2018年政府工作报告（双语全文）

（三）深化基础性关键领域改革。以改革开放40周年为重要契机，推动改革取得新突破，不断解放和发展社会生产力。
3. Deepening reforms in fundamental and key areas

We should, drawing on the important momentum generated by the 40th anniversary of reform and opening up, endeavor to make new breakthroughs in reform, and continue to unleash and develop productive forces.

推进国资国企改革。制定出资人监管权责清单。深化国有资本投资、运营公司等改革试点，赋予更多自主权。继续推进国有企业优化重组和央企股份制改革，加快形成有效制衡的法人治理结构和灵活高效的市场化经营机制，持续瘦身健体，提升主业核心竞争力，推动国有资本做强做优做大。积极稳妥推进混合所有制改革。落实向全国人大常委会报告国有资产管理情况的制度。国有企业要通过改革创新，走在高质量发展前列。
We should advance the reform of state capital and SOEs.

Lists of investor rights and obligations regarding oversight and regulation should be drawn up. We should deepen trial reforms in state capital investment and management companies, and grant them more decision-making power. We should continue moving forward with the improvement and restructuring of SOEs and the joint-stock reform of central government enterprises, and move faster to give shape to corporate governance structures with effective checks and balances and flexible and efficient market-based operating mechanisms. We should work consistently to make SOEs into leaner, better performers, increase the core competitiveness of their main business, and strengthen, expand, and increase returns on state capital.Reforms introducing mixed ownership in SOEs should be moved forward actively and prudently. The system for State Council reporting to the NPC Standing Committee on the management of state-owned assets should be implemented. Our SOEs should, through reform and innovation, become front-runners in pursuing high-quality development.

支持民营企业发展。坚持“两个毫不动摇”，坚持权利平等、机会平等、规则平等，全面落实支持非公有制经济发展的政策措施，认真解决民营企业反映的突出问题，坚决破除各种隐性壁垒。构建亲清新型政商关系，健全企业家参与涉企政策制定机制。激发和保护企业家精神，壮大企业家队伍，增强企业家信心，让民营企业在市场经济浪潮中尽显身手。
We should support the development of private enterprises.

There should be no irresolution about consolidating and developing the public sector and no irresolution about encouraging, supporting, and guiding non-public sector development; we should uphold the principle of equal rights, equal opportunities, and fair rules. We should implement fully all policies and measures in support of non-public sector development, earnestly address salient problems that concern private companies, and take firm action to remove hidden barriers.We should build a new type of cordial and clean relationship between government and business, and improve mechanisms for entrepreneurs to participate in enterprise-related policy formulation. We should inspire and protect entrepreneurship, expand the ranks of entrepreneurs, boost entrepreneur confidence, and enable private enterprises to reach their maximum potential in the market economy.

完善产权制度和要素市场化配置机制。产权制度是社会主义市场经济的基石。要以保护产权、维护契约、统一市场、平等交换、公平竞争为基本导向，完善相关法律法规。对各种侵权行为要依法严肃处理，对产权纠纷申诉案件要依法甄别纠正。强化知识产权保护，实行侵权惩罚性赔偿制度。加快技术、土地等要素价格市场化改革，深化资源类产品和公共服务价格改革，打破行政垄断，防止市场垄断。要用有力的产权保护、顺畅的要素流动，让市场活力和社会创造力竞相迸发。
We should improve property rights systems and mechanisms for the market-based allocation of the factors of production.

The property rights system is the cornerstone of the socialist market economy. We should improve the relevant laws and regulations to see that property rights are protected, contracts are honored, the market is unified, exchanges are equal, and competition is fair. All types of infringements on property rights need to be strictly dealt with in accordance with law, and all cases involving property rights dispute complaints need to be reviewed and settled in accordance with law.We should strengthen the protection of intellectual property, and enforce a punitive compensation system for intellectual property rights infringements. We should speed up reforms making the pricing of factors of production like technology and land increasingly market-based, deepen reform of the pricing mechanisms for resource products and public services, break government monopolies, and protect against market monopolies. We need to see that strong protection of property rights and fluid flows of the factors of production enable a great increase in market dynamism and public creativity.

深化财税体制改革。推进中央与地方财政事权和支出责任划分改革，抓紧制定收入划分改革方案，完善转移支付制度。健全地方税体系，稳妥推进房地产税立法。改革个人所得税。全面实施绩效管理，使财政资金花得其所、用得安全。
We should continue structural fiscal and tax reforms.

We should advance reforms to clearly define the respective fiscal powers and expenditure responsibilities of central and local government, move quickly on formulating a plan for reforming the division of revenue, and improve the transfer payments system.We should improve local tax systems, and prudently advance legislation on real estate tax. Personal income tax should be reformed. We should implement performance-based management across the board, ensuring the proper and secure use of fiscal budgets.

