(三)推进经济结构调整，转变发展方式　　

3. Promoting economic adjustment and changing the pattern of development.

坚持扩大内需方针，调整投资和消费关系，促进经济增长由主要依靠投资、出口拉动向依靠消费、投资、出口协调拉动转变。关键是合理控制固定资产投资规模，着力优化投资结构。坚持严把土地、信贷闸门和市场准入标准，特别是要加强和规范新开工项目管理，严格执行项目新开工条件。坚决控制高耗能、高排放和产能过剩行业盲目投资和重复建设，提高限制发展行业的准入标准和项目资本金比例。违法违规建设项目要坚决停建。加大对经济社会发展薄弱环节、重点领域和中西部地区的支持力度。从严控制新增建设用地特别是工业用地，今年土地利用计划总规模控制在去年水平。要适应新形势、新情况，加强和改进对社会各类投资活动的引导、调控和监管。　　

We will continue to boost domestic demand, adjust the balance of investment and consumption, and promote the shift from the pattern of economic growth that relies mainly on investment and exports to one that relies on a balanced combination of consumption, investment and exports. It is essential to appropriately control the scale of fixed asset investment and improve the investment structure. We will maintain strict control over the availability of land, credit and market access, and pay particular attention to strengthening and standardizing supervision of new projects to ensure they meet all the conditions for launching. Haphazard investment and unneeded development projects in energy intensive and highly polluting industries and industries with excess production capacity will be resolutely stopped, and market access will be tightened and capital requirements will be increased for industries whose development is discouraged. Work on illegal projects will be resolutely stopped. We will increase support for weak links and key areas in economic and social development and give more support to the central and western regions. We must tighten control over the amount of land used for development projects, especially for industrial purposes, and hold the total amount of land used this year to last year's level. We must respond to new conditions and situations by improving guidance, regulation and oversight for all types of investment activities in the country.

坚持把推进自主创新作为转变发展方式的中心环节。要认真落实国家中长期科学和技术发展规划纲要，全面启动和组织实施大型飞机、水体污染控制与治理、大型油气田及煤层气开发等国家重大专项。实施基础研究、高技术研究和科技支撑计划。着力突破新能源汽车、高速轨道交通、工农业节水等一批重大关键技术。推进国家创新体系建设，重点建设一批国家实验室、国家工程中心、面向企业的创新支撑平台和企业技术中心，加强科技基础能力建设。深化科技管理体制改革，统筹和优化科技资源配置。今年中央财政将安排科技支出1134亿元，比上年增加134亿元。完善和落实支持自主创新的政策，充分发挥企业作为技术创新主体的作用，鼓励、引导企业增加研发投入。加大政府采购对自主创新产品的支持力度。扩大创业风险和投资试点范围。实施知识产权战略，加强国际科技合作。　

We will continue to promote independent innovation as the central link in efforts to change the pattern of development. We need to diligently implement the Outline of the National Program for Long- and Medium-Term Scientific and Technological Development and fully launch and implement key national projects, including those to develop large aircraft, control pollution in bodies of water, and develop large-scale oil and gas fields and coal seam gas operations. We will carry out plans for basic research, high-tech research, and research to provide scientific and technological support for development. We will work to make major breakthroughs in key technologies for producing vehicles powered by new energy sources, developing high-speed railway transport and saving water in industries. We will promote development of the national innovation system, focusing on building a number of national laboratories, national engineering centers, platforms to support enterprise innovation and enterprise technology centers to strengthen China's science and technology infrastructure. We will deepen reform of the management system for science and technology and coordinate and improve resource distribution. The central government will spend 113.4 billion yuan on science and technology in 2008, a year-on-year increase of 13.4 billion yuan. We will improve and implement the policy to support independent innovation, get enterprises to fully play their role as the main parties responsible for technological innovation, and encourage and guide them to increase investment in R&D. We will integrate the efforts of enterprises, universities and research institutes and develop innovative enterprises. Government procurement of products produced through independent innovation will be increased. Trials in the use of venture capital will be expanded. We will implement the intellectual property rights strategy. We will expand scientific and technological cooperation with other countries.　　

