党的十九大报告（双语全文）

九、加快生态文明体制改革，建设美丽中国

IX. Speeding up Reform of the System for Developing an Ecological Civilization, and Building a Beautiful China

人与自然是生命共同体，人类必须尊重自然、顺应自然、保护自然。人类只有遵循自然规律才能有效防止在开发利用自然上走弯路，人类对大自然的伤害最终会伤及人类自身，这是无法抗拒的规律。

Man and nature form a community of life; we, as human beings, must respect nature, follow its ways, and protect it. Only by observing the laws of nature can mankind avoid costly blunders in its exploitation. Any harm we inflict on nature will eventually return to haunt us. This is a reality we have to face.

我们要建设的现代化是人与自然和谐共生的现代化，既要创造更多物质财富和精神财富以满足人民日益增长的美好生活需要，也要提供更多优质生态产品以满足人民日益增长的优美生态环境需要。必须坚持节约优先、保护优先、自然恢复为主的方针，形成节约资源和保护环境的空间格局、产业结构、生产方式、生活方式，还自然以宁静、和谐、美丽。

The modernization that we pursue is one characterized by harmonious coexistence between man and nature. In addition to creating more material and cultural wealth to meet people’s ever-increasing needs for a better life, we need also to provide more quality ecological goods to meet people’s ever-growing demands for a beautiful environment. We should, acting on the principles of prioritizing resource conservation and environmental protection and letting nature restore itself, develop spatial layouts, industrial structures, and ways of work and life that help conserve resources and protect the environment. With this, we can restore the serenity, harmony, and beauty of nature.

（一）推进绿色发展。加快建立绿色生产和消费的法律制度和政策导向，建立健全绿色低碳循环发展的经济体系。构建市场导向的绿色技术创新体系，发展绿色金融，壮大节能环保产业、清洁生产产业、清洁能源产业。推进能源生产和消费革命，构建清洁低碳、安全高效的能源体系。推进资源全面节约和循环利用，实施国家节水行动，降低能耗、物耗，实现生产系统和生活系统循环链接。倡导简约适度、绿色低碳的生活方式，反对奢侈浪费和不合理消费，开展创建节约型机关、绿色家庭、绿色学校、绿色社区和绿色出行等行动。

1. Promoting green development

We will step up efforts to establish a legal and policy framework that promotes green production and consumption, and promote a sound economic structure that facilitates green, low-carbon, and circular development. We will create a market-based system for green technology innovation, develop green finance, and spur the development of energy-saving and environmental protection industries as well as clean production and clean energy industries. We will promote a revolution in energy production and consumption, and build an energy sector that is clean, low-carbon, safe, and efficient. We will encourage conservation across the board and promote recycling, take action to get everyone conserving water, cut consumption of energy and materials, and establish linkages between the circular use of resources and materials in industrial production and in everyday life. We encourage simple, moderate, green, and low-carbon ways of life, and oppose extravagance and excessive consumption. We will launch initiatives to make Party and government offices do better when it comes to conservation, and develop eco-friendly families, schools, communities, and transport services.

（二）着力解决突出环境问题。坚持全民共治、源头防治，持续实施大气污染防治行动，打赢蓝天保卫战。加快水污染防治，实施流域环境和近岸海域综合治理。强化土壤污染管控和修复，加强农业面源污染防治，开展农村人居环境整治行动。加强固体废弃物和垃圾处置。提高污染排放标准，强化排污者责任，健全环保信用评价、信息强制性披露、严惩重罚等制度。构建政府为主导、企业为主体、社会组织和公众共同参与的环境治理体系。积极参与全球环境治理，落实减排承诺。

2. Solving prominent environmental problems

We will get everyone involved in improving the environment and address environmental issues at the root. We will continue our campaign to prevent and control air pollution to make our skies blue again. We will speed up prevention and control of water pollution, and take comprehensive measures to improve river basins and offshore areas. We will strengthen the control of soil pollution and the restoration of polluted soil, intensify the prevention and control of agricultural pollution from non-point sources, and take measures to improve rural living environments. We will improve the treatment of solid waste and garbage. We will enforce stricter pollutants discharge standards and see to it that polluters are held accountable. We will improve our systems for credibility assessment based on environmental protection performance, for mandatory release of environmental information, and for imposing severe punishment for environmental violations. We will establish an environmental governance system in which government takes the lead, enterprises assume main responsibility, and social organizations and the public also participate. We will get actively involved in global environmental governance and fulfill our commitments on emissions reduction.

