中国领导人联合国发声记录

编者按：今年是世界反法西斯战争胜利70周年，联合国作为“二战”胜利的成果之一，也将迎来它70岁的生日。9月，第70届联合国大会将在纽约举行，预计会成为有史以来最多国家领导人云集的联大会议，中国国家主席习近平也将首次在联大发言。

从1974年邓小平登上联合国讲台算起，中国领导人已经先后多次亮相联合国会场。他们都说过什么，又有着怎样的风采表现？回望41年间各位领导人的联合国之旅，或许可以清晰地看出中国在国际外交舞台上的坚实足迹。

邓小平：新中国新面孔引发震撼

1974年4月，联合国大会第六届特别会议在纽约召开，中国政府决定由刚刚恢复工作不久的邓小平（时任国务院副总理）率团参加。而彼时，国际社会对新中国并不了解，对邓小平更是知之甚少。

在100多个国家的代表团和众多记者的期待之中，邓小平健步走上联合国大会讲台，从容开始了富有自己特色的发言。他全面系统地阐述当时提出的“三个世界”理论和中国对外关系原则，提出建立国际经济新秩序的基本主张，表明中国坚决站在第三世界国家一边，永远不称霸。

金句摘录：

没有政治独立，就不可能获得经济独立；而没有经济独立，一个国家的独立就是不完全、不巩固的。
Without political independence, it is impossible to achieve economic independence; without economic independence, a country's independence is incomplete and insecure.

我们说的自力更生，就是主要依靠本国人民的力量和智慧，掌握本国的经济命脉，充分利用本国的资源，努力增加粮食生产，有计划地、逐步地发展本国的民族经济。
By self-reliance we mean that a country should mainly rely on the strength and wisdom of its own people, control its own economic lifelines, make full use of its own resources, strive hard to increase food production and develop its national economy step by step and in a planned way.

自力更生决不是“闭关自守”，拒绝外援。我们一向认为，各国在尊重国家主权、平等互利、互通有无的条件下，开展经济技术交流，取长补短，对于发展民族经济，是有利的和必要的。
Self-reliance in no way means "self-seclusion" and rejection of foreign aid. We have always considered it beneficial and necessary for the development of the national economy that countries should carry on economic and technical exchanges on the basis of respect for state sovereignty, equality and mutual benefit, and the exchange of needed goods to make up for each other's deficiencies.

我们主张，国家之间的政治和经济关系都应当建立在互相尊重主权和领土完整、互不侵犯、互不干涉内政、平等互利、和平共处五项原则的基础上。我们反对任何国家违背这些原则，在任何地区建立霸权和势力范围。
We hold that in both political and economic relations, countries should base themselves on the Five Principles of mutual respect for sovereignty and territorial integrity, mutual non-aggression, non-interference in each other's internal affairs, equality and mutual benefit, and peaceful coexistence. We are opposed to the establishment of hegemony and spheres of influence by any country in any part of the world in violation of these principles.

我们主张，各国的事务应当由各国人民自己来管。发展中国家人民有权自行选择和决定他们自己的社会、经济制度。我们支持发展中国家对自己的自然资源享有和行使永久主权。我们支持发展中国家对一切外国资本特别是“跨国公司”进行控制和管理，直到把它们收归国有。我们支持发展中国家“各别地或集体地自力更生”发展民族经济的主张。
We hold that the affairs of each country should be managed by its own people. The people of the developing countries have the right to choose and decide on their own social and economic systems. We support the permanent sovereignty of the developing countries over their own natural resources as well as their exercise of it. We support the actions of the developing countries to bring all foreign capital, and particularly "trans-national corporations," under their control and management, up to and including nationalization. We support the position of the developing countries for the development of their national economy through "individual and collective self-reliance."

我们主张，国家不论大小，不论贫富，应该一律平等，国际经济事务应该由世界各国共同来管，而不应当由一、两个超级大国来垄断。我们支持占世界人口绝大多数的发展中国家享有参与有关国际贸易、货币、航运等一切决定的充分权利。
We hold that all countries, big or small, rich or poor, should be equal, and that international economic affairs should be jointly managed by all the countries of the world instead of being monopolized by the one or two superpowers. We support the full right of the developing countries, which comprise the great majority of the world's population, to take part in all decision-making on international trade, monetary, shipping and other matters.

我们主张，国际贸易应当建立在平等互利、互通有无的原则基础上。我们支持发展中国家改善它们的原料、初级产品、半制成品和制成品的贸易条件，扩大销售市场，确定公正有利的价格等迫切要求。我们支持发展中国家建立各种原料输出国组织，进行反殖、反帝、反霸的联合斗争。
We hold that international trade should be based on the principles of equality, mutual benefit and the exchange of needed goods. We support the urgent demand of the developing countries to improve trade terms for their raw materials, primary products and semi-manufactured and manufactured goods, to expand their market and to fix equitable and favourable prices. We support the developing countries in establishing various organizations of raw material exporting countries for a united struggle against colonialism, imperialism and hegemonism.

我们主张，对发展中国家的经济援助，应当严格尊重受援国的主权，不附带任何政治、军事条件，不要求任何特权或借机牟取暴利。对发展中国家提供的贷款应当是无息或低息的，必要时可以延期还本付息，甚至减免债务负担。我们反对假借援助对发展中国家进行高利盘剥和敲诈勒索。
We hold that economic aid to the developing countries must strictly respect the sovereignty of the recipient countries and must not be accompanied by any political or military conditions and the extortion of any special privileges or excessive profits. Loans to the developing countries should be interest-free or low-interest and allow for delayed repayment of capital and interest, or even reduction and cancellation of debts in case of necessity. We are opposed to the exploitation of developing countries by usury or blackmail in the name of aid.

我们主张，对发展中国家的技术转让必须实用、有效、廉价、方便，派往受援国的专家和人员有责任向受援国人民认真传授技术，尊重受援国的法令和民族习惯，而不应当要求特殊待遇，更不得进行非法活动。
We hold that technology transferred to the developing countries must be practical, efficient, economical and convenient for use. The experts and other personnel dispatched to the recipient countries have the obligation to pass on conscientiously technical know-how to the people there and to respect the laws and national customs of the countries concerned. They must not make special demands or ask for special amenities, let alone engage in illegal activities.

中国是一个社会主义国家，也是一个发展中的国家。中国属于第三世界。中国政府和中国人民，一贯遵循毛主席的教导，坚决支持一切被压迫人民和被压迫民族争取和维护民族独立，发展民族经济，反对殖民主义、帝国主义、霸权主义的斗争，这是我们应尽的国际主义义务。中国现在不是，将来也不做超级大国。
China is a socialist country, and a developing country as well. China belongs to the Third World. Consistently following Chairman Mao's teachings, the Chinese government and people firmly support all oppressed peoples and oppressed nations in their struggle to win or defend national independence, develop the national economy and oppose colonialism, imperialism and hegemonism. This is our bounden internationalist duty. China is not a superpower, nor will she ever seek to be one.