推进产业结构优化升级。坚持走中国特色新型工业化道路，推进信息化与工业化融合。着力发展高新技术产业，大力振兴装备制造业，改造和提升传统产业，加快发展服务业特别是现代服务业。继续实施新型显示器、宽带通信与网络、生物医药等一批重大高技术产业专项。充分发挥国家高新技术开发区的集聚、引领和辐射作用。围绕大型清洁高效发电设备、高档数控机床和基础制造装备等关键领域，推进重大装备、关键零部件及元器件自主研发和国产化。加强地质工作，提高资源勘查开发水平。积极发展现代能源原材料产业和综合运输体系。　　

We will promote improvement and upgrading of the industrial structure. We will keep to the new path of industrialization with Chinese characteristics and promote integration of IT application with industrialization. We will work to develop new- and high-technology industries, reinvigorate the equipment manufacturing industry, upgrade traditional industries and accelerate the development of service industries, particularly modern services. We will continue the major projects to apply high technologies in the production of new-type displays, broadband communications and network equipment, and biomedicine. We will get national new and high technology development zones to fully play their role in pooling resources, guiding development and boosting development in surrounding areas. We will promote domestic R&D and production of important equipment and key spare parts and components, with the focus on key areas such as large clean and highly efficient power generating units, high-grade digital machine tools and basic manufacturing equipment. We will give higher priority to geological work to improve prospecting for and exploitation of natural resources. We will strongly develop the modern energy and raw materials industries and better integrate the transportation system.

促进区域协调发展。深入推进西部大开发，开工建设一批重点工程，支持重点地区优化开发。继续搞好天然林保护、防沙治沙、石漠化治理，落实退耕还林后续政策。组织实施东北地区振兴规划，支持先进装备制造业发展和资源枯竭型地区经济转型。编制和实施促进中西部崛起计划，落实并完善相关政策。鼓励东部地区率先发展，着力提升国际竞争力。进一步加大对革命老区、民族地区、边疆地区、贫困地区发展的扶持力度。制定并实施主体功能区规划和政策。

We will promote balanced development among regions. We will extensively promote the large-scale development of the western region, and launch a number of key projects and support the development of key areas on a priority basis. We will continue to protect natural forests, prevent and control desertification, and reverse and prevent the development of stony deserts, and will implement a follow-up policy to consolidate progress made in converting retired farmland to forests. We will implement the plan to reinvigorate northeast China, and support the development of advanced equipment manufacturing and modern agriculture and the economic transformation of areas depending on resources that are now exhausted. We will formulate and implement a plan to boost development of the central region and implement and improve relevant policies. We will encourage the eastern region to lead the country in development and improve its international competitiveness. We will give more support to old revolutionary areas, ethnic minority areas, border areas and poor areas to help them develop. We will adopt and implement a plan and policy for development priority zones.　　

(四)加大节能减排和环境保护力度，做好产品质量安全工作　

4. Increasing efforts to conserve energy, reduce emissions and protect the environment, and ensuring product quality and safety.　　

今年是完成“十一五”节能减排约束性目标的关键一年，务必增强紧迫感，加大攻坚力度，力求取得更大成效。

This year is crucial for meeting the obligatory targets for energy conservation and emissions reduction set forth in the Eleventh Five-Year Plan, and we must increase our sense of urgency and intensify efforts to make greater progress.

一是落实电力、钢铁、水泥、煤炭、造纸等行业淘汰落后生产能力计划。建立淘汰落后产能退出机制，完善和落实关闭企业的配套政策措施。同时，按照规划加强这些行业先进生产能力的建设。　

First, we will implement the plan to close down backward production facilities in the electricity, steel, cement, coal and papermaking industries. We will also put in place a mechanism for closing down these facilities and improve and implement support policies and measures for shutting down enterprises. In addition, we will step up efforts to develop advanced production facilities in these industries in accordance with the plan.　　

