梅兰妮·特朗普白宫肖像照惹争议 谁是最美美国第一夫人？

白宫日前正式发布新晋美国“第一夫人”梅兰妮•特朗普的白宫肖像照。然而，这幅图像却因主角“露富”、“过度修图”引发争议。模特出身的梅兰妮容貌身材出众，但是她是你心中最美的美国第一夫人吗？

The White House released its official photograph of first lady Melania Trump, where she displays the diamond ring President Donald Trump bought her for their 10th anniversary.
白宫日前公布了第一夫人梅兰妮•特朗普的官方肖像照，照片中梅兰妮展示了特朗普总统送给她的结婚10周年纪念钻戒。

The image shows the first lady standing inside the White House residence, wearing a black jacket and black scarf.
在这张照片中，梅兰妮站在白宫官邸内，身穿黑色外套，系着黑色围巾。

"I am honoured to serve in the role of First Lady, and look forward to working on behalf of the American people over the coming years," Mrs Trump said.
梅兰妮表示：“我很荣幸能够成为第一夫人，并期待在未来几年为美国人民服务。”

作为新任第一夫人，又是模特出身，梅兰妮的肖像照免不了要被拿来和之前的第一夫人们作比较。

米歇尔•奥巴马的肖像照富有亲和力，被认为是一次成功的形象营销。但是，这照片当时也引发了一些争议，原因竟是她露出了手臂。

劳拉•布什坐在椅子上，笑得温柔迷人，身后的鲜花象征着女性之美。

希拉里•克林顿眼神坚定，笑容自信，看起来很有总统的样子。

南茜•里根的官方肖像照应该是最时髦的了，她身穿古琦衬衫，搭配前卫的中长款高腰红裙，双手垂握在身前，态度谦和友善。

经过一番对比，不少媒体和网友认为梅兰妮的照片过于“做作”，修图过头，脸部用太多柔焦，雾茫茫的窗户背景更是老派。

英国《卫报》吐槽道：
The first lady's crossed arms and assertive stance are pure X Factor judge circa 2007. The use of soft focus is even weirder.
这位第一夫人交叉的双臂和自信的站姿让她看起来像是2007年左右播出的《X因素》节目中的评委。柔焦的运用更是诡异。

《Cosmopolitan》杂志则认为梅兰妮的照片磨皮过头：
Mrs. Trump's face "appeared to be heavily airbrushed." "This soft lighting is like only the classiest '90s mall glamour shot photo could offer!"
梅兰妮的面部“似乎被狠狠磨过皮。”“这种柔光效果在上世纪90年代最高级的商场的美照上才会出现。”

《好莱坞报道》称：
"Melania Trump's official White House portrait puts her 15-carat wedding ring front and center."
“梅兰妮的白宫官方肖像照让她的15克拉婚戒成为焦点。”

英国《每日快报》则直言：
She was "flaunting an ENORMOUS diamond ring" and "chose to flaunt her wealth, power and status in her first official portrait as First Lady. "
梅兰妮在“炫耀她硕大的钻戒”，她选择在“首张第一夫人肖像照中炫耀自己的财富、权力和地位。”

法新社报道了人们对拍照背景的吐槽：
"While some commenters gushed that the first lady was 'beyond beautiful' and 'gorgeous,' others mocked the image as highly airbrushed and compared the gauzy background - a window in the White House residence - to 1990s school portrait settings."
“有些人认为梅兰妮非常‘漂亮’、‘迷人’，而有的人则嘲笑照片磨皮太狠，还将照片朦胧的背景——白宫官邸内的一扇窗户与上世纪90年代的校园肖像照背景相提并论。”

网友评论：

Former Comedy Central "The Nightly Show" writer Sasha Stewart wrote on Twitter, "Anyone know why Melania Trump's portrait was taken in front of the Muppet Babies window?"
喜剧中心频道《每夜秀》节目的前编剧萨沙•斯图尔特在推特上写道：“有谁知道为什么梅兰妮的肖像照的取景是《布偶娃娃》中的窗户？”

