过去五年，我们在丰富实践中积累了许多宝贵经验，主要体会是：

We learned many valuable lessons in our experiences over the last five years. The main ones are as follows.

第一，必须坚持解放思想。解放思想、实事求是是我们党的思想路线。只有坚持一切从实际出发，破除迷信，敢于冲破不合时宜的观念束缚，尊重群众首创精神，大胆探索、实践和创造，与时俱进，才能使社会主义现代化事业充满生机和活力。

First, we must continue to liberate our thinking. Liberating our thinking and following a realistic and pragmatic approach is the Party's ideological line. We must proceed from reality in everything we do, eliminate superstition, break the shackles of outdated ideas, respect the people's pioneering spirit, boldly explore new ways, take concrete action, be creative, and keep up with the times to ensure that the cause of socialist modernization retains its great vitality.

第二，必须坚持落实科学发展观。科学发展观是发展中国特色社会主义的重大战略思想，是我国经济社会发展的重要指导方针。我们要坚持把发展作为第一要务，着力转变经济发展方式，调整经济结构，提高经济增长质量和效益；坚持以人为本，注重统筹兼顾，推动全面协调可持续发展。只有深入贯彻落实科学发展观，才能实现经济社会又好又快发展，促进社会和谐。

Second, we must steadfastly apply the Scientific Outlook on Development. This is a major strategic concept for developing socialism with Chinese characteristics and an important guiding principle for China's economic and social development. We must continue to take development as the top priority, concentrate on changing the way the economy develops, and adjust the economic structure to improve the quality and efficiency of economic growth. We must always put people first, attach great importance to overall planning, and promote comprehensive, balanced and sustainable development. Only by thoroughly applying the Scientific Outlook on Development can we achieve sound and rapid economic and social development and promote social harmony.

第三，必须坚持改革开放。改革开放是决定当代中国命运重大而关键的抉择。我们要坚定不移地推进经济体制改革、政治体制改革，发展社会主义民主政治，完善社会主义市场经济体制，解放和发展生产力，促进社会公平正义，实现人的全面发展。开放也是改革，开放兼容才能强国。改革开放贯穿于社会主义现代化建设的整个过程，任何时候都不能动摇。

Third, we must adhere to the reform and opening up policy. Reform and opening up is a major and crucial choice that is shaping the destiny of contemporary China. We need to unswervingly promote reform in economic and political institutions, develop socialist democracy, improve the socialist market economy, liberate and develop the productive forces, promote social fairness and justice, and achieve all-round personal development. Opening up is also a kind of reform, and a nation cannot become strong if it is not open and inclusive. We must continue to pursue reform and opening up throughout the course of socialist modernization and never deviate from this policy.

第四，必须坚持搞好宏观调控。宏观调控与市场机制都是社会主义市场经济体制的组成部分。我们要更大程度地发挥市场在资源配置中的基础性作用，增强企业活力和竞争力。同时，要加强和改善宏观调控，坚持主要运用经济手段、法律手段，发挥各种政策的组合效应；坚持区别对待、有保有压，不搞一刀切，不搞急刹车；坚持不断总结经验，及时调整政策，注重实际效果。只有把市场机制和宏观调控有机结合起来，才能保证整个经济充满活力、富有效率、持续健康协调发展。

Fourth, we must continue to exercise effective macroeconomic regulation. Both macroeconomic regulation and market forces are components of the socialist market economy. We need to make better use of the basic role of market forces in allocating resources, revitalize enterprises and improve their competitive edge. At the same time, we need to improve macroeconomic regulation, continue to carry out macroeconomic regulation mainly through economic and legal means, and get the complete range of government policies to fully play their role. We must continue to deal with each situation on its own merits, encourage growth in some sectors and discourage it in others as the situation requires, and refrain from taking a uniform approach to different situations or putting on the brakes without good reason. We must continue to draw lessons from our experiences, make policy adjustments as needed and be result-oriented. We must integrate the use of market forces with macroeconomic regulation in order to ensure that the economy remains vigorous, performs well, and develops in a sustainable, healthy and balanced way.

