张明权 |
本期点评专家:张明权
我的一个好朋友最近接受了白血病测试。她对我说,最令人痛苦的折磨就是苦苦等待测试结果的那一周时间。我朋友说,她可能会学着直面坏结果。但真正让人煎熬焦虑的是那种茫然的感觉。
参考译文:
When uncertainty strikes in life
One of my good friends had a leukemia test recently. “Waiting for the test result was the most afflicting thing that week,” she told me, “What tortured me most was not dread for the worst outcome but the sense of being at a loss.
In a recent contribution to opinion pages of New York Times, Daniel Gilbert, a professor of psychology at Harvard wrote, “People feel worse when something bad might occur than when something bad will occur. Most of us aren’t losing sleep and sucking down Marlboros because the Dow is going to fall another thousand points, but because we don’t know whether it will fall or not — and human beings find uncertainty more painful than the things they’re uncertain about.”
做翻译的人,常常也有译题一所说的不确定感觉,对一些用法的不确定有时候令人痛苦不堪,然而要学好翻译,又必须时常经历这种痛苦的考验,所以我点评翻译都要自己先译一遍,这样译完了才能真正发现问题,包括别人的和自己的。我的译文也是几经周折才完成的,如果仍然不能令人满意的话,那就是水平问题了,不是我不尽心。经历了阐释学、译者自主、解构主义的洗礼以后,翻译逐渐走向开放和自由,然而这种自由首先是建立在正确理解和恰当表达基础上的,好的翻译从来都不是乱译,好的翻译需要字斟句酌。多种译本的存在是翻译在不同地点、时间,在不同译者笔下,以及面对不同读者产生的结果,而不是翻译自由的副产品。
译题一大段编译了Daniel Gilbert的文章内容,在这里我采用回译的策略,目的在于给读者提供地道的英文表达方式。原文见http://opinionator.blogs.nytimes.com/2009/05/20/what-you-dont-know-makes-you-nervous/?scp=3&sq=daniel%20gilbert&st=Search。具体到语言点,“不确定感向你袭来”中的“袭”与英语的strike的意思很接近,网友使用的词汇还有overwhelm, catch you off guard等,给我的感觉是稍微过了点。“苦苦等待”与前文“最痛苦的折磨”语义重复,可以略去不译,但“最痛苦的”一词要译得重一些,afflicting, heart-wrenching, torturing等词都可以,下文的“煎熬焦虑”也是一种折磨。“茫然”说的是a sense of being at a loss,我差一点译成了a sense of loss(失落感),幸亏检查的时候及时发现。“夜不能寐”在Gilbert的原文中就是lose sleep,非常简单,网友luckyera, clumsy使用了相同的翻译,guanyu168也是,但把词性弄错了,写成了loss their sleep,应该是笔误,其他网友的翻译包括:toss in bed at night, can’t sleep well, stay late in night, lie awake all night, suffer sleepless night, suffering from persistent insomnia, spend sleepless nights, unable to sleep, have insufficient rest等。从这一个成语的翻译也能看出翻译的不确定性,英语本身多同义表达,因此很容易产生多种译文。有时候纯粹用回译来检验翻译质量也是不公平的,上述的各位网友的翻译大部分都是正确的,有的甚至超越了原文,从这个意义上来说,翻译也不必不如原文,有论者甚至提出翻译竞赛论。
对于部分"宁拿千元做白领,不要3000元做技工"的应届本科毕业生来说,心理压力随之而来;而对于那些愿意"放下身段"做技工的大专院校毕业生来说,企业的"歧视"也构成了不小的现实压力。
参考译文:
General workers paid more than college graduates
The statistics, obtained from the job fair in Dongguan in the late and middle February, reveals a 20% increase in the payment for fresh college graduates, though the rises lag far behind those for skilled workers as well as general workers. Since China’s Spring Festival the payment for these workers has gradually come close to or even surpassed that for college graduates. White collars now have the same starting salary, RMB2000 (about US$304) a month, as blue collars.
Newly graduated students are now under psychological pressure who would rather “be a white collar earning RMB1000 (about US$157) than a technical worker paid RMB3000 (about US$462) a month”. Those who “condescend” to work as technicians are subject to substantial pressure from the “discrimination” against them from enterprises.
