为机器人设置毁灭开关 欧盟或立法将其当人看

近年来人工智能迅速发展，机器人的功能越来越多，甚至在某些方面的表现已经超过人类。这不禁让人担心关于人工智能的悲观预言是否会成为现实。为了避免预言成真，欧洲议会议员发起提案，要求为机器人配备紧急“毁灭开关”，以防止他们制造严重伤害。立法者还建议为机器人投保，甚至还要向他们收税。

Europe is preparing for a robot revolution.
欧洲正策划一场机器人革命。

European lawmakers have proposed that robots be equipped with emergency "kill switches" to prevent them from causing excessive damage. Legislators have also suggested that robots be insured and even be made to pay taxes.
欧洲立法者建议为机器人配备紧急“毁灭开关”，以防止他们制造严重伤害。立法者还建议为机器人投保，甚至还要他们缴纳税款。

The proposal on robot governance was approved by the European Parliament's legal affairs committee on Thursday. The issue will now be considered by the European Commission, which is the bloc's top regulator.
12日，欧洲议会法律事务委员会通过了关于机器人治理的提案。欧盟最高监管机构——欧盟委员会将开始审批这一提案。

"A growing number of areas of our daily lives are increasingly affected by robotics," said Mady Delvaux, the parliamentarian who authored the proposal. "To ensure that robots are and will remain in the service of humans, we urgently need to create a robust European legal framework."
提案撰写者梅迪•德尔沃议员表示，“机器人在日常生活领域的影响越来越广。为了确保他们继续为人类服务，我们迫切需要建立一个健全的欧洲法律框架。”

Here is what lawmakers have proposed:
下面是立法者的提案：

Kill switch
毁灭开关

The proposal calls for a new charter on robotics that would give engineers guidance on how to design ethical and safe machines.
提案呼吁颁布一项新的机器人法案，以指导工程师设计合乎道德和安全标准的机器。

For example, designers should include "kill switches" so that robots can be turned off in emergencies. They must also make sure that robots can be reprogrammed if their software doesn't work as designed.
例如，设计者应该加入“毁灭开关”以便在紧急情况下关闭机器人。他们还必须确保在程序没有按照设计运行时可以给机器人重新编写程序。

Remember: It's just a robot
记住：这只是一个机器人

The proposal also says that robots should always be identifiable as mechanical creations. That will help prevent humans from developing emotional attachments.
提案还指出，机器人应该始终被视为机械产物。这有助于防止人类对其产生情感依恋。

The report cites the example of care robots, saying that people who are physically dependent on them could develop emotional attachments.
报告以“机器人护理”为例，指出对机器人有生理依赖的人类会产生情感上的依恋。

也许你认为这样的担心是多余的，人类和机器人的爱情只会出现在文学创作里。但是，事实证明这不仅仅是幻想。据外媒近日报道，一名法国女性恋上3D打印机器人并想与之结婚。这位女性表示她从小就喜欢听机器人的声音，而且她只爱机器人，讨厌和人类发生身体接触。

Who's responsible for misbehaving robots?
谁来为机器人的不当行为买单？

The proposal calls for a compulsory insurance scheme - similar to car insurance - that would require producers and owners to take out insurance to cover the damage caused by their robots.
提案呼吁实施一项与汽车保险类似的强制保险计划，要求机器人生产商和所有者投保赔偿自己的机器人制造的损害。

Give robots rights?
赋予机器人权利？

The proposal explores whether sophisticated autonomous robots should be given the status of "electronic persons."
提案还探讨了是否应该给予全自主精密机器人“电子人”的地位。

This designation would apply in situations where robots make autonomous decisions or interact with humans independently.
这一定义将适用于机器人进行自主决策或与人类独立互动的情况。

It would also saddle robots with certain rights and obligations - for example, robots would be responsible for any damage they cause.
机器人还将获得某些权利和义务——例如，机器人将为他们制造的所有伤害负责。

Should robots pay tax?
机器人应该缴税吗？

If advanced robots start replacing human workers in large numbers, the report recommends the European Commission force their owners to pay taxes or contribute to social security.
该报告建议，如果先进的机器人开始大量替代人工，那么欧盟委员需迫使其所有者缴纳税款或社保。

EU member states should also consider implementing a universal income to blunt the impact of the job losses.
欧盟成员国也应考虑统一薪资以减少对失业者的影响。

英文来源：CNN
翻译&编辑：董静
审校：丹妮