第五，必须坚持执政为民。政府的一切权力都是人民赋予的，执政为民是各级政府的崇高使命。我们要牢记全心全意为人民服务的宗旨，把实现好、维护好、发展好最广大人民的根本利益，作为政府工作的出发点和落脚点。更加注重保障和改善民生，特别要关心和解决城乡低收入群众的生活困难，使全体人民共享改革发展成果。只有坚持一切属于人民，一切为了人民，一切依靠人民，一切归功于人民，我们的各项事业才能获得最广泛最可靠的群众基础和力量源泉。

Fifth, we must continue to run the government for the people. All the power of the government comes from the people, and running the government for them is a lofty mission of governments at all levels. We must never forget that serving the people wholeheartedly is our purpose, and make sure that the aim and outcome of the work of the government is to fulfill, safeguard and develop the fundamental interests of the overwhelming majority of people. We need to attach greater importance to ensuring the well-being of the people and improving their lives, in particular showing concern for urban and rural residents with low incomes and helping them make ends meet in their daily lives, in order to ensure that all of the people share in the fruits of reform and development. We must always keep in mind that everything belongs to the people, do everything for their benefit, rely on them in everything we do and attribute all our successes to their efforts. Only by doing so can we enjoy the broadest and most reliable support from the people and draw from them the strength for ensuring success in all our endeavors.

第六，必须坚持依法行政。遵守宪法和法律是政府一切工作的根本原则。我们要严格按照法定权限和程序行使权力、履行职责，加强政府立法，规范行政执法，完善行政监督，建设法治政府，不断提高依法行政能力。只有全面推行依法行政，努力做到有权必有责、用权受监督、侵权要赔偿、违法要追究，让权力在阳光下运行，才能保证人民赋予的权力始终用来为人民谋利益。

Sixth, we must continue to run the government in accordance with the law. Abiding by the Constitution and laws is a fundamental principle for all the work of the government. We need to exercise our power and perform our functions and responsibilities within the jurisdiction stipulated by law and in accordance with legal procedures, improve government legislative work, standardize administrative law enforcement, improve administrative oversight, develop law-based government and enhance our ability to carry out administrative functions in accordance with the law. We must ensure that government administration fully complies with the law, that power comes with responsibility, that there is proper oversight on the exercise of power, that reparation is paid for infringement of rights, that any violation of the law is prosecuted, and that power is exercised in a transparent manner. This is the only way to ensure that the power entrusted to us by the people is always exercised in their interests.

我们也清醒地认识到，经济社会发展和政府工作中还存在不少问题，国内外形势发展变化使我们面临诸多新的挑战和风险。

We are also clearly aware that there are still many problems affecting China's economic and social development and the work of the government, and that changes in the domestic and international environment present many new challenges and risks.

——经济运行中一些突出问题和深层次矛盾依然存在。近年来固定资产投资增长过快，货币信贷投放过多，国际收支不平衡。长期形成的结构性矛盾和增长方式粗放问题仍然突出。投资与消费关系不协调，投资率持续偏高；一二三产业发展不协调，工业特别是重工业比重偏大，服务业比重偏低；自主创新能力不强，经济增长的资源环境代价过大。农业基础仍然薄弱，农业稳定发展和农民持续增收难度加大，城乡、区域发展差距扩大的趋势尚未扭转。特别是影响经济发展的体制机制障碍还相当突出，改革攻坚任务繁重。

- There are still some prominent issues and deep-rooted problems affecting economic performance. China has experienced overheated growth in fixed asset investment, excessive supplies of money and credit, and imbalance in its international payments in recent years. Longstanding structural problems and the extensive pattern of growth remain serious problems. There is a lack of balance between investment and consumption, with the investment rate still running too high. Development of primary, secondary and tertiary industries is not in balance, with too much investment in primary industry, particularly heavy industry, but too little investment in the service industry. China's capacity for independent innovation is still weak and the price paid for economic growth in terms of resource consumption and environmental pressure is too great. Agriculture, the foundation of the economy, remains weak. The difficulty of maintaining steady agricultural development and keeping the incomes of farmers increasing has grown, and the growing development gap between urban and rural areas and between regions has not been checked. In particular, the institutional factors hindering economic development remain serious, making institutional reform a daunting task.

