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经常看英美剧的同学,大概每个人的关注剧中都有一两部是律政题材的吧?像《诉讼双雄》(Suits)、《风骚律师》(Better Call Saul)、《皇家律师》(Silk),以及最新的《美国犯罪故事》(American Crime Story)等。看剧中人物在法庭上唇枪舌战固然精彩,不过,有些法庭用语大家都能明白吗?
今天为大家奉上法庭词汇第二期,上一期的你还记得多少啊?
Terms Commonly Used in Court Part 2
法庭常用词汇(2)
Incarceration 监禁
例句:
This time his period of incarceration will last longer.
这一次,他的监禁期要长一些。
Indictment 诉状,起诉书
例句:
The government's indictment against the three men alleged unlawful trading.
政府在对这三个人的起诉书中指控他们从事非法贸易。
Insanity Plea(plea of insanity) 以精神错乱为由抗辩
例句:
Phillips murdered his wife, but got off on a plea of insanity.
菲利普斯谋杀了他的妻子,但以精神错乱为由逃脱了惩罚。
Judgment 判决
注:这个词有两个拼法,judgment和judgement,用于指代法庭相关的“判决,判决书”等意思时多用judgment,而用于非法律相关的“判断”之意时多用judgement。
例句:
The Court is expected to give its judgment within the next ten days.
法庭应于10日内作出判决。
Jurisdiction 司法权,管辖权
例句:
The court has no jurisdiction over foreign diplomats living in this country.
法院对驻本国的外交官无裁判权。
Jury 陪审团
例句:
The six-person jury deliberated about two hours before returning with the verdict.
6人陪审团认真商议了约两个小时后作出了裁定。
Legal Aid 法律援助(指对无钱聘请律师或进行诉讼者给予的专业法律援助)
例句:
If she gets that far, Jane may get legal aid to take her case to court.
如果走到那个地步,简也许能得到法律援助去打官司。
Litigant 诉讼当事人
例句:
Plaintiffs and defendants are both litigants.
原告和被告都属于诉讼当事人。
Mediation 调解
例句:
All efforts of mediation by a third party were in vain at all.
第三方的所有调解尝试均告失败。
Misdemeanor 不法行为,轻罪
例句:
Since when does a misdemeanor drunk-in-public need 2 detectives?
何时开始在公共场合醉酒这样的轻罪要出动两个探员?
Motion (诉讼参与方或者与案件相关的一方向法官提出的)动议
例句:
He is eligible now to file a motion for a new trial.
他现在有资格提议重新进行审判。
Negligence 失职,疏忽
Negligence of duty就是“玩忽职守”。
例句:
The accident was caused by negligence on the part of the driver.
事故是由于司机的过失造成的。
Not Guilty 无罪
例句:
He was found not guilty, by reason of insanity.
他以精神失常为理由获判无罪。
“无罪”的另一个说法是acquittal,二者的区别是,not guilty是形容词形式,陪审团宣布被告“无罪”,而acquittal是名词形式,是正式的“无罪判决”。
例句:
The jury voted 8-to-4 in favor of acquittal.
陪审团以8比4的投票结果赞成无罪判决。
Objection 反对
在法庭上,一方律师对另一方的陈述或提问表示objection(反对)时,法官一般会做出两种反应:sustained(反对有效),overruled(反对无效)。法官判定反对有效时,相关方面需改变提问方式或者提问内容。
例句:
He raised several objections to the judge, but all of them were overruled.
他对法官提了好几次反对,可是都被判无效。
Parole 假释
例句:
People on parole must follow certain rules.
被假释的人必须遵守一定的规定。
Perjury 伪证罪
例句:
You'll be punished if you procure the witness to commit perjury.
如果你诱使证人作伪证,你要受罚的。
Plaintiff 原告
例句:
The plaintiff's sole witness, a gambler and layabout, was easily discredited.
原告唯一的证人嗜赌成性,游手好闲,其证词一下子就被推翻了。
Plea (被告或被告律师的)抗辩
例句:
We will enter a plea of not guilty...
我们将进行无罪抗辩。
Probation 缓刑
例句:
The thief was put on probation for two years.
这个小偷被处以两年缓刑。
未完待续(To be continued)
(中国日报网英语点津 Helen)
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