加快金融体制改革。改革完善金融服务体系，支持金融机构扩展普惠金融业务，规范发展地方性中小金融机构，着力解决小微企业融资难、融资贵问题。深化多层次资本市场改革，推动债券、期货市场发展。拓展保险市场的风险保障功能。改革金融监管体制。深化利率汇率市场化改革，保持人民币汇率在合理均衡水平上的基本稳定。
We should speed up reforms in the financial sector.

We should reform and improve the financial service system, support financial institutions in expanding their business in inclusive finance, promote the well-regulated development of small and medium local financial institutions, and focus on solving the problem of small and micro enterprises finding it tough and expensive to access financing.We should deepen the reform to develop a multi-tiered capital market, and promote the development of the bonds and futures markets. The insurance market’s role in protecting against risk should be expanded. The system for financial regulation should be reformed. We should deepen reforms to make the interest rate and exchange rate more market-based, and see that the RMB exchange rate remains generally stable at an adaptive and equilibrium level.

推进社会体制改革。深化养老保险制度改革，建立企业职工基本养老保险基金中央调剂制度。深化公立医院综合改革，协调推进医疗价格、人事薪酬、药品流通、医保支付改革，提高医疗卫生服务质量，下大力气解决群众看病就医难题。深入推进教育、文化、体育等改革，充分释放社会领域巨大发展潜力。
We should advance institutional social reforms.

We should deepen reform of the old-age pension system, and establish a central system for enterprise employees’ basic old-age pension funds to be used inter-provincially. We should deepen comprehensive public hospital reform and make coordinated moves to reform healthcare pricing, staffing and remuneration, medicine distribution, and health insurance payment models. We should improve the quality of healthcare services and work hard to resolve the difficulties people face in accessing medical care. We should continue reforms in education, culture, and sports, fully unlocking society’s vast potential for development.

健全生态文明体制。改革完善生态环境管理制度，加强自然生态空间用途管制，推行生态环境损害赔偿制度，完善生态补偿机制，以更加有效的制度保护生态环境。
We need to build a more robust system for developing an ecological civilization.

We should reform and improve the system for ecological and environmental regulation, strengthen regulation over the use of natural ecological spaces, roll out a system of compensation for ecological and environmental damage, and improve the compensation mechanisms for ecological conservation, using more effective institutions to achieve ecological and environmental protection.

（四）坚决打好三大攻坚战。要围绕完成年度攻坚任务，明确各方责任，强化政策保障，把各项工作做实做好。
4. Fighting three critical battles

To fulfill our key annual tasks, we need to make everyone involved clear about their responsibilities, strengthen policy implementation, and ensure that every element of work is done to good, solid effect.

推动重大风险防范化解取得明显进展。当前我国经济金融风险总体可控，要标本兼治，有效消除风险隐患。严厉打击非法集资、金融诈骗等违法犯罪活动。加快市场化法治化债转股和企业兼并重组。加强金融机构风险内控。强化金融监管统筹协调，健全对影子银行、互联网金融、金融控股公司等监管，进一步完善金融监管、提升监管效能。防范化解地方政府债务风险。严禁各类违法违规举债、担保等行为。省级政府对本辖区债务负总责，省级以下各级地方政府各负其责，积极稳妥处置存量债务。健全规范的地方政府举债融资机制。今年安排地方专项债券1．35万亿元，比去年增加5500亿元，优先支持在建项目平稳建设，合理扩大专项债券使用范围。我国经济基本面好，政策工具多，完全能够守住不发生系统性风险的底线。
First, we should strive for notable progress in forestalling and defusing major risks.

At present, China’s economic and financial risks are on the whole manageable. What we need to do is to tackle both symptoms and root causes and take effective measures to defuse potential risks.Tough measures should be taken against unlawful and criminal activities like illegal fundraising and financial fraud. Debt-to-equity swaps and business acquisitions and reorganizations, conducted in a way consistent with market principles and the rule of law, should be accelerated.We need to see that internal risk controls are tightened in financial institutions. We should strengthen coordination in financial regulation, improve regulation over shadow banking, internet finance, and financial holding companies, and further improve financial regulation to make it more effective.We should forestall and defuse local government debt risk. All forms of borrowing and debt underwriting that violate the law and regulations must be strictly prohibited. Provincial-level governments should assume overall responsibility for debts incurred by local governments within their jurisdictions; every level of government below the provincial level should live up to their own responsibilities, and all must take active, prudent steps to deal with outstanding debt. We should improve the standard mechanisms for local governments to secure financing. This year, local government special bonds issued are expected to total 1.35 trillion yuan, an increase of 550 billion yuan year on year, to be used as a matter of priority for financing the smooth implementation of ongoing projects; and the scope of the use of special bonds should be appropriately expanded.The fundamentals of the Chinese economy remain sound, and we have many policy tools at our disposal. We are fully capable of forestalling systemic risks.

