大寒节气，如何用英文说寒潮

“大寒已过腊来时，万物那逃出入机。”

今天是农历二十四节气中的最后一个节气——“大寒”。

Major cold - The last of the 24 traditional Chinese solar terms.

同时，一股霸王级的寒潮正在席卷全国，所到之处大地冰冻。

中央气象台预计，21日到25日，气温还将继续下跌，中东部普遍再降温6-8℃，局地降温14℃，还有9级阵风！南方也将出现大范围雨雪！

看看下面这张图，感受一下蓝色寒潮的威力。

*描述寒潮天气*

我们先来看看英文报道是怎样描述这股霸王寒潮的。

►Most parts of China will experience a rapid drop in temperatures along with snow and rain in the coming days as a strong cold front is on the way to hit.
一股超级寒潮正席卷而来，未来几天，我国大部分地区将经历迅速降温和雨雪天气。

cold front：寒潮、冷锋

►The National Meteorological Center said temperatures will drop sharply in northwestern, northern and northeastern China, with temperatures in some areas down by up to 14 degrees Celsius.
国家气象中心称，中国西北部、华北、东北地区将大幅降温，局地降温将达14℃。

meteorological [,miːtɪərə'lɒdʒɪkəl]：气象的；气象学的

Celsius ['selsɪəs] ：摄氏度

►Meteorological authorities in eastern Jiangxi Province forecast a cold snap from Wednesday, adding rain and snow to the coldest week since 1992.
江西省气象部门预计寒潮周三来袭，伴随着雨雪天气，这将是该省1992年以来最寒冷的一周。

cold snap：寒潮

►Sleet and freezing rain is forecast to hit southwest China's Guizhou Province from Thursday to Saturday.
周四到周六，贵州省将迎来雨夹雪、冻雨天气。

Sleet [sliːt]：雨夹雪

*寒 潮*

人们通常用cold snap、cold wave、cold front、cold spell来表达寒潮。

寒潮是指strong cold air（强冷空气）由亚洲大陆西部或西北部侵袭中国时的强降温天气过程，一般多发生在秋末、冬季、初春时节。

当范围很大的cold air mass（冷气团）聚集到一定程度，就会大规模向南入侵，形成寒潮天气。寒潮地面高压的前端一般都有一条cold front（冷锋）。寒潮过后，当地会受low pressure area（低气压）控制。

*关于寒冷的形容词*

▌crisp

cold and dry
轻微干冷

例句：

Pasto is almost 8,300 feet up in the mountains, so it was cold and crisp, with a blaze of stars across the sky.
帕斯托地处8300英尺海拔高的山脉，又冷又干，天空中闪耀着星星。

▌brisk

fairly cold and a fairly strong wind is blowing
寒冷干燥、寒风猛烈

例句：

A brisk northwest wind swept across the city.
寒冷干燥的西北风横扫了这个城市。

▌harsh

extremely cold and unpleasant
酷寒

例句：

Harsh weather in the west has left communities buried in snow.
西部地区的酷寒使整个社区掩埋在雪里。

▌bleak

very cold and grey
阴冷

例句：

The weather can be extremely bleak on the south.
南部地区的天气会极度阴冷。

▌biting

so cold that makes you feel very uncomfortable
刺骨的寒冷

例句：

He leant forward to protect himself against the biting wind.
他佝偻着身体以避寒风。

▌raw

unpleasantly cold
阴冷

例句：

Once they cleared the housetops, the wind was raw and biting.
他们清扫完屋顶后，顿时感到阴冷的刺骨寒风。

▌frosty

cold enough to produce frost
霜冻的寒冷

例句：

He breathed in the frosty air.
他吸进冰冷的空气。

▌icy

extremely cold；an icy road has ice on it
冰冷的；结冰的

例句：

It's icy out there! Be careful!
外面结冰了，路上小心！

*寒冷的天气现象*

▌blizzard

a big strong winter storm with lots of snow and wind
暴风雪

例句：

In some parts of Zhejiang, residents will experience blizzard conditions.
浙江部分地区会遭遇暴风雪天气。

▌flurry

a light, brief shower of snow
小阵雪

例句：

Flurries began to fall for a number of hours before the storm really started.
暴风来临前，小阵雪持续了数个小时。

▌frost

a thin layer of ice crystals that form on a frozen surface like grass or a car
霜

例句：

I know winter is coming when I begin to see frost in the yard in the morning.
当我在看见院子里的霜时，我知道冬天来了。

▌hail

small pieces of ice that fall from the sky
冰雹

例句：

The hail was so big it made dents in people’s cars and cracked windshields.
大块冰雹在人们的车上砸出了凹痕，砸裂了挡风玻璃。

▌sleet

a mixture of rain and snow
雨夹雪

例句：

Sleet is my least favorite kind of weather because it is both cold and wet.
雨夹雪是最讨人厌的天气，因为它又寒冷又潮湿。

▌freezing rain

rain that falls when surface temperatures are below freezing
冻雨

例句：

Icy weather and freezing rain continue to batter regions across South China.
冰冷天气和冻雨将继续侵袭南方地区。

注：冻雨不同于雨夹雪或冰雹，这种雨从天空落下时是低于0°C的过冷水滴，在碰到树枝、电线、地面或其他地上物，就会在这些物体上冻结成外表光滑、晶莹透明的一层冰壳。

*集中供暖*

下面是拉仇恨的部分，都说冬天是“北方人得瑟，南方人哆嗦”的季节。

因为有一条南北供暖分界线（North-South Central Heating Supply Line），这条线以秦岭、淮河为界，划定了北方集中供暖区。

北方采用的集中供暖系统称为central heating system。

“供暖”也称为heating supply。

提供集中供暖（central heating）的这段时间也就是heating season，供暖季。

而没有暖气的南方人民，到了冬天，只能靠空调或者电暖器取暖了（southern residents are forced to rely on air conditioners and heaters）。

不管你在南方北方，寒潮当前，还是多穿点吧！

（来源：中国日报网双语新闻微信，编辑：左卓 王飞白<实习>）