德翼空难 飞行员蓄意坠机事件盘点

Picture of co-pilot Andreas Lubitz

据报道，德国之翼失事客机的副驾驶涉嫌蓄意操纵飞机撞山。历史上，飞行员蓄意撞毁飞机的悲剧也曾发生过数次。

事故：胜安航空185号班机空难
日期：1982年2月9日
遇难人数：104
原因：可能是机长操作飞机俯冲。

There was great controversy as to the cause of the crash, which was investigated by two separate agencies independent of each other. The United States' National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) made a conclusion from its interpretation of the absent black box data, that the crash was the result of deliberate flight control inputs, most likely by the captain. However, the Indonesian National Transportation Safety Committee (NTSC) stated in its report that it could not determine a cause of the crash due to inconclusive evidence.
此次坠机事件的原因存在巨大争议。两个调查机构各自独立完成了调查。美国国家运输安全委员会对黑匣子数据缺失做出推断，认为很可能是由于机长的蓄意操作导致坠机。但印尼国家运输安全委员会声明因缺少决定性证据，无法确定事故原因。

事故：日航350号班机空难
日期：1997年12月19日
遇难人数：24
原因：机长患有精神疾病，蓄意撞毁飞机。

The cause of the crash was traced to the captain's deliberate engaging of the number 2 and 3 engines' thrust-reversers in flight. The first officer and flight engineer worked to restrain him and regain control. Despite their best efforts, the DC-8's descent could not be completely checked, and it touched down in shallow water 300 meters (980 ft) short of the runway.
机长故意打开第2、第3引擎的推力反向器（通常用于降落时减速），制造了此次空难。尽管副机长和航空工程师试图制服机长并重新控制飞机，但未能完全阻止这架道格拉斯DC-8型客机下降。飞机最终降落在离跑道300米的一片浅水中。

Captain Seiji Katagiri, one of the first people to take a rescue boat, reportedly told rescuers that he was an office worker, to avoid being identified as the captain. Katagiri was later found to be suffering from a mental illness prior to the incident, which resulted in a decision that he was not guilty by reason of insanity.
片桐清二机长是最早被救上船的人员之一。报道称他为了避免被认出是机长，向救援人员伪称自己是一名白领。事后，片桐清二被查出在事故前就罹患精神疾病，并因此被判无罪。

事故：LAM莫桑比克航空470号班机空难
日期：2013年11月29日
遇难人数：27
原因：机长把副机长锁在驾驶舱外，并操作飞机坠毁。

The plane's altitude was changed three times from 38,000 feet (11,582 m) to 592 feet (180 m), the latter being below ground level, and the speed was manually adjusted as well. The cockpit voice recorder captured several alarms going off during the descent, as well as repeated loud bangs on the door from the co-pilot, who was locked out of the cockpit.
飞机飞行高度经过3次改变，从38000英尺下降到低于地面的592英尺（坠机地点的海拔高度约为1000 - 2000米），飞行速度也被人为改变。座舱通话记录器表明，在飞机下降过程中响起过数次警报，被锁在驾驶舱外的另一名飞行员也曾反复砸门。

（来源：沪江英语，编辑 Helen）