美国队长变黑人？！ 漫画英雄迎来“多元”时代

For decades, comic books have been in color, but now they truly reflect all the hues of American society.

几十年来，漫画书一直都是彩色印刷，但直到今天，他们才真正反映了美国社会的多元色彩。

The new Captain America is black. A Superman who is suspiciously similar to President Barack Obama recently headlined a comic book. Thor is a woman, Spider-Man is part-Puerto Rican and Ms. Marvel is Muslim.

最近新问世的“美国队长”（Captain America ）是黑人。超人最近登上了漫画书的头条，他看起来很像奥巴马总统。雷神托尔（Thor）变成了一位女士，蜘蛛侠则有波多黎各血统，而惊奇女士（Ms. Marvel）是个穆斯林。

Mainstream comic book superheroes — America's modern mythology — have been redrawn from the stereotypical brown-haired, blue-eyed white male into a world of multicolored, multireligious and multigendered crusaders to reflect a greater diversity in their audience.

漫画书中那些主流的超级英雄享有“美国现代神话”的美称。他们已经摆脱了老一套的棕发蓝眼的白人男性的固有形象，转而变成来自多种民族和有着多种宗教信仰的斗士，且男女皆有。这反映了漫画书日趋多元化的读者群体。

Society has changed, so superheroes have to as well, said Axel Alonso, editor in chief at Marvel Comics, who in November debuted Captain America No. 1 with Samuel Wilson, the first African American superhero taking over CaptainAmerica's red, white and blue uniform and shield.

漫威漫画公司总编阿克塞尔·阿隆索（Axel Alonso）表示，社会在变，因此超级英雄的形象也需要随之改变。他在11月份首推美国队长1号（Captain America No. 1）塞缪尔·威尔逊，首位非裔美国“超级英雄”，接过美国队长的红白蓝三色制服和盾牌。

"Roles in society aren't what they used to be. There's far more diversity," said Alonso, who has also shepherded a gay wedding in the X-Men, a gender change from male to female in Thor and the first mainstream female Muslim hero in Ms. Marvel.

阿朗索（Alonso）说，“如今社会的人物形象不再像以前那样单一，而更加多元化”。他在X战警（X-men）中设计了男男婚礼，将托尔改成女性形象，还创造了第一位主流的穆斯林女英雄“惊奇女士”。

The change to a black CaptainAmericais already having an impact outside of comics.

美国队长变为黑人形象，其影响力早已辐射到漫画界之外。

Even before the first issue was published, unauthorized images of the black Captain America were shown at a town hall meeting in St. Louis following the funeral of Michael Brown, who was 18 and unarmed when he was killed by a white police officer. This Captain America had his hands up saying "Don't Shoot," a slogan protesters have used to highlight the number of African Americans killed by police.

在第一期漫画出版之前，民间版的“黑人美国队长”形象就已经在圣路易斯州（St.Louis）的市政厅会议上出现。未带武器的黑人少年迈克尔·布朗（Michael Brown）被白人警察枪杀一案引起了极大的抗议。抗议者们在其葬礼后，手举黑人美国队长说“拒绝开枪”的标语，意在强调被白人警察枪杀的非裔美国人数量之多。

The new diverse comic characters are far from the first: Marvel introduced the world to Samuel Wilson as the Falcon, the comic's first African-American superhero, in 1969 as a sidekick to Captain America. In 1977, DC Comics introduced Black Lightning, a schoolteacher who gains electrical powers and becomes a superhero.

新的多元漫画人物也不是首次出现。漫威公司在1969年推出了第一个非裔美国男超级英雄“猎鹰”（the Falcon）形象，作为美国队长的同伴。DC漫画公司（DC Comics ）于1977年推出“黑色闪电”系列漫画，讲述了一位学校老师获得闪电超能力并成为超级英雄的故事。

And Marvel isn't the only company looking at diversity. An alternative black Superman, one who is president of theUnited States, is part of a team in DC Comics' "The Multiversity." DC also brags of having more comic books featuring female leads than any other company, including Batgirl, Catwoman, Batwoman and Wonder Woman, the longest-running comic book with a female hero.

漫威不是唯一一家追求多元化人物形象的公司。在DC公司推出的“多元宇宙”系列漫画中，美国总统就是一个黑人超人。DC还宣称它比其它公司有更多包含女人物形象的漫画，比如“蝙蝠女”、“猫女”、“蝙蝠女侠”以及女性为主角且发行时间最久的漫画“神奇女侠”。

（翻译：eileen7 编辑：Helen）