（三）加大生态系统保护力度。实施重要生态系统保护和修复重大工程，优化生态安全屏障体系，构建生态廊道和生物多样性保护网络，提升生态系统质量和稳定性。完成生态保护红线、永久基本农田、城镇开发边界三条控制线划定工作。开展国土绿化行动，推进荒漠化、石漠化、水土流失综合治理，强化湿地保护和恢复，加强地质灾害防治。完善天然林保护制度，扩大退耕还林还草。严格保护耕地，扩大轮作休耕试点，健全耕地草原森林河流湖泊休养生息制度，建立市场化、多元化生态补偿机制。

3. Intensifying the protection of ecosystems

We will carry out major projects to protect and restore key ecosystems, improve the system of shields for ecological security, and develop ecological corridors and biodiversity protection networks, so as to strengthen the quality and stability of our ecosystems. We will complete work on drawing redlines for protecting the ecosystems, designating permanent basic cropland, and delineating boundaries for urban development. We will promote afforestation, take comprehensive steps to control desertification, stony deserts, and soil erosion, strengthen wetland conservation and restoration, and better prevent and control geological disasters. We will improve the system for protecting natural forests, and turn more marginal farmland into forests and grasslands. We will rigorously protect farmland and expand trials in crop rotation and keeping land fallow. We will improve systems for regeneration of croplands, grasslands, forests, rivers, and lakes, and set up diversified market-based mechanisms for ecological compensation.

（四）改革生态环境监管体制。加强对生态文明建设的总体设计和组织领导，设立国有自然资源资产管理和自然生态监管机构，完善生态环境管理制度，统一行使全民所有自然资源资产所有者职责，统一行使所有国土空间用途管制和生态保护修复职责，统一行使监管城乡各类污染排放和行政执法职责。构建国土空间开发保护制度，完善主体功能区配套政策，建立以国家公园为主体的自然保护地体系。坚决制止和惩处破坏生态环境行为。

4. Reforming the environmental regulation system

We will strengthen overall planning, organization, and leadership for building an ecological civilization. We will establish regulatory agencies to manage state-owned natural resource assets and monitor natural ecosystems, and improve environmental management systems. These agencies will, in a unified way, perform the duties of the owner of public-owned natural resource assets, the duties of regulating the use of all territorial space and protecting and restoring ecosystems, and the duties of monitoring the discharge of all pollutants in urban and rural areas and conducting administrative law enforcement. We will establish systems for developing and protecting territorial space, improve supporting policies on functional zones, and develop a nature reserves system composed mainly of national parks. We will take tough steps to stop and punish all activities that damage the environment.

同志们！生态文明建设功在当代、利在千秋。我们要牢固树立社会主义生态文明观，推动形成人与自然和谐发展现代化建设新格局，为保护生态环境作出我们这代人的努力！

Comrades,

What we are doing today to build an ecological civilization will benefit generations to come. We should have a strong commitment to socialist ecological civilization and work to develop a new model of modernization with humans developing in harmony with nature. We must do our generation’s share to protect the environment.

十、坚持走中国特色强军之路，全面推进国防和军队现代化

X. Staying Committed to the Chinese Path of Building Strong Armed Forces and Fully Advancing the Modernization of National Defense and the Military

国防和军队建设正站在新的历史起点上。面对国家安全环境的深刻变化，面对强国强军的时代要求，必须全面贯彻新时代党的强军思想，贯彻新形势下军事战略方针，建设强大的现代化陆军、海军、空军、火箭军和战略支援部队，打造坚强高效的战区联合作战指挥机构，构建中国特色现代作战体系，担当起党和人民赋予的新时代使命任务。

We have reached a new historical starting point in strengthening national defense and the armed forces. Confronted with profound changes in our national security environment and responding to the demands of the day for a strong country with a strong military, we must fully implement the Party’s thinking on strengthening the military for the new era and the military strategy for new conditions, build a powerful and modernized army, navy, air force, rocket force, and strategic support force, develop strong and efficient joint operations commanding institutions for theater commands, and create a modern combat system with distinctive Chinese characteristics. Our armed forces must be up to shouldering the missions and tasks of the new era entrusted to them by the Party and the people.

