abroad -- was not created or approved by the White House nor was it paid for using government funds.

这枚硬币并非白宫定制或批准,制作过程也没有使用政府资金。白宫通信办公室成员会为美国总统的每一次海外之行定制纪念币。

白宫副发言人拉吉·沙赫(White House deputy press secretary Raj Shah)表示:

"Since 2003, White House Communications Agency members have ordered a limited number of commercially designed and manufactured souvenir travel coins for purchase," Shah said. "These coins are designed, manufactured and made by an American coin manufacturer. These souvenir coins are only ordered after a trip has been publicly announced. The White House did not have any input into the design and manufacture of the coin."

自2003年以来,白宫通信局成员就开始订购一定数量的商业定制并生产的纪念旅行硬币,用来出售。这些硬币由一家美国硬币制造商设计并制作。纪念币只会在总统的行程公开以后才开始定制,白宫不会参与硬币设计和生产的任何环节。

逃犯克星 fugitive trapper

On Sunday (May 20), police captured a fugitive at a concert by Jacky Cheung, held in Jiaxing, a city in eastern Zhejiang province. It was the third time in two months that facial recognition technology led to the arrest of a wanted person at one of Cheung’s concerts.

5月20日,警方在张学友嘉兴演唱会上抓到一名逃犯。这已经是警方在两个月内第三次在张学友演唱会上利用面部识别技术抓到逃犯。

4月7日晚,张学友南昌演唱会,警方通过安保人像识别功能,在看台抓住了一名因涉嫌经济案件被警方列为网上追逃对象的逃犯敖某。

The 31-year-old man detained, who is wanted for unspecified economic crimes, was said to be in shock when police took him away.

这名逃犯31岁,涉嫌经济犯罪,据说在被警方带走时很惊讶。

The man, who was only identified by his family name Ao, was quoted as saying he felt safe among such a huge crowd and would never have gone to the concert if he knew the police were capable of identifying him.

敖某说,在这么多人当中觉得很安全,并表示如果知道警方能认出自己绝对不会去演唱会。

5月5日晚,张学友赣州演唱会,警方在安检过程中,利用高科技手段现场抓获网逃1名。

Local police say the man was captured while passing through a security check to enter the venue. After facial-recognition cameras identified the man’s face from a database of suspects, officers at the concert made the arrest.

当地警方表示,该男子是在入口安检时被抓获的。面部识别监控设备比对网上追逃人员数据库后确定了该男子的身份,警方现场将其逮捕。

那么问题来了,张学友的这个外号“逃犯克星”用英语该怎么表达呢?

英国《每日邮报》用的是fugitive trapper

'King of Pop' is hailed as 'fugitive trapper' in China after police nab three wanted men in two months at his concerts

两个月内,演唱会送警方三逃犯,“歌神”被称“逃犯克星”

Fugitive我们都知道是“逃犯”的意思,而trapper的本意是“设陷阱诱捕动物的人(a person who traps animals, especially for their fur)”。从字面意思来理解的话,这里用trapper似乎表示张学友的演唱会本身就是为诱捕逃犯而设的一个局,似乎略有不妥。不过转念一想,演唱会本身虽然不是局,但警方利用演唱会这个机会,通过面部识别系统比对现场人员,本身就是为了识别有记录在案的违法犯罪分子,这样看来,用trapper倒也合适。

Quartz网站则用了The Nemesis of Fugitives

Cheung is known as the “God of Songs,” and one of Hong Kong’s “Four Heavenly Kings,” the singer-actors who rocked the pop culture world in Asia in the 1990s. Now his unwitting involvement with a string of captures has won him a new nickname on China’s internet: “The Nemesis of Fugitives.”