——涉及群众切身利益的问题有待进一步解决。当前物价上涨、通货膨胀压力加大，是广大群众最为关注的问题。去年居民消费价格总水平比上年上涨4.8%，主要是食品和居住类价格涨幅较大。物价上涨有多方面的因素：国内农产品价格多年在低位运行，近期的价格上涨有其必然性和一定的合理因素，但对群众特别是低收入群众生活影响较大；近年来国际市场初级产品价格大幅上升，也直接影响国内价格上涨。由于推动价格上涨的因素还将存在，今年价格上涨的压力仍然较大。同时，生产资料价格不断上升，房地产等资产价格上涨过快，防止通货膨胀的任务相当艰巨。劳动就业、社会保障、教育、医疗卫生、收入分配、住房、产品质量安全、安全生产、社会治安等方面，还有不少问题需要认真加以解决。

- More work needs to be done to resolve problems affecting the vital interests of the people.The current price hikes and increasing inflationary pressures are the biggest concern of the people. Last year's consumer price index (CPI) rose by 4.8% year-on-year, mainly due to large increases in the cost of food and housing. There are a variety of factors behind the price increases. Though the domestic prices of farm products have remained low for many years and some of the recent price increases were therefore overdue and somewhat reasonable, price increases nevertheless have a great impact on people's lives, especially on the lives of the low-income sector of the population. The prices of primary commodities on the international market have risen considerably in recent years, which directly puts upward pressure on domestic prices. Because factors driving prices up are still at work, upward pressure on prices will remain great this year. In addition, prices of the means of production have continued to rise and real estate prices have risen steeply, making the task of holding down inflation difficult. There are still quite a few problems in employment, the social safety net, education, medical and health care, income distribution, housing, product quality and safety, workplace safety and public security, and we need to work harder to resolve them.

——国际经济环境变化不确定因素和潜在风险增加。随着经济全球化深入发展，我国经济与世界经济联系越来越密切。当前全球经济失衡加剧、增速放缓，国际竞争更加激烈；美国次级抵押贷款危机影响蔓延，美元持续贬值，国际金融市场风险增大；国际市场粮食价格上涨，石油等初级产品价格高位运行；贸易保护主义加剧，贸易摩擦增多。国际上一些政治因素对世界经济走势的影响也不容忽视。这些都可能对我国经济发展带来不利影响。我国正处在改革发展的关键时期，必须充分做好应对国际环境变化的各种准备，提高防范风险的能力。

- Both uncertainties in the international economic environment and potential risks have increased.As economic globalization proceeds, the Chinese economy becomes increasingly tied to the world economy. The current imbalance in the global economy is only getting worse and global economic growth is slowing, making international competition even fiercer. The impact of the U.S. sub-prime mortgage crisis is expanding, the value of the dollar is continuing to fall, and there is greater risk in international financial markets. Grain prices are rising and prices for petroleum and other primary products remain high in the international market. Trade protectionism has gotten worse, and trade frictions have increased. The effect of certain political factors in the international arena on world economic trends cannot be overlooked. All this could adversely affect China's economic development. China is now in a critical period in its reform and development, and we must be fully prepared for changes in the international environment and become better able to defuse risks.

——政府自身建设和管理需要加强。我们深深感到，政府工作与形势的要求和人民的期望还有不小差距。政府职能转变还不到位，社会管理和公共服务比较薄弱；一些部门职责交叉、权责脱节，相互推诿，办事效率低下；一些政府工作人员服务意识不强，素质不高；对权力的监督和约束机制不健全，形式主义、官僚主义问题比较突出，弄虚作假、奢侈浪费和腐败现象比较严重。

- The government's self-improvement efforts and administration need to be strengthened.We are keenly aware that the work and accomplishments of the government still fall somewhat short of what circumstances require and the people expect. The functions of government have not been completely transformed, and public administration and public services are still weak. Some government departments have overlapping responsibilities, their powers and responsibilities are not well matched, some try to shirk their responsibilities, and their performance is poor. Some government employees have an inadequate sense of responsibility toward the public and are not competent enough. Oversight mechanisms and checks on government authority are not strong enough. The problems of formalism and bureaucratic behavior are fairly common, and fraud, extravagance and waste, and corruption are quite serious.

我们一定要始终保持清醒头脑，增强忧患意识，以对国家、对人民高度负责的使命感和紧迫感，更加兢兢业业、扎扎实实地做好政府各项工作。

We must remain clear-headed at all times, be more mindful of potential danger, be highly responsible to the country and the people, maintain a high sense of mission and urgency, work even more industriously, and successfully carry out all of the government's work.