加大精准脱贫力度。今年再减少农村贫困人口1000万以上，完成易地扶贫搬迁280万人。深入推进产业、教育、健康、生态和文化等扶贫，补齐基础设施和公共服务短板，加强东西部扶贫协作和对口支援，注重扶贫同扶志、扶智相结合，激发脱贫内生动力。强化对深度贫困地区支持，中央财政新增扶贫投入及有关转移支付向深度贫困地区倾斜。对老年人、残疾人、重病患者等特定贫困人口，因户因人落实保障措施。攻坚期内脱贫不脱政策，新产生的贫困人口和返贫人口要及时纳入帮扶。加强扶贫资金整合和绩效管理。开展扶贫领域腐败和作风问题专项治理，改进考核监督方式。坚持现行脱贫标准，确保进度和质量，让脱贫得到群众认可、经得起历史检验。
Second, we should step up targeted poverty alleviation.

This year, the poor rural population should be further reduced by over 10 million, including 2.8 million people to be relocated from inhospitable areas. More should be done to alleviate poverty through the development of local industries, education, healthcare, and culture, and through the development and conservation of local ecological resources. We should shore up weak links in infrastructure and public services, strengthen collaboration on poverty alleviation and paired assistance between the eastern and western regions, and focus particular attention on building people’s confidence in their ability to lift themselves out of poverty and on helping them access the education they need to do so. With all these efforts, we would create self-generated impetus for poverty reduction.We should do more to support areas affected by extreme poverty, and the central budget’s newly enlarged poverty reduction funds and related transfer payments should be weighted toward these areas. We should tailor measures to individuals and individual households to ensure that targeted poor populations, including elderly people, people with disabilities, and people with serious diseases, receive the assistance they need. Poverty relief policies should remain unchanged for those already lifted out of poverty while the battle goes on, and the newly poor and those who slip back into poverty should receive prompt support.Poverty alleviation funds should be better integrated and performance-based management should be strengthened. We need to take targeted measures against corruption and misconduct in poverty alleviation, and improve the methods used in evaluation and oversight. We should continue to apply the current poverty alleviation standards and ensure that poverty reduction progresses as planned and meets all standards, so that poverty alleviation work wins the approval of the people and stands the test of time.

推进污染防治取得更大成效。巩固蓝天保卫战成果，今年二氧化硫、氮氧化物排放量要下降3％，重点地区细颗粒物（PM2．5）浓度继续下降。推动钢铁等行业超低排放改造。提高污染排放标准，实行限期达标。大力发展清洁能源。开展柴油货车、船舶超标排放专项治理，继续淘汰老旧车。深入推进水、土壤污染防治，今年化学需氧量、氨氮排放量要下降2％。实施重点流域和海域综合治理，全面整治黑臭水体。加大污水处理设施建设力度，完善收费政策。加强固体废弃物和垃圾分类处置，严禁“洋垃圾”入境。加强生态系统保护和修复，全面划定并严守生态保护红线，完成造林1亿亩以上，耕地轮作休耕试点面积增加到3000万亩，加强地下水保护和修复，扩大湿地保护和恢复范围，深化国家公园体制改革试点。严控填海造地。严格环境执法和问责。我们要携手行动，建设天蓝、地绿、水清的美丽中国。
Third, we should work to make greater progress in addressing pollution.

Gains made in the fight to defend the blue of our skies should be consolidated. This year, sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxide emissions should be cut by 3 percent and a continuous decline in PM2.5 density should be achieved in key areas.We should encourage upgrading in the steel and other industries to achieve ultra-low emissions. We should raise standards on the emission of pollutants, and set deadlines for meeting required discharge standards. We should make a big push to develop clean energy. A special program is needed to reduce exhaust emissions by diesel trucks and ships that exceed standards, and work should continue on removing old and high-emission vehicles from roads.We should continue efforts to prevent and control water and soil pollution. This year, chemical oxygen demand and ammonia nitrogen emissions should be cut by 2 percent. Water environments in key river basins and sea areas should be improved through comprehensive measures, and thorough action should be taken to clean up black, malodorous water bodies. We should strengthen the development of sewage treatment facilities, and improve policy on charges for their services. We should strengthen sorting in solid waste and garbage disposal. We should completely prohibit garbage from being brought into China.Efforts should be redoubled to protect and restore ecosystems, and redlines for ecological conservation should be set and observed strictly across the country. This year, more than 6.67 million hectares of land should be afforested, and crop rotation and fallow land trials should be increased to cover 2 million hectares of farmland. Groundwater should be better protected and restored; wetland protection and restoration should be expanded, and pilot reforms for the national parks system should continue. We need to impose strict controls over coastal area reclamation. Environmental laws and regulations must be strictly enforced, and those guilty must be held strictly to account. We all need to join hands and take action to build a Beautiful China where the skies are blue, the lands are green, and the waters are clear.