张学友被称为“歌神”,在上世纪90年代红遍亚洲流行文化圈,是香港“四大天王”之一。如今,他的无心之举导致逃犯落网,中国的网友们又送了他一个外号“逃犯克星”。

Nemesis简单来说就是“报应、惩罚”,发音是 [ˈnɛmɪsɪs],如果A is the nemesis of B,意思就是“A是对B的报应/惩罚”,即 a situation, event, or person which causes them to be seriously harmed, especially as a punishment(A是能让B受到严厉惩罚的情形、事件或人)。这个解释有点命中注定的意思,不是事先安排的,但是,逃犯来张学友的演唱会,就会被警察抓到,的确有点“克星”的意味。

新闻网站asiaone直接用大白话natural enemy of fugitives

With the arrests, Cheung was dubbed by Chinese netizens as "natural enemy of fugitives", with the arrest scenarios at concerts setting off memes circulating on the internet.

因为这几起逃犯落网事件,张学友被中国网友戏称为“逃犯克星”,网络上流传着关于逃犯落网场景的各种恶搞。

Natural enemy,顾名思义就是“天敌”,天生就是跟你对着干的。人家虽然是知名歌手,但天生就有吸引逃犯到现场看演唱会的魅力,加上警方的高科技手段,逃犯落网也就不可避免了。

如果喜欢用中文词来搜索英文解释的话,有人可能会发现buster这个词。

没错,buster也有“克星”的意思,即 a person (or thing) that breaks up or overpowers something(能够力克某事的人或事),比如,This detective is a crime-buster.(这位警探是犯罪克星。)不过,这里的“克星”强调的是专门的目的性,也就是说,这个人专职做这件事,而且很擅长。张学友并不是专门抓逃犯的歌手,称他为fugitive-buster自然有点不合适。不过,如果我们说the facial recognition technology is a fugitive-buster,应该没人会反对吧?

汽车进口关税 automobile import tariffs

China will slash import tariffs for automobiles and vehicle components starting July 1 as part of its efforts to further open up the world's largest car market, the Ministry of Finance said on Tuesday.

财政部22日表示,自7月1日起,我国将降低汽车整车及零部件进口关税,这是我国作为世界最大汽车市场进一步开放的部分举措。

汽车进口关税(automobile import tariffs)主要由关税(tariff)、消费税(consumption tax)、增值税(value-added tax)三部分构成。其中消费税是根据进口汽车排气量(imported automobiles' exhaust)而定的,排气量越大的汽车消费税越高。相对于原本高昂的价格,降低关税可以有效减少进口车一部分的价格。据财政部网站消息称,目前税率为20-25%的汽车整车税率(automobile tariffs)将降至15%;目前税率为8%-25%的汽车零部件税率将降至6%。

中国汽车流通协会有形市场分会常务副理事长苏晖表示,此次下调关税对豪华车市场(luxury car market)的影响最大,而对中端车和经济型轿车(intermediate and economy cars)影响相对较小。由于高档车(premium car)本身价格就很高昂,如果下调10%对价格成本的影响就会很大。行业分析人士称,下调汽车及零部件进口关税将降低进口汽车售价(make imported vehicles less expensive),利好国内广大消费者(benefit the vast number of consumers in China)并鼓励行业竞争(encourage competition in the industry)。

煎饼馃子 Chinese savoury crepe

近日,天津市餐饮行业协会批准了《天津市地方传统名吃 制作加工技术规范 天津煎饼馃子》。这一规范从5月26日起实施。

煎饼馃子有了技术规范 薄饼直径不小于38cm

这份标准规定了天津煎饼馃子的术语与定义、原、辅料要求、制作场所及设备要求、加工过程卫生及人员要求、制作工艺要求、标识、包装、运输与贮存等内容。

我们来看看这份标准都做了哪些规定:

煎饼馃子有了技术规范 薄饼直径不小于38cm

❶ 天津煎饼馃子的原料(ingredients)是绿豆面(green bean flour)、小米面(millet flour)、鸡蛋、面粉等;

❷ 辅料(dressings)包括面酱、葱末(chopped scallions)、辣酱(chili sauce)、腐乳(酱豆腐)、芝麻;

❸ 馃子又称油条(deep-fried dough sticks);馃箅(bì)儿是油炸面制食品,薄、脆,形状方形;

❹ 刷子摊成的薄饼直径应在38~45cm;

❺ 成品建议两小时内食用(to be consumed within 2 hours)。

煎饼馃子分会秘书长宋冠鸣在接受中国日报采访时表示:

"Our move has triggered debates over whether it is meaningful to unify the cooking standards of the food," Song said.