翻译这段文字,首先要弄清楚汉语“普工”和“技工”的准确含义。首先,“普工”是“普通工人”的简称,有两个意思,一个是“一般的工人”,即没有特殊技能的工人,另一个是指“平凡的,不显眼的(工人)”,在这里应该是第一个意思,也就是general workers;再者,“技工”是“技术工人”的简称,但在实际使用中,和“技师”的使用范围有所交叉,英语对应词也存在这种情况,比如skilled workers, technical workers, technicians。我同时使用了这三个词,不是要混淆视听,目的就是想说明他们之间的界限不是泾渭分明的。“迫近甚至超过”的意思是come close to or even surpass,其他的翻译还有overtake or exceed等,“悄然”比较难找到英语对应的词,gradually不是对这个词的直接翻译,是结合语境的翻译变通。为什么不翻译成quietly或unknowingly呢?原因主要在于想淡化这里的情感色彩,原文在谈这个问题时,即带有对大学生工资过低的担忧,也带有对普通工人工资增长的欣然,但无论怎样,304美元一个月的工资实在太低了,译成英语还是不要抒情的好。
“宁拿千元做白领,不要3000元做技工”带有典型的汉语连动式特点,但译成英语“拿钱”应该是定语,“宁愿…不要”对应英语句型would rather...than,蓝咪咪的翻译who would rather be complacent with 1000 yuan a month as a white collar than accepting an offer of 3000 yuan as a technical worker,对原文的信息进行了补充,读起来比较圆润。“放下身段”带有“屈尊”的意思,这与中国大学生的社会地位变化有关,我这里使用了condescend一词,但加上了引号,因为本质上做什么工作并不存在屈尊的问题,后面的“歧视”原文有引号,译文同样保留,是为了表明对该词词义不同于一般的使用。“不小的”这个修饰语,我翻译成substantial,是因为它既有“不小的”的意思,也与前文psychological对照,表示“现实的”意思。
2011年民生第一件实事锁定个税改革。具体方案有望于本周三召开的国务院常务会议上出台。昨天,国务院总理温家宝与网友在线交流时表示,将提高个人所得税工薪所得费用扣除标准。
参考译文:
Individual income tax reform: threshold to be raised
The first thing on the 2011 agenda of Chinese government to benefit people with low incomes falls on the income tax reform, though the detailed draft is expected to finalise at the executive meeting of the State Council scheduled for Wednesday. In his web chat yesterday with netizens, Premier Wen Jiabao disclosed that the standard deduction amounts for income would be increased. According to sources, the income tax reform at this session of People’s Congress will be a comprehensive one, including refreshing the individual exemptions, as well as adjusting the tax brackets and rates. To quote the quarters concerned, “Aimed at less burdening on people with low and middle incomes, expansion of consumption, and an improved tax system, the income tax reform this year is expected to pave the way for combined and classified tax collection in future.”
译题三的翻译涉及一些专门术语,首先,“个税”即“个人所得税”,可以翻译成individual 或personal income tax,但在文中可以直接称income tax。“工薪免征额”和“工薪所得费用扣除标准”都是指工资中免税的部分,后者解释的更清楚,对应的英语翻译有不少,比如threshold, cutoff point, exemptions等,可以换着使用。“级距”也是一个专业术语,英语文献中有这样的解释:The range of income where you stay at any particular rate is known as a tax bracket,因此“级距”可以翻译成brackets,而税率是rates。关于所得税的扣除,这里有一段话可以供参考:Individual income tax under current rules is charged at progressive rates from 5 to 45 per cent. In calculating the tax liabilities due, an individual is allowed a flat deduction of 800 yuan (US$96.6) per month.
“民生”一词的翻译已有很多论述,可以翻译成livelihood issue, bread and butter issue, pocketbook issue, 但也可以结合语境翻译成people’s life,因为这个词就是对“人民生活”的缩略。另外,我在翻译温家宝和网友交流时说的话时,稍微口语化了一点,没有译得过分繁琐。
(注:本次点评部分译文参考了网友的翻译。)
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专家简介:
张明权,安徽省固镇县人,江苏大学外国语学院副教授,英语语言文学硕士,上外博士课程班进修。主要从事英语语言学和翻译学研究,在国内外学术期刊发表论文10余篇,出版译著两部,发表其他文章20余篇,有大量翻译实践经验,翻译总字数接近200万。Email: mqzhang@ujs.edu.cn。
(作者:张明权 中国日报网英语点津 编辑:陈丹妮)