（五）大力实施乡村振兴战略。科学制定规划，健全城乡融合发展体制机制，依靠改革创新壮大乡村发展新动能。
5. Making strong moves in the rural revitalization strategy

Plans should be well designed and the institutions and mechanisms needed to achieve integrated urban-rural development should be improved. We should rely on reform and innovation to build powerful new growth drivers for rural development.

推进农业供给侧结构性改革。促进农林牧渔业和种业创新发展，加快建设现代农业产业园和特色农产品优势区。坚持提质导向，稳定和优化粮食生产。加快消化粮食库存。发展农产品加工业。新增高标准农田8000万亩以上、高效节水灌溉面积2000万亩。培育新型经营主体，提高农业科技水平，推进农业机械化全程全面发展，加强面向小农户的社会化服务。鼓励支持返乡农民工、大中专毕业生、科技人员、退役军人和工商企业等从事现代农业建设、发展农村新业态新模式。深入推进“互联网＋农业”，多渠道增加农民收入，促进农村一二三产业融合发展。
We should advance supply-side structural reform in agriculture.

We should promote innovative development in the farming, forestry, livestock, fishing, and seed industries, and speed up work on developing modern agriculture industrial parks and areas producing local specialty agricultural products. With a focus on improving quality, we should ensure stable and optimized grain output. We should act faster to reduce excess food stockpiles. We should develop the agricultural products processing industry. The area of high-standard cropland should be increased by at least 5.33 million hectares, and the coverage of efficient water-saving irrigation should be expanded by 1.33 million hectares.We should cultivate new types of agribusiness, improve agricultural technology, encourage whole-process, all-around development in mechanizing agriculture, and improve commercial services catering to small agricultural households. We should encourage and support returnee rural migrant workers, secondary and tertiary specialized school graduates, scientists and technicians, demobilized military personnel, and industrial and commercial businesses to get involved in developing modern agriculture and new forms and models of business in rural areas. We should make further headway with the Internet Plus Agriculture model, use multiple channels to increase rural incomes, and encourage the primary, secondary, and tertiary industries to develop in an integrated way in rural areas.

全面深化农村改革。落实第二轮土地承包到期后再延长30年的政策。探索宅基地所有权、资格权、使用权分置改革。改进耕地占补平衡管理办法，建立新增耕地指标、城乡建设用地增减挂钩节余指标跨省域调剂机制，所得收益全部用于脱贫攻坚和支持乡村振兴。深化粮食收储、集体产权、集体林权、国有林区林场、农垦、供销社等改革，使农业农村充满生机活力。
We should deepen all rural reforms.

We should implement the policy extending second-round rural land contracts by another 30 years upon expiration. We should experiment with separating the ownership rights, qualification rights, and use rights for rural land designated for housing.We should improve the measures on offsetting cultivated land used for other purposes, and establish a mechanism that allows the surplus quotas produced by linking newly-added cropland quotas with the amount of land used for construction to be adjusted inter-provincially. All profit therefrom should be used to fight poverty and support rural revitalization.We should deepen reforms related to grain purchasing and storage, collective property rights, collective forest tenure, state forestry areas and farms, state farms, and supply and marketing cooperatives, and see that agriculture and rural areas are full of life and dynamism.

推动农村各项事业全面发展。完善农村医疗、教育、文化等公共服务。改善供水、供电、信息等基础设施，新建改建农村公路20万公里。稳步开展农村人居环境整治三年行动，推进“厕所革命”和垃圾收集处理。促进农村移风易俗。健全自治、法治、德治相结合的乡村治理体系。大力培育乡村振兴人才。我们要坚持走中国特色社会主义乡村振兴道路，加快实现农业农村现代化。
We should promote the full development of all programs in rural areas.

We should improve healthcare, education, cultural, and other public services in rural areas. We should improve the infrastructure for supplying water and power, for information, and so on, and build or upgrade 200,000 kilometers of rural roads. Steady steps should be taken as part of a three-year campaign to improve rural living environments, and progress should be made in the Toilet Revolution and in garbage collection and disposal.We should encourage a shift away from outdated social practices. The rural governance model, based on self-governance, rule of law, and rule of virtue, should be improved. Strong efforts should be made to train personnel serving rural revitalization. We should continue to pursue a Chinese path to socialist rural revitalization, and work faster to achieve agricultural and rural modernization.