二是抓好重点企业节能和重点工程建设。加快十大重点节能工程实施进度。提高城镇污水处理能力，力争用两年的时间在36个大城市率先实现污水的全部收集和处理。适当提高排污费、污水处理费和垃圾处理费标准。完善和严格执行建筑标准，大力推进墙体材料革新和建筑节能。稳步推进城镇供热体制和市政公用事业改革。

Second, we will focus on energy conservation in key enterprises and construction of key projects. We need to accelerate work on the ten major energy conservation projects. We will increase the urban sewage treatment capacity and strive to reach the goal of 100% collection and treatment of sewage in 36 large cities within two years. Charges for discharging wastewater and for sewage treatment and garbage disposal will be appropriately raised. Building standards will be upgraded and strictly enforced to encourage the development of better wall materials and construction of energy-efficient buildings. We will make steady progress in reforming the urban heating system and public utilities. 　　三是开发和推广节约、替代、循环利用资源和治理污染的先进适用技术，实施节能减排重大技术和示范工程。大力发展节能服务产业和环保业。开发风能、太阳能等清洁、可再生能源。　　Third, we will develop and apply advanced and appropriate technologies to save, replace and reuse resources and control pollution, and carry out projects to develop and demonstrate major energy conservation and emissions reduction technologies. We will energetically develop the energy conservation service industry and the environmental protection industry. We will develop clean and renewable energy sources such as wind power and solar energy. 　　四是做好“三河三湖”、南水北调水源及沿线、三峡库区和松花江等重点流域污染防治工作，实施渤海环境保护总体规划。提高重点流域水污染物的国家排放标准。　　Fourth, we will prevent and control pollution in key river valleys and regions, including the Huai, Hai, Liao and Songhua rivers, Tai, Chao and Dianchi lakes, the sources and routes of the South-to-North Water Diversion Project, and the Three Gorges Reservoir area. We will implement the master plan for protecting the environment of the Bohai Sea. National standards will have stricter limits for discharge of pollutants in key river valleys.

五是加强农村饮用水水源地保护，推进农村生活污染治理，严格控制农村地区工业污染，加强畜禽、水产养殖污染治理，控制农业面源污染。　

Fifth, we will intensify protection of rural drinking water sources, and work to control sewage and garbage pollution and industrial pollution in rural areas. We will also strengthen control of pollution from livestock and poultry farming and aquaculture as well as agricultural nonpoint source pollution.

六是鼓励和支持发展循环经济，促进再生资源回收利用。全面推行清洁生产。

Sixth, we will encourage and support the development of a circular economy and promote recycling and reuse of renewable resources. We will also promote cleaner production in all industries. 　

七是加强土地、水、草原、森林、矿产等资源的保护和节约集约利用，严厉查处乱采滥挖矿产资源等违法违规行为。搞好海洋资源保护和合理利用，发展海洋经济。加强气象、地震、测绘基础研究和能力建设。　　

Seventh, we will strengthen efforts to protect, conserve and intensively use natural resources, including land, water, grasslands, forests and minerals, and take stern measures to combat illegal mining of mineral resources. We will effectively protect marine resources, use them wisely, and develop the marine economy. We will intensify China's basic research efforts in meteorology, earthquake science, and surveying and mapping to strengthen these areas.

八是实施应对气候变化国家方案，加强应对气候变化能力建设。　　

Eighth, we will implement the national plan to respond to climate change to strengthen China's ability to respond to climate change. 　　

九是完善能源资源节约和环境保护奖惩机制。执行节能减排统计监测制度，健全审计、监察体系、加强执法力度，强化节能减排工作责任制。　　

Ninth, we will improve the mechanism for rewarding those who conserve energy and resources and protect the environment and punishing those who waste energy and resources and harm the environment. We will also employ statistical and monitoring systems for conserving energy and reducing emissions, and improve the auditing and supervision systems, increase law enforcement efforts, and tighten the accountability system for energy conservation and emissions reduction. 　

十是增强全社会生态文明观念，动员全体人民更加积极投身于资源节约型、环境友好型社会建设。节约资源和环境保护要一代一代人持之以恒地进行下去，让我们的祖国山更绿，水更清，天更蓝。　

Tenth, we will enhance public awareness of the importance of a culture of conservation and encourage the entire nation to participate in building a resource-conserving and environmentally friendly society. Resource conservation and environmental protection must continue from generation to generation to make our mountains greener, waters cleaner and skies bluer.