《中国性别平等与妇女发展》白皮书（双语全文）

六、妇女与环境
VI. Women and the Environment

中国重视营造促进性别平等的社会文化环境，创造健康安全的自然环境，倡导平等和谐的文明家风，为妇女的生存发展创造良好条件。妇女在社会文化培育、生态环境保护和家庭建设中的独特作用日益凸显。
China attaches great importance to creating a social and cultural environment conducive to boosting gender equality; through building a healthy and safe natural environment and fostering equal and harmonious family traditions, sound conditions have been created for women's development. Women are playing an increasingly prominent unique role in the fostering of social culture, protection of the ecological environment and family management.

营造尊重妇女和两性平等发展的社会环境。各级党政部门、妇联组织及其他社会组织通过宣传倡导、教育培训、座谈研讨等多种形式，全方位、多渠道宣传男女平等基本国策，提升全社会性别平等意识。各级党政领导带头宣讲国策，发表署名文章，作专题报告，表明促进性别平等的意愿和行动。制定促进两性和谐发展的文化和传媒政策，禁止性别歧视。加强对传媒的正面引导和管理，培训媒体从业者，增强性别平等意识。完善传媒监管机制，监督新闻媒体和广告经营者严格自律，禁止在媒体中出现贬抑、否定妇女独立人格的歧视现象。大力宣传妇女在经济社会发展中的积极贡献。妇女在媒体领域发挥了重要作用，截至2014年底，持有新闻记者证的女性采编人员比例为44.1%。
Creating a social environment in which women are respected and gender equality is upheld. The Party and government departments, women's federations and other social organizations at various levels promote the basic national policy of gender equality through various means, such as publicity campaigns, training courses and seminars. Leading Party and government officials at various levels have taken the lead in writing and publishing articles and making speeches to promote gender equality. China has developed cultural and media policies aimed to boost harmonious development between men and women and prohibit gender discrimination. The state has enhanced guidance and management of the media and has trained media workers to enhance their awareness of gender equality. China has improved supervision to ensure news media and advertising agents exercise strict self-discipline and avoid any discrimination against women in the media by depreciating or denying their independent personality. China has vigorously publicized the positive contribution made by women to economic and social development. Women are playing an important role in the media. By the end of 2014, female journalists and editors had made up 44.1 percent of qualified staff in this area.

妇女的精神文化生活日益丰富。公共文化服务体系建设注重面向妇女群体，满足妇女的精神文化需求。全国范围内免费开放博物馆、美术馆、公共图书馆、文化馆和文化站等文化场所，不断发展数字图书馆，妇女的文化生活资源更加丰富。大力推动信息通信技术发展，为妇女文化交流与创新提供了新平台，截至2014年12月，中国女性网民共有2.83亿，占网民总数的43.6%。妇女休闲方式和内容更加多元。开展“亿万妇女健身活动”，妇女健身活动规模不断扩大。最新一期中国妇女社会地位调查显示，有55.2%的女性主动参加体育锻炼。
Women's cultural life is being enriched. Public cultural services target women with the intention of satisfying their cultural demands. Museums, galleries, libraries and cultural centers nationwide are open to the public for free, and digital libraries are being developed, thus increasing women's access to culture. Major efforts have been made to boost the development of information technology, providing women with new platforms for cultural communication and innovation. By December 2014, Chinese women netizens numbered 283 million, accounting for 43.6 percent of the total netizens. Women have ever-increasing leisure opportunities. Fitness campaigns have been directed at hundreds of millions of women, and such activities are still gaining momentum. According to a recent survey of Chinese women's social status, 55.2 percent of women are taking an active part in physical exercises.

