5. 《双倍的自由劳动》 作者：亚历克斯·利希滕斯坦

Twice the Work of Free Labor by Alex Lichtenstein

Jim Zarroli: It’s a very academic book about the convict-labour system in the south after the Civil War. Rather than being sent to prison, convicts were leased out to businesses, to mines, even to factories for very low amounts of money and they had to do forced labour for years, often as punishment for very mild crimes. And that’s something that continued in the South for years until it was replaced by the chain-gang system in 1908. People would be incarcerated for 10 years for crimes like stealing a pair of globes. Many of the prisoners were African-Americans, freed slaves, and this was almost like a way of re-enslaving them.

推荐人吉姆·扎罗利（Jim Zarroli）：这是一本关于内战后美国南方劳改制度（convict-labour system）的学术著作。囚犯们没有送进监狱，而是被租给店铺、矿井、甚至是工厂。他们的酬劳少得可怜，却要被迫当好多年的劳力，就如同罪行轻微的犯人接受的惩罚。这一制度在南方持续了数十年，直到1908年才被带镣制度（chain-gang system）所取代。偷一副手套，就会被监禁10年之久。许多犯人是非裔美国人和被释放的奴隶，这就好比变相的再次奴役。