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5. 卵子黑市
black market for human eggs
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Business in the underground market for human eggs is flourishing and becomes a serious problem in the Chinese mainland.
内地面临卵子黑市交易盛行这一严峻问题。
据统计,2015年我国不孕不育患者已超过4000万(more than 40m people in China have been diagnosed as infertile),需要辅助生殖技术(assisted reproductive technology)助孕的育龄妇女约为300万。由于正规的卵子库(ovum bank)远远不能满足需求,卵子黑市交易(business in the underground/black market for human eggs)有了可乘之机。"取卵机构"向急迫的不孕夫妇宣传其秘密服务("egg collection" agencies advertise their underground services to desperate infertile couples),同时年轻女性,特别是大学生被这个能赚取高额回报的机会所诱惑(be lured by the prospect of earning substantial sums of money in payment)。
据报道,在北京大学第三医院生殖医学中心附近,关于"捐卵(egg donation)"或"代孕(surrogacy)"的街头广告随处可见,京沪高校的网络论坛上也充斥着类似广告。捐卵者一般都要受过良好教育且颜值要高(donors are generally expected to be well-educated and attractive),可获得的报酬在2至6万元。很多捐卵者都来自低收入群体(low income groups),因为捐卵是一种轻松赚快钱的方式(a quick and easy way to make money),不少人已"捐过3、4次"。然而,取卵过程可能会危及捐赠者的健康(the egg retrieval procedure might put donors in danger),引发并发症(cause complications)。
北京春林律师事务所主任庞九林对记者表示,中介组织所进行的买卖卵子活动已构成犯罪,进行取卵的相关医疗机构也属非法行医(illegal medicine practice)。卫生部2003年修订的《人类辅助生殖技术规范》中明确规定,禁止一切商业化卵子捐赠和提取行为(ban all commercial egg donation and extraction),赠卵只限于试管婴儿治疗中的剩余卵子(only eggs leftover from women who have undergone vitro fertilization treatments can be donated),严禁买卖卵子。然而,目前的法规只规定了对参与捐卵生意的医疗机构的处罚措施(current regulations only stipulate penalties for medical institutions who are involved in the egg donation business),却未明确对参与交易的其他个人或机构的处罚。
[相关词汇]
试管婴儿 test-tube baby
人工授精 artificial insemination
胚胎移植 embryo transfer
人工流产 induced abortion
妊娠反应 pregnancy reaction
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