妇女生活环境得到明显改善。《中国妇女发展纲要(2011-2020年)》提出改水改厕等与妇女生产生活密切相关的主要目标。目前，全国农村卫生厕所普及率由2000年的40.3%提高到2013年的74.1%，农村改水受益人数累计达9亿，改水累计受益率达95.6%，农村自来水普及率由2000年的55.2%提高到2013年的76.4%，改善了妇女生产生活环境，减轻了生产生活负担。重视发挥妇女在生态文明建设中的作用。更多妇女进入环保领域，为保护生态环境、应对气候变化、维护能源资源安全作出了积极贡献。全国人大环境与资源保护委员会的女委员、各级政府分管环境的女市长和女环保局长人数不断增加。截至2014年底，环境保护部机关女干部比例为31.2%。倡导妇女参与节能减排，践行低碳生活。妇女积极参与环境保护，以女性为主导的环保组织日益增多。
The everyday environment for women is being markedly improved. The Program for the Development of Chinese Women (2011-2020) set goals for improving water supply services and toilets that have a positive impact on women's daily and working life. Access to sanitary toilets in rural areas increased from 40.3 percent in 2000 to 74.1 percent in 2013. Improved water supply in rural areas has benefitted a total of 900 million people, with accumulative benefit rate of 95.6 percent. Access to tap water in rural areas increased from 55.2 percent in 2000 to 76.4 percent in 2013. All these changes have helped improve the living environment of women and reduced their daily burden. China sets store by highlighting the role of women in building a conservation culture. More and more women are involved in environmental protection, making their contribution to protecting the ecological environment, addressing climate change and maintaining energy and resource security. The number of female members in the NPC Environment Protection and Resources Conservation Committee, female mayors in charge of environmental protection and female heads of environmental protection bureaus has kept increasing. By the end of 2014, female officials working at the Ministry of Environmental Protection accounted for 31.2 percent of the total. Women are encouraged to participate in energy conservation and emission reduction efforts, and to adopt low-carbon lifestyle. Women take part in environmental protection with enthusiasm, and environmental protection organizations with women playing a dominant role are on the rise.

营造和谐、平等的家庭环境。国家人口发展“十二五”规划将促进性别平等、家庭和谐、倡导婚姻自由平等作为主要任务，促进家庭成员的平等发展。一些地方法规对女职工产假、男职工护理假及津贴作出明确规定，支持男女平衡工作与家庭、夫妻共担家庭责任。探索开展妇女与婚姻家庭社会工作，完善妇女社会支持系统。实施“关爱女孩行动”，改变传统男孩偏好的文化习俗。建立健全社会养老服务体系，老年妇女的生活条件得到改善，生活质量不断提高，贫困、丧偶和独居老年妇女得到特殊关照。积极开展“五好文明家庭”和“寻找最美家庭”等家庭文化建设活动，宣传倡导文明家风。20年来，婚姻家庭中的性别平等状况明显改善。最新一期中国妇女社会地位调查显示，夫妻共同决策家庭事务成为趋势，70%以上的妇女参与家庭重大事务决策。越来越多的妇女能够平等分享家庭资源，男女共同分担家务的观念得到更多认同，两性家务劳动时间差距由10年前的150分钟缩短到74分钟。
Building a harmonious and equal family environment. The 12th five-year plan for population development takes gender equality, family harmony and freedom and equality in marriage as its major goals. Some local regulations contain explicit provisions on maternity leave for female employees and nursing leave and subsidies for male employees, to support husbands and wives in balancing work and family and jointly sharing family responsibilities. China has conducted social studies of the relationship between women, marriage and family to improve the social support system for women. It has initiated "Care for Girls Action" to challenge the tradition of favoring boys. China has set up and improved systems of services for the elderly to ensure that elderly women's living conditions and quality of life are improved, and that impoverished, widowed and elderly women living alone are given special care. China actively launches campaigns to find "Model Family" and "The Most Harmonious Family" to foster the best family traditions. Over the past 20 years, a marked improvement has been seen in gender equality in marriages and families. The recent survey of Chinese women's social status shows that it has become the norm for husbands and wives to make family decisions jointly, and that more than 70 percent of women have taken part in making major family decisions. More and more women can share family resources on an equal basis with men, and the concept of men and women sharing housework is now accepted, with the housework time gap between men and women shortened from 150 minutes 10 years ago to 74 minutes now.