宋冠鸣说,“我们的这一举措引发了大量讨论,网友质疑是否有必要为煎饼制定统一的制作标准。”

The renowned Chinese snack jianbing guozi, deep-fried dough sticks rolled in a thin pancake(also known as Chinese savoury crepe), has a history of 600 years in Tianjin and has become a favorite gourmet flavor worldwide, Song said.

宋冠鸣介绍称,煎饼馃子作为中国知名小吃在天津有600年的历史,而且已经成为世界各地都喜爱的一种美食。

煎饼馃子有了技术规范 薄饼直径不小于38cm

"However, it's not our aim to make it standard like KFC fast food. We just aim to better regulate the cooking process, techniques and health safety for the time-honored Tianjin style in its hometown."

“但我们的目的并不是把煎饼做成肯德基这样的标准化快餐。我们只是希望更好地规范这一历史悠久的天津名吃的加工过程、制作工艺和食品卫生。”

宋冠鸣称,制定团体标准的初衷,是为了让天津煎饼馃子在传统化、统一化、标准化的道路上走得更远。

The association indicated that it doesn't mean to regulate the proportions of the ingredients, the taste of the sauce or make every stand selling it provide the same flavor.

煎饼馃子分会表示,他们不会限定作料的用量和面酱的味道,也不会要求每个煎饼摊做出同一个口味的煎饼。

However, it is dedicated to protecting the techniques of the most traditional jianbing guozi.

但协会将致力于保护传统煎饼制作工艺。

中华文明探源工程 the project aimed at tracing the origins of Chinese civilization

The project aimed at tracing the origins of Chinese civilization released its archaeological research results on Monday. According to its findings, Chinese civilization can be traced back more than 5,000 years based on the large-scale archaeological research in many domestic ruins.

中华文明探源工程28日发布考古研究成果,在国内多个遗址进行的大规模考古研究证实,中华文明可以追溯到5000多年以前。

中国国家文物局副局长关强介绍,探源工程是以考古调查发掘(archaeological research)为获取相关资料的主要手段,以现代科学技术为支撑,采取多学科交叉研究(multidisciplinary scientific research)的方式,揭示中华民族5000年文明起源与早期发展的重大科研项目。该工程由中国社科院考古研究所(the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences' Institute of Archaeology)、北京大学考古文博学院(Peking University's School of Archaeology and Museology)牵头,联合近70家科研院所、高等院校和地方考古研究机构共同参与。

多年来,探源工程专家聚焦良渚、陶寺、石峁、二里头等都邑性遗址(capital city-level sites),以田野考古(field archaeology)工作为中心,为实证5000年中华文明提供重要证据。

经过多年研究,专家们对中华文明起源和早期发展的过程进行了梗概式描述。

Signs of civilization emerged around 5,800 years ago in areas of the Yellow River, the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, and the West Liao River in Northeast China

距今5800年前后,黄河、长江中下游以及西辽河等区域出现了文明起源迹象;

Around 5,300 years ago, some regions along the Yangtze River, the Yellow River and the western bank of Liaohe River (in Northeast China) stepped into the age of civilization.

距今5300年以来,长江、黄河以及辽河西岸部分地区陆续进入了文明阶段;

A more mature civilization took shape in central China around 3,800 years ago and spread cultural influence around, becoming the focus and leader in formation of the Chinese civilization.

距今3800年前后,中原地区形成了更为成熟的文明形态,并向四方辐射文化影响力,成为中华文明总进程的核心与引领者。

(中国日报网英语点津 马文英)

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