适应世界新军事革命发展趋势和国家安全需求，提高建设质量和效益，确保到二○二○年基本实现机械化，信息化建设取得重大进展，战略能力有大的提升。同国家现代化进程相一致，全面推进军事理论现代化、军队组织形态现代化、军事人员现代化、武器装备现代化，力争到二○三五年基本实现国防和军队现代化，到本世纪中叶把人民军队全面建成世界一流军队。

We will adapt to the trend of a new global military revolution and to national security needs; we will upgrade our military capabilities, and see that, by the year 2020, mechanization is basically achieved, IT application has come a long way, and strategic capabilities have seen a big improvement. In step with our country’s modernization process, we will modernize our military across the board in terms of theory, organizational structure, service personnel, and weaponry. We will make it our mission to see that by 2035, the modernization of our national defense and our forces is basically completed; and that by the mid-21st century our people’s armed forces have been fully transformed into world-class forces.

加强军队党的建设，开展“传承红色基因、担当强军重任”主题教育，推进军人荣誉体系建设，培养有灵魂、有本事、有血性、有品德的新时代革命军人，永葆人民军队性质、宗旨、本色。继续深化国防和军队改革，深化军官职业化制度、文职人员制度、兵役制度等重大政策制度改革，推进军事管理革命，完善和发展中国特色社会主义军事制度。树立科技是核心战斗力的思想，推进重大技术创新、自主创新，加强军事人才培养体系建设，建设创新型人民军队。全面从严治军，推动治军方式根本性转变，提高国防和军队建设法治化水平。

We will strengthen Party building in the military. We will launch activities under the theme of “passing on the traditions of revolution; stepping up to the task of making the military strong.” We will move forward with the development of the military honors system. We will train the revolutionary officers and soldiers of a new era with faith, ability, courage, and integrity, and see that our forces forever preserve their nature, purpose, and character as the forces of the people. We will continue to deepen national defense and military reform. We will further the reform of major policy systems, including the career officers system, the system for posting civilian personnel in the military, and the military service system. We will push ahead with transformation of military management, and improve and develop our distinctively Chinese socialist military institutions. We must keep it firm in our minds that technology is the core combat capability, encourage innovations in major technologies, and conduct innovations independently. We will strengthen the system for training military personnel, and make our people’s forces more innovative. We will govern the military with strict discipline in every respect, push for a fundamental transformation in the way our military is run, and strengthen the role of rule of law in enhancing national defense and military capabilities.

军队是要准备打仗的，一切工作都必须坚持战斗力标准，向能打仗、打胜仗聚焦。扎实做好各战略方向军事斗争准备，统筹推进传统安全领域和新型安全领域军事斗争准备，发展新型作战力量和保障力量，开展实战化军事训练，加强军事力量运用，加快军事智能化发展，提高基于网络信息体系的联合作战能力、全域作战能力，有效塑造态势、管控危机、遏制战争、打赢战争。

A military is built to fight. Our military must regard combat capability as the criterion to meet in all its work and focus on how to win when it is called on. We will take solid steps to ensure military preparedness for all strategic directions, and make progress in combat readiness in both traditional and new security fields. We will develop new combat forces and support forces, conduct military training under combat conditions, strengthen the application of military strength, speed up development of intelligent military, and improve combat capabilities for joint operations based on the network information system and the ability to fight under multi-dimensional conditions. This will enable us to effectively shape our military posture, manage crises, and deter and win wars.

坚持富国和强军相统一，强化统一领导、顶层设计、改革创新和重大项目落实，深化国防科技工业改革，形成军民融合深度发展格局，构建一体化的国家战略体系和能力。完善国防动员体系，建设强大稳固的现代边海空防。组建退役军人管理保障机构，维护军人军属合法权益，让军人成为全社会尊崇的职业。深化武警部队改革，建设现代化武装警察部队。

We should ensure that efforts to make our country prosperous and efforts to make our military strong go hand in hand. We will strengthen unified leadership, top-level design, reform, and innovation. We will speed up implementation of major projects, deepen reform of defense-related science, technology, and industry, achieve greater military-civilian integration, and build integrated national strategies and strategic capabilities. We will improve our national defense mobilization system, and build a strong, well-structured, and modern border defense, coastal defense, and air defense. We will establish an administration for veterans; we will protect the legitimate rights and interests of military personnel and their families; and we will make military service an occupation that enjoys public respect. We will carry out further reforms to build a modernized armed police force.

同志们！我们的军队是人民军队，我们的国防是全民国防。我们要加强全民国防教育，巩固军政军民团结，为实现中国梦强军梦凝聚强大力量！

Comrades,

Our military is the people’s military, and our national defense is the responsibility of every one of us. We must raise public awareness about the importance of national defense and strengthen unity between the government and the military and between the people and the military. Let us work together to create a mighty force for realizing the Chinese Dream and the dream of building a powerful military.