有网友恶搞梅兰妮的照片，配文“她真美”。

还有人开始怀念起米歇尔，“我想念米歇尔，对于一个普通女性而言，这张照片看起来太失真了。让人闹心和恶心。”

“第一夫人获得了Photoshop模糊工具的赞助。”

“她这次没有模仿米歇尔·奥巴马，但是抄袭一个未成年人的时尚风格也不行。”

梅兰妮的肖像照也引起了一些专家的关注，他们对于照片背后的含义给出了自己的解读。

Photographs like these matter, says Prof Cara A Finnegan from the communications department at the University of Illinois, because they can tell you how a person in power views themselves.
伊利诺伊大学传播系教授卡拉•A•芬尼根表示，这类照片非常重要，因为它们可以告诉你一个掌权者是如何看待自己的。

"Images of presidents are important because presidents think images of themselves are important," she says.
芬尼根称：“总统的形象之所以很重要，是因为总统认为这很重要。”

"Our expectations for these kinds of images are pretty high," she says.
她说：“我们对这些图片的期望非常高。”

"In some ways they (the White House) are doing what they can do with what they have, which is someone who is a model, who built a business on her fame and the way that she looks," says Prof Finnegan.
芬尼根教授说：“在某种程度上，他们（白宫）已经竭尽所能了，他们面对的是一位以名气和外貌为生的模特。”

"The abstractness of that background, where she's vaguely in the White House but you can't really tell, that to me mirrors her own situation.
“对我而言，照片抽象的背景折射出梅兰妮现在的处境。她好像身处白宫，但你也不太确定。”

For Prof Nicole Dahmen from the University of Oregon's School of Journalism and Communication, "Melania Trump's first official portrait embodies the excessive wealth and reality star celebrity of the Trump White House".
对于俄勒冈大学新闻传播学院教授妮科尔•达门而言，“梅兰妮的首张官方肖像照代表着特朗普政府中存在的过度财富和真人秀明星人气。”

She believes this photograph moves the administration "even further from the truth and substance of middle America".
她认为这张照片让美国政府“离美国中产阶级的真相与现实更加遥远”。

"The obvious airbrushing in the photo can also be seen as a parallel to the Trump administration's use of lies and 'alternative facts'," says Prof Dahmen.
达门称：“照片中明显的修图痕迹也可以被看作是特朗普政府编造的谎言和‘假事实’。”

"The portrait is a construction of reality - not actual reality."
“梅兰妮的肖像照是建构的现实，而并不是真正的现实。”

The use of photo software also raises some issues for Prof Finnegan.
芬尼根教授对修图软件的应用进行了探讨。

"As a woman and as a feminist, I'm not excited about the norms of beauty that any of these sorts of images communicate, especially to young women and girls," she says.
她说：“作为一名女性以及一名女权主义者，我不喜欢这类形象特别针对年轻女性所传递的关于美的规则。”

"Anxiety about airbrushing and the inevitable link to fake news, I get less worked up about because photography historically has always been involved in debates about what's real and what's fake.
“我对修图与假新闻的必然联系并不担心，因为围绕着摄影的真与假的辩论一直以来都存在。”

"If the argument is, 'Look how fake the Trumps are compared to the Obamas, because the Obamas photographs were so authentic,' that's where I get uncomfortable because there are ways to select and frame images, regardless of whether you airbrush them, that can be very inauthentic."
“如果争议是‘快看，和奥巴马夫妇相比特朗普夫妇是多么虚伪，因为奥巴马夫妇的照片是如此真实，’，那么我会感到不安，因为选择和设计形象的方式有很多种，无论你是否修图，它们都可能是非常不真实的。”

英文来源：BBC、每日邮报、卫报等
翻译&编辑：董静
审校：丹妮