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2. 隐性饥饿
hidden hunger
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"At present, 2b people around the world are suffering from 'hidden hunger,' and the number in China is 300m," said Wan Jianmin, an academic with the Chinese Academy of Engineering.
中国工程院院士万建民近日指出:"目前,全球有20亿人正遭受'隐性饥饿',我们国家'隐性饥饿'的人口数量达到3个亿。"
世界卫生组织(the World Health Organization)和联合国粮农组织(the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization)把膳食中缺乏维生素、矿物质称为"隐性饥饿(hidden hunger)"。万建民称,2015年我国粮食总产量(total grain production)超过了6亿吨,数量上已基本能够满足人民需求(the quantity of grains is basically satisfactory for the needs of Chinese people),但是"质"的问题却没有解决:微量营养素长期摄入不足(chronically insufficient intake of micronutrients)导致大量国人、尤其是偏远山区的贫困人群营养不良(lead to malnutrition among a high number of citizens, especially those living in remote and mountainous regions),并由此引发各种慢性疾病(chronic diseases)。
国家卫计委(the National Health and Family Planning Commission)发布的《中国居民营养与慢性病状况报告(2015)》显示,我国民众膳食结构(diet structure)大多并不合理,钙、铁、维生素A、维生素D等矿物质和维生素(minerals and vitamins including calcium, iron, vitamin A and vitamin D)未达到推荐摄入水平(do not reach the recommended intake levels)。
万建民还表示,人体健康除了需要碳水化合物(carbohydrate)、脂类(lipid)、蛋白质(protein)等大量营养素外,还需要钙、铁、锌等16种矿物元素以及13种维生素。如果必需的微量营养素(essential micronutrient)长期摄入不足或失衡,身体虽然感觉不到饥饿,但健康却在无形中受损。多项研究表明,"隐性饥饿"会导致出生缺陷(birth defect)及发育性残疾(developmental disability),增加儿童和孕妇死亡率(increase the mortality rate of children and pregnant women),严重影响一个国家的人口素质和经济发展(population quality and economic development)。对此,万建民建议,粮食生产应该从重视数量转变为重视质量(the emphasis in grain production should be shifted from quantity to quality)。
[相关词汇]
微量元素 trace element/microelement
亚健康 sub-health
慢性疲劳 chronic fatigue
消瘦 emaciation
营养不良 malnutrition
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